PRACTICE QUESTIONS (LIFE SCIENCE 1: CELL STRUCTURES)

When does differentiation begin in a human embryo? A) Day 4-5 B) Day 10 C) Day 25-26 D) Day 50

A) Day 4-5

Living organisms respond to change in environmental changes such as temperature. Which series lists the correct order in which the body would respond to such a change? A) tissue, cell organ, organ system, organism B) tissue, cell, organ system, organ, organism C) cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism D) cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism

C) cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

The body determines whether genes should be expressed or not. Sometimes genes are only turned on once or twice in a lifetime. Which example best illustrates this point? A) milk producing hormone after childbirth B) insulin after eating C) adrenaline when scared or in danger

A) milk producing hormone after childbirth

Which can disrupt the cell cycle? A) mutation B) G0 phase C) replication D) Cancer

A) mutation

In which phase of mitosis are chromosomes first seen as a result of chromatin coiling? A) prophase B) anaphase C) metaphase D) telophase

A) prophase

In which stage does chromatin condense into chromosomes and spindles begin to form? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase

A) prophase

Through which microscope were cells first observed? A) simple microscope B) compound light microscope C) electrón microscope D) tunneling microscope

A) simple microscope

When skin cells have third degree burns, skins grafts are used. What is the benefit to using skin grafts? A) they provide a permanent layer of skin for the burned area B) they protect the burn from infection C) they provide a shorter healing time for the burned area

B) they protect the burn from infection

The human body is insulted by ________. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid

C) Lipids

How are proteins and Nucleic acids related? A) They both provide energy B) They both carry genetic information C) The structure of proteins is determined by Nucleic acids D) The subunits of Nucleic acids are also the subject bits of proteins

C) The structure of proteins is determined by Nucleic acids

Which of the following polymers is created by joining amino acids? A) DNA B) Lipid C) protein D) carbohydrate

C) protein

A sperm cell and an egg cell fuse to form which structure? A) fetus B) gamate C) zygote D) stem cell

C) zygote

In which stage does the chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase

D) telophase

Mammals that live in the Arctic Ocean have a large amount of blubber, which is a fatty tissue just beneath the skin. Which statement best relates why these animals have so much blubber? A) Lipids in blubber insulate the animals from cold water B) Proteins in blubber help the animals move to stay warm C) Carbohydrates in blubber provides all the energy that the animals need to stay warm D) Nucleic Acids Yelp guile the lipids in blubber, which keeps animals warm by regulating cell activities

A) Lipids in blubber insulate the animals from cold water

_______ speed up the chemical reactions in body. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid

A) Proteins

Which examples show repair or replacement of damaged cells? A) a scrape being healed B) scars forming where a cut once belong C) skin flaking off your arm in the winter

A) a scrape being healed B) scars forming where a cut once belong

What is the purpose of interphase in the cell cycle? A) active growth and metabolism of the cell B) active cell growth and cytokinesis C) active division of the plasma membrane before mitosis

A) active growth and metabolism of the cell

According to the cell theory, which structure contains cells? A) blood B) water C) carbón dioxide D) chromosome

A) blood

What is a source of adult stem cells? A) bone marrow B) amniotic fluid C) embryos D) gametes

A) bone marrow

If a mutation occurred and cells no longer received a signal to stop reproducing, _____ would occur. A) cancer B) Tumors C) death of the organism

A) cancer

What is typical of cell reproduction, when normal cells are reproduced in a petri dish from a tissue culture? Check all that apply A) cells reproduce only when there is room in the Petri dish B) cells reproduce one thick layer and then stop reproducing C) cells undergo unlimited reproduction by mitosis D) when a cell dies or is damaged, a new one is created to fill the empty spot

A) cells reproduce only when there is room in the Petri dish B) cells reproduce one thick layer and then stop reproducing D) when a cell dies or is damaged, a new one is created to fill the empty spot

An example of mitosis at work is a plant root A) elongating B) absorbing C) pointing down D) breaking

A) elongating

______ stem cells are capable of self-renewal and differentiation A) embryonic B) somatic C) amniotic fluid

A) embryonic

Mitosis occurs in ______ cells A) eukaryotic B) prokaryotic

A) eukaryotic

What is the purpose of the cell cycle? A) growth and repair of cells B) reproduction of the organism C) replacement of healthy cells

A) growth and repair of cells

______ occurs during the G1 phase of interphase. A) growth of the cell B) duplication of chromosomes C) division of the cell

A) growth of the cell

How does the cell cycle help organisms? A) growth, repair, and reproduction of cells B) reproduction of the organisms C) synthesis, replication, reproduction of DNA in cells

A) growth, repair, and reproduction of cells

What is the end result of mitosis? A) one cell with two identical copies of DNA B) two cells with different copies of DNA C) one cell with two different copies of DNA

A) one cell with two identical copies of DNA

Which microscope did Anton van Leeuwenhoek use to observe single-celled organisms? A) simple microscope B) compound light microscope C) electrón microscope D) tunneling microscope

A) simple microscope

Which type of cell is capable of self-renewal? A) stem cell B) blood cell C) muscle cell D) neuron

A) stem cell

What occurs to cell during mitosis Check all that apply A) the cell divides B) DNA is duplicated C) two daughter cell are formed D) chromosomes are duplicated

A) the cell divides C) two daughter cells are formed

This picture shows a jar of honey. Which statement is correct about this food? A) It contains disaccharides, a complex type of lipid B) It contains monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrate C) It contains starch, which gives it a sweet taste. D) It contains lipids, which gives it a sweet taste

B) It contains monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrate

Sebastian wants to make a ball-and-stick modules of the four macromolecules. He has colored balls for each elements in these molecules including the following. Red: hydrogen Black: carbon Purple: oxygen Green: nitrogen Which molecule could he make that consist of long chains of red and black colored balls A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Nucleic Acids D) Proteins

B) Lipids

At which of these locations is a dietician least likely to work A) School B) Theater C) Hospital D) Nursing home

B) Theater

Which example demonstrates growth of an organism as result of mitosis? A) a plant withering in the sunlight B) a baby growing into a toddler C) a seed becoming a plant

B) a baby growing into a toddler C) a seed becoming a plant

An error occurs when the DNA of the cell is copied. However, the cell does not divide after the error is detected. Which statement best describes the cell cycle for this cell? A) an error during the G1 phase is corrected during the G2 phase B) an error during the S phase is corrected during the G2 phase C) an error during the G1 phase is corrected during the S phase D) an error during the S phase is corrected during mitosis

B) an error during the S phase is corrected during the G2 phase

What is typical of cell reproduction when cancer cells are reproduced in a Petri dish from a tissue culture? Check all that apply. A) cells undergo 20-50 mitotic divisions B) cells reproduce without limit C) cells reproduce with multiple layers D) cells reproduction never stops

B) cells reproduce without limit C) cells reproduce with multiple layers D) cells reproduction never stops

Which are replicated during interphase? A) sister chromatids B) chromosomes C) centromeres D) nuclei

B) chromosomes

Which experiments led to changes to the original cell theory? A) experiments that showed blood cells transport gases, waste, and nutrients through our body B) experiments that showed that all cells are similar in how they metabolize and their composition C) experiments that transplanted synthetic chromosomes into bacterial cells to create q new species D) experiments that established the existence of single-cells organisms and microbes

B) experiments that showed that all cells are similar in how they metabolize and their composition

Why is mitosis important to organisms? Check all that apply A) reproduction of the organisms B) growth of the organisms C) repair of damaged or dead cells D) reproduction of new cells

B) growth of the organisms C) repair of damaged or dead cells D) reproduction of new cells

When conditions change and cells are not in balance anymore, what has been disrupted? A) stem cells B) homeostasis C) differentiation D) specialized cells

B) homeostasis

Which changing external conditions trigger thirst? A) lack of oxygen B) lack of water C) disease-causing agente D) change in temperature

B) lack of water

Which stage does the sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase

B) metaphase

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and nucleus dissolve? A) metaphase B) prophase C) anaphase D) telophase

B) prophase

_______ occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase. A) growth of the cell B) replication of DNA C) division of the cell

B) replication of DNA

Which microscope is often used to view metal surfaces? A) scanning electron microscope B) scanning tunneling microscope C) transmission electron microscope D) compound light microscope

B) scanning tunneling microscope

Stem cells are found in adult tissue, such as in the bone marrow, brain, muscle, skin and liver are only capable of _______. A) differentiation B) self-renewal

B) self-renewal

________ stem cells are capable of self-renewal and not differential. A) embryonic B) somatic C) amniotic fluid

B) somatic

This picture shows a carafe of olive oil. What is one of the primary functions of this food in the body? A) building proteins B) storing energy C) providing structure to cell walls D) carrying genetic informatiin

B) storing energy

What would happen to an organism if mitosis did not occur. Check all that apply A) the organism would not be affected B) the organism would not grow C) if an organism were cut or burned the damaged area would not heal D) the organism would not produce new cells

B) the organism would not grow C) if an organism were cut or burned the damaged area would not heal D) the organism would not produce new cells

What is the purpose of the G2 phase of interphase. Check all that apply. A) to copy DNA B) to ensure DNA is copied correctly C) to ensure the cell is the proper size D) to allow the cell to grow if needed

B) to ensure DNA is copied correctly C) to ensure the cell is the proper size D) to allow the cell to grow if needed

Which of the following nucleotides is not found in DNA? A) adenine B) uracil C) thymine D) cytosine

B) uracil

_____ stem cells are capable of self-renewal and limited differential A) embryonic B) somatic C) amniotic fluid

C) Amniotic fluid

Cells are surrounded and protected by... A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid

C) Lipids

At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle can a DNA mutation occur? A) G1 phase B) G2 phase C) S phase D) M phase

C) S phase

In which of these stages is mitosis most important? A) a tiger club is born B) a tiger club learns to walk C) a tiger club begins to grow D) a tiger club play-fights

C) a tiger club begins to grow

In which stage does the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cells? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase

C) anaphase

How long does a mutation last? A) a few weeks B) until the cell reaches mitosis C) as long as the cell lives

C) as long as the cell lives

Which best describes cancer cells? A) cancer cells cannot enter the circulatory system B) cancer cells grow controllably C) cancer cells attach to organs D) cancer cells lose nutrients to healthy cells

C) cancer cells attach to organs

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between cytokinesis and mitosis? A) mitosis includes interphase and cytokinesis B) cytokinesis precedes mitosis C) cytokinesis occurs during mitosis D) interphase includes cytokinesis and mitosis

C) cytokinesis occurs during mitosis

After duplication, at what point does a cell become two cells with identical DNA? A) starting in prophase B) end of anaphase C) end of cytokinesis

C) end of cytokinesis

Which of these pairings is incorrect? A) blood cells, components of blood B) neurons, conduct electrical impulses C) epithelial cells, react to stimuli D) muscle cells, elongated cells that can contract

C) epithelial cells, react to stimuli

What controls differentiation? A) cells B) chromosomes C) genes

C) genes

_____ determine how cells are differentiated A) stem cells B) differentiation cells C) genes

C) genes

What occurs during G1 and G2 in the cell cycle? A) synthesis of the cell B) growth of DNA C) growth of the cell

C) growth of the cell

After chromosomes are found, during which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes attach a spindle fibers by their centromere? A) anaphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) telophase

C) metaphase

When the cell cycle is interrupted, what is the end of the results? A) tumor B) new cells C) mutations

C) mutations

Which reason best describes why dead specimens must be used with transmission electron microscopes? A) electrons pass over the specimen B) the light that are used are harmful to the specimens C) specimens are placed in a vacuum D) the image that is produced is two-dimensional

C) specimens are placed in a vacuum

A mutation occurs that prevents a cell from taking in the glucose that is needed for energy production. What is most likely to happen? A) a tumor will form B) the cell will divide uncontrollably C) the cell will die D) nutrients are stolen from normal cells nearby

C) the cell will die

Which best describes red blood cells? A) they are colorless B) they protect against disease-carrying microorganisms C) they transport oxygen throughout the body D) they aid in blood clotting

C) they transport oxygen throughout the body

During the final stage of the cell cycle, cytokinesis allows the cell to finish dividing creating _______ A) one cell with identical copies of DNA B) one cell with different copies of DNA C) two cells with identical copies of DNA D) two cells with different copies of DNA

C) two cells with identical copies of DNA

When a disease-causing agent enters an organism, the immune system alerts which specialized cells? A) red blood cells B) epithelial cells C) white blood cells D) somatic stem cells

C) white blood cells

How does a dietician help a patient? A) A dietician treats vision problems B) A dietician cures genetic disorders C) A dietician performs surgery on patients to improve digestion D) A dietician helps patients get the proper amount of nutrients

D) A dietician helps patients get the proper amount of nutrients

Glycogen is an energy-storage molecule in humans. A hormone that is called insulin controls the storage of glycogen in the liver. Insulin is made up of amino acids. Which statement correctly identifies the types of macromolecules that are described? A) Glycogen is a protein, and insulin is a lipid B) Glycogen is a protein, and insulin is a protein C) Glycogen is a carbohydrate, and insulin is a lipid D) Glycogen is a carbohydrate, and insulin is a protein.

D) Glycogen is a carbohydrate, and insulin is a protein.

According to the cell theory, which describes cells? A) All organisms are composed of multiple cells B) All cells have the same structure and function C) Cells are found in everything on earth D) Living organisms are not created spontaneously

D) Living organisms are not created spontaneously

Hemoglobin, a protein is built by _______. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid

D) Nucleic acid

_________ determines what people look like. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid

D) Nucleic acid

Which was the first cell viewed by the light microscope? A) microbes B) atoms C) DNA D) Oak bark

D) Oak bark

Which macromolecules provides a person with the most energy that is needed for daily activities? A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Nucleic Acid D) Proteins

D) Proteins

Which substance is a Nucleic acid? A) amino acid B) fat C) polysaccharide D) RNA

D) RNA

Which statement best describes the components of Nucleic acids? A) They are made up of chains of amino acids B) They are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen C) They are made up almost entirely of carbon and hydrogen D) They are made up of nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates

D) They are made up of nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates

Which statement correctly compares Nucleic acids and carbohydrates? A) They both contain carbon, but only Nucleic acid contains hydrogen B) They both contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio C) They both contain carbon, but only carbohydrates contain oxygen D) They both contain carbon, but only Nucleic acids contain phosphorus

D) They both contain carbon, but only Nucleic acids contain phosphorus

What do scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes have in common? A) both generate three-dimensional images B) both offer magnification to the atomic level C) both are used to view parts of the cell D) both require a vacuum

D) both require a vacuum

Which statement best describes embryonic stem cells? A) embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal only. B) embryonic stem cells are capable of differentiation only C) embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and limited differentiation D) embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation

D) embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation

Which of the following compounds is NOT created by joining monosaccharides? A) glycogen B) starch C) cellulose D) guanine

D) guanine

Where can cells that are able to differentiate be found? A) in muscles B) in brain C) in heart D) in amniotic fluid

D) in amniotic fluid

What would happen to skin cells of mitosis did not take place? A) skin cells would regrow from other types of cells B) skin cells would be replaced at a slower rate C) skin cells would be replaced with new cells D) skin cells would die and not be replaced

D) skin cells would die and not be replaced

Which cells are considered immortal? A) neurons B) blood cells C) cardiac muscle cells D) stem cells

D) stem cells

Which type of cells from new cells with specialized functions? A) differentiated cells B) muscle cells C) nerve cells D) stem cells

D) stem cells

Early in mitosis, the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope begin to dissolve in preparation for cell division. In which stage of the cell cycle is this process reversed? A) cytokinesis B) interphase C) anaphase D) telophase

D) telophase

Which of the steps in this sequence is an example of mitosis at work? A) a baseball hits the arm of a baseball player B) the player reacts quickly grabbing his arm C) a bruise forms where the ball hit the arm D) the bruise slowly disappears as the arm heals

D) the bruise slowly disappears as the arm heals

What is cancer? A) addition of new cells to replace damaged cells B) DNA replication C) celular death D) uncontrolled cell division

D) uncontrolled cell division

There are ____ chromosomes for one parent cell at the end of mitosis. A)23 B)46 C)48

B) 46

___________ provides structure for plants. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid

B) Carnohydrates

If Tyler does not eat a diet that includes essential amino acids, his cells will not be able to build... A) Nucleic acids B) Certain proteins C) Cell Membranes D) Certain Carbohydrates

B) Certain Proteins

_____ are capable of differentiation to form specialized cells. A) Gamete cells B) Stem cells C) Chromosomes

B) Stem cells

At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle does mitosis occur? A) before the G1 phase B) after the G2 phase C) following the S phase D) after the G0 phase

B) after the G2 phase

What is the purpose of interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle? A) cell repair B) cell growth C) cell reproduction D) cell division

B) cell growth

Many molecules are moved through the body by.. A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acid

A) Proteins

The study of which structure was instrumental in the formulation of the modern cell theory? A) plant cell B) animal cell C) cell membrane D) DNA molecule

D) DNA molecule