Pompeii Rome
Location - Climate
Location - Climate Perfect climate for farming Crops included wheat, corn, grapes, olives Good raising of livestock
Civilization
Resource E: - Civilization Structured Government: Highest class - wealthy Lowest class - slaves (slaves were captured during times of war)
Civilization
Resource E: - Civilization The city of Pompeii was very progressive and the lifestyle of the citizens was dedicated to pleasure, arts and music - including cooking
History
Resource E: - History Two cities were destroyed by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius: Pompeii and Herculaneum on 24 August , AD 79
History
Resource E: History Many emperors and wealthy citizens had their summer homes in Pompeii The city of Pompeii was dedicated to the Roman Goddess Venus
History
Resource E: History Pompeii was a center of commerce and one of the wealthier Roman cities
History
Resource E: History Pompeii's harbor was one of the finest in the world The trade from the harbor in Pompeii made the people very wealthy
History
Resource E: History The population of Pompeii at the time of its destruction had over 20,000 inhabitants
History
Resource E: History The city of Pompeii was dedicated to pleasure Cooking was an art form in Pompeii The views and scenery from Pompeii's location were majestic and drew in many wealthy citizens
Location - Geography
Resource E: Location - Geography Mt. Vesuvius is a composite volcano
Location - Geography
Resource E: Location - Geography The eruption that destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum was one of ash and rock
Location - Geography
Resource E: Location - Geography Volcanos rumble prior to erupting as a warning but the citizens did not hear and/or understand the warning
Location - Geography
Resource E: Location Geography Composite volcanos produce two types of eruptions: one with lava and smoke or ash and rock
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource F: Destruction of Pompeii According to Pliny, the reaction of the people caught unaware was one of panic and uncertainty and is shown by the skeletons found in both Pompeii and Herculaneum. Skeletons of people in mid-flight trying to flee the city.
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource F: Destruction of Pompeii Even though it was customary and normal practice to rebuild and reoccupy sites of cities destroyed, neither Pompeii nor Herculaneum was reoccupied due to the traumatic nature of the event.
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource F: Destruction of Pompeii Thanks to an eye-witness account of Pliny, the Younger, a Roman administrator and poet, we have an understanding of what happened.
Archeological Discovery
Resource G - Archeological Discovery Civita was found in 1748 but the actual finds of methods used to uncover and preserve the finds wasn't modified and perfected until 1863 when Giuseppe Fiorelli directed the excavation.
Archeological Discovery
Resource G - Archeological Discovery Everything was preserved, paintings, sculptures, furniture, jewelry, tools and even food. Victims were also preserved by ash.
Archeological Discovery
Resource G - Archeological Discovery Fiorelli, instead of uncovering the streets first in order to excavate the houses began uncovering the houses from the top down. This was a better way of preserving everything that was discovered.
Archeological Discovery
Resource G - Archeological Discovery Many areas are still to be uncovered in Pompeii. Today, 44 of the 66 hectares of urban area are visible.
Archeological Discovery
Resource G - Archeological Discovery Pompeii at its rediscovery had not been seen for more than 1,700 years.
Archeological Discovery
Resource G - Archeological Discovery Pompeii looked like it did the day it was destroyed the same as it did when it was uncovered.
Archeological Discovery
Resource G - Archeological Discovery The Spanish engineer named Racque de Alcubierre rediscovered Pompeii.
Archeological Discovery
Resource G - Archeological Discovery The stone that destroyed Pompeii also preserved it.
Archeological Discovery
Resource G: - Archeological Discovery Organic matter was preserved under the ash
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource G: Destruction of Pompeii It was discovered that the city wasn't destroyed but rather buried
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource G: Destruction of Pompeii Mt. Vesuvius covered the town in tons of pumice and volcanic ash and was a disaster that remained in people's minds for many years but was eventually forgotten until the archeological expedition of an area called "Civita" in 1748.
Civilization
Resource E: - Civilization Pompeii's population 20,000 (at the time of the eruption)
Location Geography
Resource A and D: Location - Geography Located near the Sarno River and the Bay of Naples providing an excellent source of water source and the sea for trade and commerce
Location - Geography
Resource A and D: Location - Geography Located on a plateau of ancient lava deposits providing fertile ground, southwest of Mt. Vesuvius
Location - Geography
Resource A and D: Location - Geography Pompeii had a beautiful landscape.
Location - Geography
Resource A and D: Location - Geography Pompeii was located on the lush, green hillside of Mt. Vesuvius
Location - Geography
Resource A and D: Location - Geography Pompeii's siting overlooks the Mediterranean Sea
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource A: Destruction of Pompeii Blazing fires burned down many of the magnificent building and fire and falling rock killed many of the citizens
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource A: Destruction of Pompeii Over 10,000 people were killed on that day. Ash lay over the city like a blanket - tons of ash and pumice fell on Pompeii
Entering Pompeii
Resource A: Entering Pompeii Newcomers to Pompeii were impressed by the beautiful blue skies, grand harbor, impressive villas, Mediterranean shore, mild, sunny climate and conveniences of a town in country surroundings.
Location - Climate
Resource A: Location - Climate Typical mild Mediterranean climate Warm, hot summers and cold, wet winters
Status
Resource A: Status The perception of Pompeii from outside civilizations was very well regarded
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource B: Destruction of Pompeii The citizens of Herculaneum saw the smoke and did not react until it was too late for them as well as both cities were completely covered by volcanic ash.
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource B: Destruction of Pompeii The eruption occurred on 24 August, AD 79
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource B: Destruction of Pompeii The volcano spewed ash, rock and cinders and lava slid down the hills covering the entire city and catching the people unaware as they went about their day to day activities
Destruction of Pompeii
Resource B: Destruction of Pompeii There were very few survivors of Pompeii The remains of thousands of bodies have been found buried and preserved.
Location - Geography Ancient Pompeii
Resource B: Location - Geography Pompeii is located in present day Italy. 6 miles from Mt. Vesuvius The Bay of Naples is southwest of Pompeii
Location - Present Day
Resource B: Location - Present Day Today Pompeii's siting is situated by Campania, Italy
Site Description
Resource B: Site Description Court for Gladiators Thriving marketplace Sidewalks The streets were made of asphalt and concealed the sewers
Site Description -
Resource B: Site Description The city had a large forum in its center There were many public baths with their own central heating system - indoor running water The city had an aqueduct system for water and sewer
Site Description
Resource B: Site Description The city had both a small and large theatre Numerous Temples: Temple of Jupiter, Venus, Isis and Apollo
Site Description
Resource D: Site Description The city was enclosed by two miles of walls encompassing 9 hectares or 23 acres. The city itself extended beyond the walls with suburbs and farmlands
Site Description
Resource D: Site Description The town of Pompeii was laid out in a circle The circumference was approximately two miles There were eight entrances/grand gates accessed by main roadways
Destruction of Pompeii
The account is that the Romans treated all the warning signs of the eruption as a curiosity instead of a true warning. Pliny, the Younger, ultimately describes the devastation of the eruption and of his family's escape.