POLS Finals

Since the 1930s, most African Americans have identified as

Democrats

Superdelegates

Party elites who are not bound to the voting results in their state primaries and can vote as they wish, used in Democratic Party

Grasssroots Campaign

Political campaigns that operate at the local level, often using face-to-face communication to generate interest and momentum by citizens

political action committees

Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns

Party identification

Race/Ethnicity Gender Class Religion Ideology Region Age

paid media

Televison and Radio

The Progressive movement motivated by

excessive power, corruption, and abuses of party machines and their bosses

MOST likely to be supported by the national leadership of the Democratic Party?

expanding funding for education, public spending for infrastructure, and raising taxes on the wealthy and corporations

Which of the following political officers is/are subject to recall elections?

governors and other state officials

The Republican Party is currently MOST internally divided over the issues of

immigration

Voting

is the single most important political act for most Americans

In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, election campaigns tended to be

labor intensive

Clicktivism

The digital forms of participation that require little effort and may not actually translate into offline acts of political engagement

The digital divide:

line separating citizens with internet access from those without

MOST likely to be supported by the national leadership of the Republican Party?

maintaining high levels of military spending, instituting tax relief for upper-income voters, and reducing corporate taxes

The national party conventions are important because they

make rules concerning delegate selection for future primaries and draft the party's platform

Statewide elections tend to be

media driven and capital intensive

During the early nineteenth century, the Jeffersonian Party's main base of strength was in

The south

15th Amendment

Voting rights for black men were established in the Constitution

Leadership PAC

When a politician forms a political action committee to donate campaign funds to his or her political allies

front loading

When states vie for influence by holding their nominating processes earlier

The largest single-day protest in U.S. history was the

Women's March on Washington, D.C., to protest Donald Trump's inauguration as president

party activist

not only votes but also contributes time, energy, effort, and financial resources to party affairs

Local election campaigns tend to be

organizationally driven and labor intensive

A recall effort begins with a

petition campaign

Retail politics refers to

political campaigns that operate at the local level and use face-to-face communication to generate interest and momentum among voters

Referendum

practice of referring a proposed law passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection

Third-party candidates are better off under

proportional representation

men somewhat/mainly

republican

Micro-targeting is to

send different campaign messages to different demographic groups of voters

protesting

so-called traditional form of political activity

The primary responsibility for conducting public elections rests with

state and local governments

A political party is an organization

that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

the Supreme Court ruled that the government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations or unions in support of candidates

The number of political parties there are in a country is determined primarily by

the country's electoral system and rules

Who is an incumbent?

the current officeholder running for re-election

Dealignment

the decline of partisan attachment within the electorate, the growth in the number of voters identifying themselves as independents, and the rise of split-ticket voting

The Black Lives Matter protest movement started after

the killing of Michael Brown by a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014

"King Caucus" refers to

the use of each party's congressional caucus to nominate presidential candidates during the early nineteenth century

At any given time in American politics, how many parties have tended to dominate politics?

two

Modern low voter turnout ___ percent in ____

52, 1996

Women won the right to vote in

1920

During the 1880s, as many as ________ people worked on political campaigns

2.5 million

During the colonial and early national periods of American history, suffrage was generally restricted to white males over the age of

21

United States is ranked ____ terms of voter turnout

32nd

Approximately ________ percent of Americans lack high-speed internet access in their homes.

35

The winner of the electoral college vote has NOT won the popular vote ________ time(s) in American history.

4

Currently, there are ________ states that have the legislative referendum and ________ states that provide for the initiative process.

50, 24

"Dark money" comes from

501(c)(4)s

The United States has had ________ party systems since 1789.

6

In 2016, about ________ percent of Latino Americans voted for Hillary Clinton

65

Caucus

A ________ is a meeting of a political group's members who gather to determine strategy and select candidates.

women's suffrage is MOST accurate

A number of state and territorial governments adopted women's suffrage before the federal government granted women the vote

Party Platform

A party document, written at the national convention, that contains party philosophy, principles, and policy positions

identification

An individual's psychological attachment to one party or another

Town Hall meetings

An informal public meeting in which candidates meet with ordinary citizens

Which of the following politicians was successfully recalled from office?

California governor Gray Davis (2003)

Gender Gap

Difference in political views between men and women

During the earliest years of the United States, who nominated the candidates for president?

Each party's congressional caucus controlled nominations

two-party system developed in

Eighteen century

Emerging in the late 1780s, America's first two political parties were the...

Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans

________ warned Americans against the dangers of political parties in his farewell address

George Washington

Polling

Interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population

The first caucus in the presidential primary campaign is held in ________, while the first primary election in the presidential primary campaign is held in ________.

Iowa, New Hampshire

The ________ Party originated from internal mobilization

Jeffersonian

Solid support for the Republican Party currently comes from the

South and Mountain West

In order to win the presidency, a candidate must win

at least 270 electoral votes

The 1965 Voting Rights Act

authorized the federal government to register voters in states that discriminated against minority citizens

Early presidential primaries and caucuses are more important because they

can help a candidate secure media attention and financial support

Top-two primary system the

candidates from all parties run against one another and the top two face each other in the general election

Free media

coverage of a candidate's campaign by the news media

women somewhat/mainly

democratic

What is the ultimate goal of a political party?

winning elections