POS110 Ch5
The 1964 Civil Rights Act banned...
Discrimination in public accomodations
How many Asian Americans currently serve in Congress?
12
In which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated student's constitutional right to equal protection under the law?
2007
According to United States government statistics, roughly ______ percent of Black children live in poverty, compared to ______ percent of white children
35; 12
Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of Black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely Black.
95
Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?
A state requires separate public bathrooms for Black and white people. Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections.
As part of what movement did advocates for women's suffrage (voting rights) become active on a large scale?
Abolitionist movement
The Supreme Court decision in what case led many affirmative action opponents to believe that the Court may have been on its way to abolishing affirmative action completely?
Adarand v. Peña
Which policy requires the federal government to implement measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?
Affirmative action
In the unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court found that segregated schools made Black students feel like they had ______ in the community and were thus "inherently unequal." Multiple choice question.
An inferior status
Which statement best describes the political engagement of most Asian Americans in the 1960s?
Asian Americans were not politically active to any great extent
Following the end of the Civil War, all of the following barriers were used by states to limit the right to vote of newly freed slaves, EXCEPT
Black Primaries
Which of the following was the 1954 landmark case that ended segregation in public schools?
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?
California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively
Which of the following accurately describes Native Americans today?
Casino gambling has raised Native Americans' average income level, but it is still far below the national average. They are less than half as likely as other Americans to have completed college.
Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?
Cesar Chavaz
Native Americans were not considered to be ______ until 1924
Citizens
Which term refers to the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments?
Civil rights
Which type of discrimination is based on the law?
De jure discrimination
What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?
Discrimination
What took the heaviest toll on the Native American population after white settlers arrived in what is now the United States?
Disease
Asian Americans emphasize Blank______ as a means of achieving upward mobility
Education
Which proposed amendment to the Constitution was passed by the Congress in the early 1970s but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?
Equal rights amendment (ERA)
True or false: Asian Americans are well represented in managerial positions in the technology industry
False
True or false: The idea that "all men are created equal," as stated in the Declaration of Independence, has always been understood to include all people in the United States
False
In Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of ______ classifications even though such classifications need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income
Gender
Who was the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party?
Geraldine Ferraro
This condition of voting stated that an individual was exempt from paying poll taxes or taking literacy tests if their grandfathers had the right to vote prior to 1965
Grandfather clause
Which sociologist authored the book An American Dilemma?
Gunnar Myrdal
How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?
He did not believe there was a precise meaning
In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.
Indian Civil Rights Act
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 entail?
It banned discriminatory voter registration practices. It allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against Black voters.
Within the past 10 years, Supreme Court decisions have expanded LGBTQ rights in which of the following ways?
LGBTQ couples now have the right to marry throughout the United States. LGBTQ people are now protected from job discrimination under the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Which of the following accurately describes women and poverty?
Many single-parent working women without college degrees or special skills find that their wages cannot cover child-care expenses. Single-parent women who work in nonprofessional fields are particularly vulnerable to poverty. Most single-parent families are headed by women and one in four of those live below the poverty line.
About half of all Hispanics in the United States were born in...
Mexico or have Mexican ancestry
Which of the following statements about affirmative action are true?
Most Americans support programs to give equal treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically. Most Americans oppose programs that give preferential treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically.
In a 1930s Supreme Court case that challenged the application of the separate-but-equal doctrine, the Court ruled that Blacks ______ public facilities reserved for whites in those cases where they didn't have separate facilities.
Must be allowed to use
Which of the following Native American nations have a majority who speak native languages at home?
Navajo and Pueblo
Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?
Obergefell v. Hodges
About ______ single-parent families, which are usually headed by women, live below the poverty line.
One in four
Which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?
Reasonable basis test
At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as Blank______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large Black populations
Redlining
In a 1947 case, the Supreme Court ruled that because they had no law school for Black students, the University of Oklahoma was ______ to admit Ada Sipuel to its law school
Required
Which president appointed the first woman to the Supreme Court?
Ronald Reagan
Which of the following are among the legacies of the practice of redlining?
Segregated neighborhoods still exist. Hispanics and African Americans still have difficulty obtaining mortgages (compared to whites).
According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of...
Suspect classifications
Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?
The average pay for women workers is only 82 percent of the amount earned by male workers. Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men.
In 1972, Native Americans organized a caravan titled the ______ that journeyed from California to Washington, DC, to protest federal policy
Trail of Broken Treaties
True or false: The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned segregation in public accommodations such as restaurants and movie theaters, is based on Congress's power to regulate commerce
True
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute was unconstitutional?
United States v. Virginia
The Supreme Court decision in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) ______ affirmative action
Upheld
What law, passed in 1965, removed certain barriers to voting, including the Grandfather Clause, the literacy test, and the poll tax?
Voting rights act
Southern states used a number of devices to prevent African Americans from voting, including which of the following?
White only primaries, poll tax, literacy test
Despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which African Americans have made significant gains is in...
Winning elective office
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 classified which of the following as legally protected groups?
Women and minorities
The promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?
been foundational in legal decisions given moral strength to diverse movements inspired a hope for eventual equality
The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ______ education in their public schools.
bilingual
The type of discrimination in which, despite legal protections, traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice is...
de facto discrimination
In order to expand employment opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups, the federal government requires agencies and businesses that receive federal funds or contracts to...
establish policies aimed at ensuring that all job applicants are treated fairly
The law refers to the rights of individuals; however,...
groups more often fight for civil rights
According to today's statistics, Asian Americans are underrepresented in which of the following areas?
holding high-level political office holding the top position in corporations
Legislation from the 1960s and 1970s prohibits discrimination in hiring against older workers for...
jobs in which age is not an important factor in job performance
What accounts for the fact that Hispanics are healthier and have a longer life expectancy than would be predicted based on their education and income levels?
their family structure
What are comparable worth policies?
those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education
In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians...
were an inferior people
What demographic group is most likely to support same-sex marriage?
younger adults