POLS Finals
Since the 1930s, most African Americans have identified as
Democrats
Superdelegates
Party elites who are not bound to the voting results in their state primaries and can vote as they wish, used in Democratic Party
Grasssroots Campaign
Political campaigns that operate at the local level, often using face-to-face communication to generate interest and momentum by citizens
political action committees
Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns
Party identification
Race/Ethnicity Gender Class Religion Ideology Region Age
paid media
Televison and Radio
The Progressive movement motivated by
excessive power, corruption, and abuses of party machines and their bosses
MOST likely to be supported by the national leadership of the Democratic Party?
expanding funding for education, public spending for infrastructure, and raising taxes on the wealthy and corporations
Which of the following political officers is/are subject to recall elections?
governors and other state officials
The Republican Party is currently MOST internally divided over the issues of
immigration
Voting
is the single most important political act for most Americans
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, election campaigns tended to be
labor intensive
Clicktivism
The digital forms of participation that require little effort and may not actually translate into offline acts of political engagement
The digital divide:
line separating citizens with internet access from those without
MOST likely to be supported by the national leadership of the Republican Party?
maintaining high levels of military spending, instituting tax relief for upper-income voters, and reducing corporate taxes
The national party conventions are important because they
make rules concerning delegate selection for future primaries and draft the party's platform
Statewide elections tend to be
media driven and capital intensive
During the early nineteenth century, the Jeffersonian Party's main base of strength was in
The south
15th Amendment
Voting rights for black men were established in the Constitution
Leadership PAC
When a politician forms a political action committee to donate campaign funds to his or her political allies
front loading
When states vie for influence by holding their nominating processes earlier
The largest single-day protest in U.S. history was the
Women's March on Washington, D.C., to protest Donald Trump's inauguration as president
party activist
not only votes but also contributes time, energy, effort, and financial resources to party affairs
Local election campaigns tend to be
organizationally driven and labor intensive
A recall effort begins with a
petition campaign
Retail politics refers to
political campaigns that operate at the local level and use face-to-face communication to generate interest and momentum among voters
Referendum
practice of referring a proposed law passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection
Third-party candidates are better off under
proportional representation
men somewhat/mainly
republican
Micro-targeting is to
send different campaign messages to different demographic groups of voters
protesting
so-called traditional form of political activity
The primary responsibility for conducting public elections rests with
state and local governments
A political party is an organization
that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
the Supreme Court ruled that the government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations or unions in support of candidates
The number of political parties there are in a country is determined primarily by
the country's electoral system and rules
Who is an incumbent?
the current officeholder running for re-election
Dealignment
the decline of partisan attachment within the electorate, the growth in the number of voters identifying themselves as independents, and the rise of split-ticket voting
The Black Lives Matter protest movement started after
the killing of Michael Brown by a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014
"King Caucus" refers to
the use of each party's congressional caucus to nominate presidential candidates during the early nineteenth century
At any given time in American politics, how many parties have tended to dominate politics?
two
Modern low voter turnout ___ percent in ____
52, 1996
Women won the right to vote in
1920
During the 1880s, as many as ________ people worked on political campaigns
2.5 million
During the colonial and early national periods of American history, suffrage was generally restricted to white males over the age of
21
United States is ranked ____ terms of voter turnout
32nd
Approximately ________ percent of Americans lack high-speed internet access in their homes.
35
The winner of the electoral college vote has NOT won the popular vote ________ time(s) in American history.
4
Currently, there are ________ states that have the legislative referendum and ________ states that provide for the initiative process.
50, 24
"Dark money" comes from
501(c)(4)s
The United States has had ________ party systems since 1789.
6
In 2016, about ________ percent of Latino Americans voted for Hillary Clinton
65
Caucus
A ________ is a meeting of a political group's members who gather to determine strategy and select candidates.
women's suffrage is MOST accurate
A number of state and territorial governments adopted women's suffrage before the federal government granted women the vote
Party Platform
A party document, written at the national convention, that contains party philosophy, principles, and policy positions
identification
An individual's psychological attachment to one party or another
Town Hall meetings
An informal public meeting in which candidates meet with ordinary citizens
Which of the following politicians was successfully recalled from office?
California governor Gray Davis (2003)
Gender Gap
Difference in political views between men and women
During the earliest years of the United States, who nominated the candidates for president?
Each party's congressional caucus controlled nominations
two-party system developed in
Eighteen century
Emerging in the late 1780s, America's first two political parties were the...
Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans
________ warned Americans against the dangers of political parties in his farewell address
George Washington
Polling
Interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population
The first caucus in the presidential primary campaign is held in ________, while the first primary election in the presidential primary campaign is held in ________.
Iowa, New Hampshire
The ________ Party originated from internal mobilization
Jeffersonian
Solid support for the Republican Party currently comes from the
South and Mountain West
In order to win the presidency, a candidate must win
at least 270 electoral votes
The 1965 Voting Rights Act
authorized the federal government to register voters in states that discriminated against minority citizens
Early presidential primaries and caucuses are more important because they
can help a candidate secure media attention and financial support
Top-two primary system the
candidates from all parties run against one another and the top two face each other in the general election
Free media
coverage of a candidate's campaign by the news media
women somewhat/mainly
democratic
What is the ultimate goal of a political party?
winning elections