POSI 5
set up and run their own campaign organizations
Today, political candidates tend to
regulatory agencies
capture theory argues that ____ sometimes focus more on the needs of industries than on the public interest
third parties that break off from one of the two dominant parties are known as
factional parties
-much longer, and complex than they were historically
modern campaigns for high office
politcal system is made up of at least three parties
multiparty
-primary
An election in which voters chose the party's nominees is call a ___ election
since the great depression which partys agenda has included a strong commitment to provide a safety net for the most vulnerable members of society?
Democratic
-election of U.S. Senators -voter registration
State parties are involved with which of the following activities
T/F: voter turnout decreased in the United States once states enacted registration laws around 1900
True
main opposition to the democratic party in the 1830s and the 1840s was the ___ party, which eventually died out
Whig
free rider
a free rider derives a benefit without contributing to its achievement
differences in which of the following are factors that influence voter participation
age, education, sense of duty
build support among voters
all party organizations have a responsibility to
candidates must consistently work to raise funds
because of the increasing cost of political campaigns
the limit on corporate and union spending in federal elections
citizens united v. federal election commission involved which issue affecting interest groups
-congressional committees -executive agencies -interest groups
components of an iron triangle
what were the two competitive political parties during the first party system?
democratic-republicans, federalists
which of the following groups are currently most likely part of the deomcratic coalition
elderly african americans union members
-primary elections -candidate centered campaigns
factors contributed to the weakening of party organizations
following factors are said to adversely affect voter turnout in the United States
frequent elections, voter registration laws
the fact that more white women than white men vote for the democratic party is an example of a ___ gap
gender gap
The national organization for women
groups is an example of a citizens group
citizens who are party identifiers have __ levels of voter turnout rates than those who identify as independents
higher
although some people believe it is insignificant, which of the following may result if IDs were not required for voting
increased fraud
political action committee
interest group whose main goal is to raise and spend money to influence the outcome of elections
-faced legislative hurdles -a low chance of achieving their goals through elected officials
interest groups tend to rely on the courts to advance their policy goals when they have
-engaging in public relations -lobbying -making campaign contributions
legal tactics used by interest groups to influence policymakers
which of the following groups has the highest rate of voter turnout
middle aged people from the upper class
what law did congress enact in 1993 to allow people to register to vote when applying for a drivers license
motor voter
interest group
organization that seeks to influence government decision making is referred to as an
-using televised advertising to promote a groups position -grassroots letter writing campaigns
outside stategy
functions of a political party
parties endeavor to represent a majority -parties seek to govern
open primary system
permits all registered voters, regardless of party affiliation, to vote in a primary election
candidate-centered
political parties and their ability to control politics in the United states have been weakened by ______-centered campaigns
information that supports the groups policy positions
rather than using threats, interest groups tend to influence lawmakers by providing them with
a permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is known as a party
realignment
television ads
single expenditure accounts for the most spending on U.S. political campaigns
third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as
single issue parties
Which of the following voting blocs was largey notable for its migration to the republican party during the 1980s
southern whites
-gathering voter opinions -advising on how to run a successful campaign -production of promotional materials
statements sum up the various functions of political consultants?
Which of the following are true of the hispanic voters in the United States
they lean heavily toward the democratic party -Hispanics tend to be liberal on economic issues and conservative on social issues
economic interest groups
to secure material benefits for their members
-media producers -campaign strategists -polisters
today's political campaigns rely on which of the following to be succesful
which of these groups vote at above average rates
upper income americans, college educated individuals
suffrage is the right to
vote
retrospective
voting for a candidate's past performance rather than future promises is an example of what is called ___ voting
-pursuing wealthy patrons -raising funds
which of the following are part of the money chase of politics
trade association
which type of interest group represents business firms of a particular kind, such as insurance companies
-national chair
who oversees the day-to-day operations of the political partys national organization?
what are the major political parties in the United States?
-democratic party -republican party
Which of the following are true of grassroots parties
They are open to all citizens They operate at the local level
which of the following statements describe how U.S campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered
candidates organize their own campaigns -the same parties are represented nationwide
since the 1980s, which group has voted most strongly for the republican party
fundamentalist christians
corporate interests
interest group system tends to work primarily in favor of
democrats
labor group political action committees typically favor contributing to which of the following groups
citizens interest group
the type of interest group that addresses issues of concern to the general public and not just the groups members is called a ____ interest group
government workers
type of workers make up an increasing share of union workers
even if a third party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed?
-encouraged the major parties to address issues introduced by the third party -drawn attention to an issue previously ignored by the other two major candidates
In terms of percentage of the presidential popular vote, the most successful twentieth century third parties was the __party
Bull Moose Party
which president was elected under his promise that he would do something about the great depression
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Which party benefitted from the 1896 realignment, which was triggered by an economic depression following a banking crisis under President Grover Cleveland
Republican Party
countries with multiparty system tend to have what kind of electoral system
a proportional-representation system
current election laws in the United States favor
a two-party system
which of the following refers to a total lack of interest, such as a total lack of interest in politics
apathy
more
compared with europeans, americans are ____ likely to belong to a voluntary group or association
-increased the importance of money in political campaigns -made it easier for political newcomers to win high office
the rise of candidate centered campaigns has
which amendment to the US constitution extended voting rights to eighteen-years-old?
the twenty-sixth amendment
False
true/false: local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines
american farm bureau
which group represents the largest agricultural interest group in the US today?
-to raise money for congressional campaigns -to seek media coverage of party positions and activities -to raise money for presidential campaigns
which of the following are roles that national political parties have?
-focus of the campaign -amount of money required -length of the campaign
which of the following characteristics of political campaigns have undergone change?
interest groups are important to bringing the concerns of groups of individuals to the attention of government
which of the following represents a shared view of pluralists and their critics
consumer
which type of interest group is not classified as an economic interest group
incumbents
who typically benefits the most from interest group
because contributing to candidates campaigns can help gain access for interest group lobbyists
why do many interest groups form political action committees (PACs)
which of the following are considered ways in which third parties can impact the american political process?
-they draw attention to issues that are not getting much attention from the two major parties -they give voters who are dissatisfied with the candidates from the two major parties a third option to vote for -they can influence electoral outcomes in a closely contested election between the two dominant party candidates
which amendment to the constitution granted women the right to vote
19th amendment
issue network
A __________ is comprised of various actors that all have interest and expertise in a particular policy issue even though they may disagree on what the outcome should be
-lobbying a politician -giving policy-relevant information to a politician
Inside strategy
How did many of the founders of the United States view politcal parties?
They viewed parties with suspicsion
-contact prospective voters on Election day -rely on organizations to spread the word
how do candidates encourage people to vote on election day
what type of third party is highly organized around a framework concerning the nature and role of government in society
idealogically oriented parties
the condition of the economy
in-party chances of staying in power has historically depended primarily on
interest group strategy that includes face-to-face meetings with legislators
inside lobbying
what purpose does party competition serve in american politics
it allows groups of voters to act in unison -it narrows down options for voters
what tactics were used to disenfranchise african american voters in the post-civil way south despite the passage of the fifteenth amendment
literacy tests, publicized lists of voters
senior citizens in the United States have a ___ rate of voter turnout than the voters under the age of 30 do
much higher
providing a form of representation for organized groups
one of the positive contributions that interest groups make is
public
outside lobbying is aimed at bringing ____ pressure to bear on policymakers
a reason politcal parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that
politcal parties provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence
James Madison
political leader wrote that the government must dilute the influence of the factions and interest groups by filtering their views through properly structured governing instittuitions
many voters cast a ____, where they only vote for candidates of one party
straight ticket
-the separation of powers provides numerous points of access for interest groups to try to influence policy makers -the tradition of people joining together encourages them to look to interest groups as a way of influencing policy makers, -free speech ad association means for few legal barriers to interest groups
the US provides a favorable environment for interest groups because
packaging
the highlighting of candidates attributes is called
members of congress - electoral support interest group - beneficial policy decisions federal agency - support for their administrative programs
triangle members benefit
which of the following voting restrictions increases the burden on citizens who move frequently
voter registration requirements
The proportion of eligible adult citizens who actually vote in a given election is known as
voter turnout
forming a political action committee (PAC)
which of the following would be considered an electoral action strategy
-having group members send letters to their legislators -creating public service announcements to be aired on television -organizing a protest on the steps of congress
would be considered outside lobbying activities used by interest groups?
which of the following groups has the highest rate of voter turnout
young people with college experience
primary elections
contributed to the decline of the old system of party organizations
as a means of getting campaign contributions from small donors
the internet has proven itself to be superior to televised political advertising
relatively independent, that is each level does not have much control over the others
the national, state, and location organizations of the republican and Democratic parties are
-it is money given directly to a candidate -it can be spent as the recipient chooses -it is subject to legal limits
true about political contributions called hard money
an independent expenditure only committee
what is a super PAC
agriculture
which type of interest group is classified as an economic type
-the importance of religion -the prominence of public education -a tradition of free association
which of the following are considered reasons for Americans broad participation in groups, such as volunteer organization?
-they can support controversial issues that lawmakers often avoid -they broaden the range of issues that lawmaking address
which of the following statements are true concerning interest groups