post -34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 pre -39,

For adults who experience a fall, consider immediate transport to a trauma center with falls greater than: (2098)

20 feet

When providing an oral hydration solution to a patient with suspected heat exhaustion, you should ensure that the solution has more than what percentage of carbohydrates? (2180)

6%

Exertional heatstroke is more likely to occur when relative humidity rises above: (2181)

75%

A flail chest is characterized by: (2062)

A free floating segment of fractured ribs

Which of the following is the most significant complication associated with a fractured nasal bone? (1944)

Posterior epistaxis

Compartment syndrome occurs when: (2142)

Pressure in the fascial compartment leads to impaired circulation, sensory changes, and progressive muscle death

when an object impaled in the cheek interferes with airway latency, you should: (1941)

Promptly remove the object and control bleeding

Upon assessing a patient, you find that they have scapular fracture. Based on this finding, you should also assess for: (2122)

Pulmonary contusions

While palpating an extremity, you note a pulsatile expanding hematoma, diminished distal pulses, and a palpable thrill over the site of the injury that correlates with the patients heartbeat. You recognize that these are signs of: (2131)

An arterial injury

Thermoregulation is a function of the: (2172)

Anterior hypothalamus

Which of the following medications is known to increase a persons risk for heat related illness? (2176)

Antihistamines

A 32 year old patient has paradoxical movement of the chest wall and penetrating trauma. What is your most immediate priority in treating this patient? (2058)

Apply a vented chest seal to the injury

What is a concern when a patient with maxillofacial trauma has blood in the oropharynx? (1942)

Aspiration

If musculoskeletal injuries in the extremities are suspected, you should assess for which of the following before and after any manipulation as well as frequently during transport? (2128)

Circulatory changes

The best way to detect deformity or any other abnormality in an injured extremity is to: (2125)

Compare to the extremity on the opposite side

Which signs or symptoms may be the first manifestation of hypovolemia and hemodynamic compromise in a patient with suspected hemorrhage? (2098)

Confusion

which of the following signs or symptoms is usually the first clue to the presence of a maxillofacial fracture? (1941)

Ecchymosis

When treating a patient with a suspected pulmonary contusion, it is important to use caution when administering IV fluids because: (2075)

Edema may exacerbate the injury

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing a stress fracture? (2122)

Endocrine dysfunction

All patients with a presumptive diagnosis of a pneumothorax should be considered to be in unstable condition and reassessed at which frequency for worsening dyspnea, tachycardia, and the development of JVD? (2060)

Every 5 minutes

Signs and symptoms of retinal detachment include: (1949)

Flashing lights, specks, or floaters in the field of vision

The abdomen extends superiorly to the level of the: (2092)

Fourth intercostal space

which of the following statements regarding frostbite is correct? (2184)

Frostbite is a superficial, partial thickness, or full thickness ischemic injury

An increase in core body temperature due to inadequate thermolysis is called: (2176)

Heat illness

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of injury to the genitourinary tract? (2103)

Hematuria

A 50 year old patient who experienced blunt trauma to the chest presents with absent breath sounds on their left side, unequal chest rise, pulsus paradoxes, jugular venous distention, and a narrow pulse pressure. You recognize that these are symptoms of a: (2069)

Hemopneumothorax

Percussion of a patients chest can help you to assess for: (2058)

Hyperresonance

Which of the following conditions occur following blunt trauma to the eye and may seriously impair vision? (1948)

Hyphema

Which of the following factors decreases a patients ability to produce heat? (2188)

Hypothyroidism

Altitude illness is a problem caused by: (2208)

Hypoxia due to low atmospheric pressures

Which of the following statements regarding a pericardial tamponade is correct? (2070)

In a pericardial tamponade, blood collects between the visceral and parietal pericardium

A 45 year old patient who fell off a ladder reports that they landed on their feet. Upon assessing the patient, you suspect a pelvic fracture. Which type of injury did the patient experience? (2121)

Indirect

When examining the conjunctivae of a patient with an eye injury, you should evaluate for which of the following? (1951)

Inflammation

Most abdominal injuries: (2095)

Involve blunt trauma

In contrast to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis: (2159)

Is a systemic inflammatory disease that affects joints and other body systems

A perforated tympanic membrane: (1956)

Is extremely painful but typically heals spontaneously

When assessing a patient with a crushing abdominal injury, injury to which of the following organs is associated with the greatest amount of hemorrhage? (2096)

Liver

The likelihood of significant intra abdominal injury is high when a patient has which of the following injuries or conditions? (2096)

Major chest injury

You arrive at the scene of a motorcycle crash and find the rider lying supine approximately 20 feet from his bike he is still wearing his helmet. As you approach him, you note that he is bilaterally deformed femurs. You should: (2128)

Manually stabilize his head and assess his airway

A young man was assaulted and has extensive maxillofacial injuries. Your primary assessment reveals that he is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and has blood draining from the corner of his mouth. Initial management for this patient involves: (1962)

Manually stabilizing his head in a neutral position, suctioning his oropharynx, and assisting ventilations with a bag mask device and 100% oxygen

What membranous tissue functions as the point of attachment for the various abdominal organs? (2103)

Mesentery

Classic heatstroke is most likely to be diagnosed in a patient with which of the following symptoms or characteristic? (2181)

Moist skin that is paler than baseline tone

Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct? (2211)

Most lightning related injuries occur when the person is standing near an object that is struck

A 68 year old patient reports pain in their extremities and minor nausea after playing tennis. What is your first priority? (2178)

Move the patient to a cool environment

If blood flow is not restored quickly to the eye of a patient with central retinal artery occlusion, which of the following may occur? (1949)

Necrosis of the retina

When blood is released into the peritoneal cavity: (2106)

Nonspecific signs such as tachycardia and hypotension may occur

What type of fracture occurs at an angle across the bone and is typically caused by direct or twisting force? (2124)

Oblique

The appendicular skeleton is composed of the: (2120)

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and bones of the extremities

Anatomically, the abdominal cavity extends from the: (2090)

Diaphragm to the pelvis

The Hymenoptera family of insects usually cause death secondary to: (2213)

Anaphylaxis

When treating a patient experiencing a suspected heat stroke, continue cooling efforts until the patients core body temperature decreases to less than: (2181)

102.2 F

Cullen sign and Grey Turner sign are typically found how many hours after the initial intra-abdominal injury? (2104)

12 to 24 hours

For any patient with breathing problems or suffering from shock, you should administer oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask at: (2058)

15 L/min

Closed bilaterally fractured femurs can result in internal blood loss of up to: (2135)

1500 mL

Hypoxia and hypovolemia are major contributors to poor outcomes following trauma and can have devastating effects within how many minutes of onset? (1938)

4 to 6 minutes

Heat therapy should generally be avoided how many hours after a musculoskeletal injury because it may increase pain and swelling during this period? (2135)

48 to 72 hours

When indicated, you should administer oxygen to maintain an oxygen saturation of at least which value when treating pregnant patients? (2103)

94%

When responding to incidents involving trauma to the face, you should use supplemental oxygen to maintain the patients oxygen saturation at or above which level? (1937)

94%

A lack of jugular venous distention (JVD) in the supine position combined with tachycardia and altered mental status may suggest: (2059)

A hypovolemic state

Cyanosis in a patient with thoracic trauma is a good indication of: (2057)

A problem with ventilation

Immediate pain from the heel to the calf and a sudden inability for plantar flexion of the foot is MOST indicative of: (2158)

Achilles tendon rupture

In females, a decrease in bone density is accelerated: (2121)

After menopause

Pneumothorax is most accurately defined as: (2066)

Air or gas within the pleural cavity

The primary risk associated with oral and dental injuries is: (1957)

Airway compromise

Which of the following clinical findings is most suggestive of inadequate oxygenation? (2058)

Altered mental status

Which of the following is the most common symptom of superficial frostbite? (2185)

Altered sensation

Which of the following statements regarding diaphragmatic injury is correct? (2081)

Because the diaphragm is protected by the liver on the right side, most diaphragmatic injuries caused by blunt force trauma occur on the left side

Which of the following statements regarding freshwater and saltwater drownings is correct? (2195)

Both freshwater and saltwater can lead to pulmonary injuries

Which type of fracture is unique to children and is most commonly seen in the distal radius? (2124)

Buckle

Hypotension and distended neck veins in the presence of normal lung sounds, combined with an appropriate history, suggests: (2076)

Cardiac tamponade

Any patient with significant head injury should be evaluated for the presence of: (1944)

Cervical spine injury

A 59-year-old construction worker collapsed on the job and fell into a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic, and has a 12-inch steel rod impaled in his epigastrium. As your partner and an emergency medical responder begin CPR, you should: (2105)

Control any external bleeding, stabilize the rod in place with bulky dressings, apply the cardiac monitor and start at least one large bore iV en route to the hospital

A 36 year old female was sexually assaulted and is experiencing intense pain. Your assessment reveals several open lacerations to her vaginal area and a painful distended abdomen. Her blood pressure is 86/50 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, you should: (2113)

Cover her open wounds with sterile dressings, establish at least one large bore IV and administer IV fluid

General care for an eye injury involves: (1952)

Covering both eyes to minimize further injury

Upon palpating the clavicle of a patient with a suspected fracture, you hear a faint grating sound. You identify this as: (2126)

Crepitus

Upon palpitation of the chest of a patient with a suspected flail segment, you would expect to note which of the following findings? (2064)

Crepitus and tenderness

A patient may be diagnosed with heatstroke if they present with which of the following symptoms? (2177)

Delirium and/or seizures

Generalized abdominal pain following rupture of a hollow organ is most suggestive of: (2099)

Diffuse peritoneal contamination

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the muscles that cause motion of the eyeballs and upper eyelids? (1934)

Oculomotor

Isolated musculoskeletal injuries: (2119)

Often result in short or long term disability

A 71 year old man slipped on wet grass and landed on his left side. He denies losing consciousness before or after the fall and is presently conscious and alert. He complains of pain to his left hip and in his neck. Your assessment reveals a hematoma to the left side of his head and an external rotation and shortening of his left leg. His vital signs are stable. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes: (2151)

Oxygen if hypoxemia, spinal motion restriction precautions, an IV line of normal saline, stabilization of his hip with pillows, fentanyl if needed, and transport

When you are caring for a patient with suspected internal trauma to the genitourinary tract, which of the following should you do first? (2100)

Palpate peripheral and central pulses for rate, regularity and quality

Prior to splinting the injured extremity of a patient, you should: (2136)

Remove the patients clothing to maximize visualization of the injured area

A conscious but combative patient with severe facial trauma is fully immobilized on a backboard. During your assessment, the patient begins coughing up large amounts of blood. You suction her orapharynx, but her mouth quickly refills with blood. What should you do? (1958)

Roll the backboard on its side, suction her oropharynx, and prepare to perform pharmacologically assisted intubation

Fournier gangrene is a potential complication associated with: (2112)

Scrotal lacerations

Proper treatment for an open wound to the neck with venous bleeding includes: (1960)

Sealing the wound with an occlusive dressing

Traumatic injuries to the aorta are most commonly the result of: (2078)

Shearing forces

When a patient presents with fractures of the lower rib cage, you should suspect injuries to the: (9)

Spleen and/or liver

A 38 year old patient is found lying in the snow. Upon assessment, you are unable to find a pulse. What should you do first? (2191)

Start CPR

Open soft tissue facial trauma following a significant mechanism of injury: (1941)

Suggests that the patient may have closed head injury or spinal injury

What type of chest injury is characterized by air accumulation in the pleural space when a perforation in the lung parenchyma acts as a one way valve? (2069)

Tension pneumothorax

Which of the following statements regarding the thorax is correct? (2054)

The diaphragm inserts into the anterior thoracic cage below the fifth rib

During saturation diving: (2199)

The diver remains at depth for prolonged periods of time

Intra abdominal bleeding may produce few signs and symptoms of trauma because: (2095)

The intra abdominal cavity can accommodate large amounts of blood

In general, patients suspected of having a partial tracheal tear should be managed with: (2061)

The least invasive airway techniques possible

When treating a patient experiencing deep frostbite, it is important not to attempt rewarming in the field if which of the following is true? (2186)

There is a possibility of refreezing

Ribs four through nine are the most commonly fractured because: (2065)

They are less protected by other bony and muscular structures

Upon assessing a 72 year old patient who fell down the steps, you note that they have a distended and tender abdomen. Your priority is to: (2105)

Treat for shock and transport immediately

In situations where the environment is a factor, the most accurate means of determining a persons core temperature is to: (2173)

Use of rectal thermometer that is capable of measuring extremes of temperature

Which of the following is the most important symptom that may indicate damage to the globe or to the optic nerve? (1951)

Visual loss