POSHER PRAMS and sentence types for Paper 1, Question 2

Compound sentence

A compound sentence is one in which you join two simple sentences together. Often we use the (FANBOYS) conjunction words: FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SO to do this. e.g. Tommy loved his car and polished it every day. Used to build up detail.

Metaphor

A figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't literally true, but helps to explain an idea or make a comparison e.g. her eyes are dazzling diamonds

Rhetorical Question

A question that is asked for effect rather than an answer e.g. who wants to look at something like that?

Simple sentence

A simple sentence is one which contains only one piece of information, or tells us only one thing. It has one verb e.g. Tommy loved his car. Used to create tension or urgency.

Onomatopoeia

A word that mimics the sound of the object or action it refers to e.g. crash to add interest and action to make it engaging to the senses. It can also create suspense and tension.

verbs (word classes)

Action/doing words e.g. jumping, screaming. Used to create action.

Pathetic Fallacy

Attributing human qualities and feelings to inanimate objects of nature e.g. the angry clouds to set the scene in order to create mood/atmosphere and/or to foreshadow.

Simile

Comparing one thing to another using the words 'like' or 'as' e.g. eyes dazzling like diamonds to create imagery

adverbs (word classes)

Describes how the action/verb is performed e.g. ran QUICKLY. Used for imagery and to create mood.

Adjectives (word classes)

Describing words e.g. dazzling, beautiful whites. Used for imagery to build detail and helps to create atmosphere/tone.

Hyperbole

Exaggerated statements e.g. there are millions of wrappers on the floor to create a strong impression/evoke strong feelings for dramatic or comical effect

Noun (word classes)

Names a person, place, thing, or idea e.g. Connor, London, phone, happiness so we learn the main character, setting or idea of a piece.

Symbolism

One thing is used to represent something else. Symbolism helps create meaning and emotion in a story using metaphors or allegory where the action of a character, words or events have a deeper meaning in the context of a story e.g. "All the world's a stage..." This symbolises that people are putting on a show.

Repetition

Repeating a word/phrase or idea in order to reinforce/emphasis e.g. effort...effort..effort is key

Personification

The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human e.g. the trees were fluttering and dancing in the breeze. This is to emphazise a point or to help paint a mental picture.

Alliteration

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words e.g. sweet birds sing to create mood, atmosphere or tone (soft/harsh)

Complex sentence

Used to put across more detailed ideas. A complex sentence contains one main clause that can make sense on its own, and one or more minor clauses that are linked to it. e.g. When I arrived the big dog barked.

Emotive Language

Words or phrases deliberately used to evoke a specific emotional response e.g the defenceless kittens were crammed into the box