Practical Application of Classical Conditioning
genetically based on predisposition within a species to learn certain kinds of associations more easily than others
preparedness
increase is one's reactivity to a potentially fearful similes following exposure to an unrelated stressful event
selective sensitization
A CS that elicits one type of response is associated with an event that elicits an incompatible response
Counterconditioning
Who had a boy named Peter (2 years old) who had a fear of rabbits and gave cookies?
Mary Cover Jones
Who was a student of Watson's who treated phobias
Mary Cover Jones
Are all phobias acquired through a direct process of classical conditioning?
No - many people cannot remember a conditioning event
Reduce drinking --> emetic --> alcohol
Pairing: emetic and alcohol US: emetic CS: alcohol
We fear conditioning is typically _____.
adaptive
initial onset when emotionally upset or illness
agoraphobia
strengthening of a conditioned fear response as a result of a brief exposure of the aversive of CS
incubation
How is it beneficial to understand phobias?
to motivate us to avoid danger
Albert was conditioned to the _____ and generalized it to a rabbit, fur, dog, Santa Claus mask
rat
Who as assoicated with systematic desensitization
Joseph Wolpe
Who had cats shocked in experimental chamber and had fearful of chamber, and would not eat in chamber?
Joseph Wolpe
What are two examples of temperament?
1. genetically determined 2. person specific
exposure to a US of a different intensity than that used during conditioning can alter the strength of the response to a previously conditioned CS
US Revaluation
involved prolonged exposures to a feared stimulus
flooding
history of being able to control important events in one's environment
history of control
individual's base level of emotionally and reactivity to stimulation
temperament
Observing fearful reaction in others
observational learning
pairing relaxation with a succession of stimuli that elicit increasing levels of fear
systematic desensitization