Practice test for chapter 21
What was the result of the "June Days" in France in 1848?
The triumph of the republican army under General Louis Cavaignac, after street fighting and the death or injury of more than ten thousand people
What did Klemens von Metternich and Alexander I proclaim at the Troppau Conference in 1820?
Their support for the principle of active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes whenever threatened
. Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established
Their utopian schemes were not realistic.
How did the French provisional government respond to the worsening depression and rising unemployment in 1848?
It established national workshops to provide employment in public works projects.
What was the effect of France's Constitutional Charter in the post-Napoleonic period?
It secured most of the gains made by the middle class and the peasantry during the French Revolution and permitted intellectual and artistic freedom.
What was one of Karl Marx's most important criticisms of the French utopian socialists?
Their utopian schemes were not realistic.
. What did the early French socialist thinkers find disturbing about the emerging industrial society?
They believed that industrial society fomented selfish individualism and split the community into isolated fragments.
Read Primary Source 21.1: Metternich: Conservative Reaction in the German Confederation. How did the Karlsbad Decrees affect the universities and the press throughout the German Confederation?
They provided that no publication appearing in the form of daily issues shall go to press without the approval of state officials.
In Primary Source 21.4: The Republican Spirit in Paris, 1848, what did the Provisional Government promise the nation?
To institute the democratic government that France owes itself
In Primary Source 21.3: Adam Mickiewicz and Romantic Nationalism in Poland, Mickiewicz draws parallels between the suffering of Jesus and of Poland and promises that the Polish nation, like Jesus, awaits a glorious resurrection. According to Mickiewicz, what would happen after that resurrection?
Wars shall cease in all Christendom.
What did Count Henri de Saint-Simon believe in the nineteenth century?
What did Count Henri de Saint-Simon believe in the nineteenth century?
During the Prussian revolution in 1848, why did the alliance between middle-class liberals and workers dissolve?
Workers demanded a series of democratic and vaguely socialist reforms.
The romantic movement was characterized by
a belief in emotional exuberance and unrestrained imagination.
Composers in the romantic movement
abandoned well-defined structures and used a wide range of forms to evoke powerful emotions.
The allied powers at the Congress of Vienna were determined to
avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France.
The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819
defined an idea of German nationalism built around a common language, culture, and set of values.
. Romantics and early nationalists investigated folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs in order to
find the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture.
The British Corn Laws of 1815 were enacted with the goal of
forbidding the importation of foreign grain unless prices in Britain reached very high DIFF: Levels, selfishly benefiting the aristocratic landowners in Britain.
In Great Britain, the Great Reform Bill of 1832
gave greater representation to the new, industrial areas of the nation.
Many Europeans and Americans embraced the Greek Revolution because
of a love of Greek classical culture.
The romantic poet William Wordsworth conceived of poetry as the
spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling recollected in tranquility.
In December 1825, some 3,000 army officers inspired by liberal ideas staged a protest against which new tsar?
Nicholas I
In 1830, an unsuccessful revolution failed to re-create the country of
Poland.
What was the most important influence on the peaceful mid-century reforms in Great Britain?
Political competition between the aristocracy and the middle class
The Chartist movement in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s demanded
universal male suffrage.
At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies
were guided by the principle of the balance of power.
Victor Hugo's political evolution was exactly the opposite of Wordsworth's, whose
youthful radicalism gave way to middle-aged caution.
According to Joseph Proudhon in the nineteenth century, property was
According to Joseph Proudhon in the nineteenth century, property was
In 1848, how did the Hungarian revolutionaries envision a future Hungary?
As a unified, centralized Hungarian nation
Why did Klemens von Metternich, as Austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe?
Austria was a multiethnic empire, and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic groups threatened to dissolve the empire.
Why was the Frankfurt Parliament in 1849 unable to create a "Greater Germany"?
Determined to maintain its empire, Austria would not agree to a Greater Germany that separated German-speaking lands from non-German territories in the empire.
. In the nineteenth century, what did Eugène Delacroix's work typically feature?
Dramatic, colorful scenes
. In 1848, what reform did the French government refuse that created a sense of class injustice?
Electoral reform
In the nineteenth century, how did Ireland's population grow despite extreme poverty?
Extensive cultivation of the humble potato
Germaine de Staël urged the French to throw away worn-out classical models and extolled the spontaneity and enthusiasm of the writer and thinkers of
Germany
. In their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Greeks ultimately won the support of
Great Britain, France, and Russia.
. How did Charles X of France seek to rally political support for himself in 1830?
He invaded Algeria and established it as a French territory.
The Quadruple Alliance, the nations that defeated Napoleon, included
Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain.
Which social groups comprised the revolutionary alliance during the revolutions of 1848 in Central Europe?
Students and urban workers
What was the driving force in history according to Marx in the nineteenth century?
The economic relationship between classes
. What reform did France's Second Republic institute in 1848?
The right to vote for all adult men
In 1849, the revolution in Hungary was brought under control with the help of 130,000 troops sent by
the Russian Empire.
Charles Fourier, a utopian socialist, envisioned mathematically precise communities called "phalanxes" and also urged
the abolition of marriage, free unions based only on love, and sexual freedom.
According to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in
the economy as little as possible.