Practice Test LSSBB
Referring to this graphic why is the "N for test" 44 rather than 45 "N for test" is always defined as N-1 The calculations are easier when N-1 is used There is one Degree of Freedom for each of the observations One of the observations must be equal to the hypothesized value
"N for test" is always defined as N-1
From a sample of 50 employees ABC company has found their average length in service to be 11 years with a standard deviation of 3 years. Assuming this distribution to be normal, what is the chance that a given employee has more than 20 years of service? None .15% 2.5% 5% There is insufficient information to determine
.15%
Coffee served at a restraint should be between 38 C and 49 C when it is delivered to the customer. The process used to keep the coffee at the correct temperature has a process. Standard deviation of 2 C and the mean value for these temperature is 40 C. Calculate the process capability index cpk for this process. 1.33 .166 .33 .833
.33 Cpk=min(49−40(3×2),40−38(3×2)) or 1.5 and .33.
1
1
Suppose that raw material suppliers to the company ABC must meet a quality rate of 97% or better. What hypothesis test can be used to determine how a specific supplier's quality compares to ABC's quality rate requirement? 1 sample proportion test 2 sample proportion test 1 sample t test 2 sample t test
1 sample proportion test
A researcher wants to perform a 2-way contingency table to test the sales of products (rows) and 4 sales regions (columns). How many degrees of Freedom are used to perform the chi square test? 4 5 12 20
12
The following is a sample data set: 10, 2, 8, 8, 6, 5, 3, 6, 7, 4, 21, 87, 43, 3, 98, Calculate the Mean, Median, Standard Deviation, Range, and Variance 20.73, 30.97, 96, 959.07 959.07, 20.73, 6, 30.97, 96 20.73, 958, 7, 96, 31 30.97, 94, 7, 959.07, 20.73
20.73, 30.97, 96, 959.07
The table gives the distribution of birth months for a group of 264 persons. Calculate the expected value that would be used to construct a chi square analysis testing whether births are equally distributed across all 12 months. 12 18 22 264
22 Expected Frequency for each month=264/12
Jack, a private investigator is promised an amount equal to $25,000 in two years if he keeps his investment in his friend's business. He is offered an annual interest rate of 4%. What is the Net Present Value (NPV) of Jack's Investment? 23114 11423 15625 23000
23114
A scientist wishes to estimate the average depth of a river. He wants to be 99% confident that the estimate is accurate within 2 feet. From a previous study, the Standard Deviation of the depths measured was 4.38 feet. What is the required sample size? 32 35 38 29
32
A team is likely to find that once they have identified possible causes they need to investigate further to find a true root cause. For instance, each root cause coming off the main category "bone: could have one or more lines with sub-causes coming off it. At this point what can help drive the team to the real root cause? 5 times why Pareto chart Hypothesis testing Waste analysis
5 times why
The most common alpha risk is which of these? 1% 5% 10% 20%
5%
Rolled Throughput Yield of the entire process is __________ 80% 65% 23% 37.33%
65%
Using the critical values of a 1 sample sign test in this graphic what is the minimum number of heads or tails would you have to see in one dozen flips in order to declare a coin unfair? 8 heads and 4 tails or 4 heads and 8 tails 9 heads and 3 tails or 3 heads and 9 tails 10 heads and 2 tails or 2 head and 10 tails 7 head and 5 tails or 5 heads and 7 tails
8 heads and 4 tails or 4 heads and 8 tails
A 1 sample t-test compares a sample average to ____________ The sample median A F value The sample mean A target value
A target value
The X-Y Diagram (Matrix) is used as an _____________ Statistical tool Objective Tool Define Phase Tool A team-based prioritization tool for the potential X's
A team-based prioritization tool for the potential X's
In statistical analysis, what is an observation? Every data point that has ever been generated for a given characteristic A portion or subset of the population either at one time or over time An individual measurement A team conclusion based on a brainstorming session
An individual measurement
How is F calculated in an One-way ANOVA test? Between group variation/ Within group variation Between group variation/ N Within group variation/ n-1 Within group variation/ Between group variation
Between group variation/ Within group variation
In Beaufort Harbor gross market regularity of shrimp weight is highly valued. On the basis of the analysis shown in this graphic of their fishing spots 1 and 2 which spot should fishermen Bubba and Gump prefer? Bubba gump should use other spots because variations are too important Bubba and gump can use spot 1 (higher average, lower variation) or spot 2 (lower average, higher variation) Bubba gump should prefer spot 1 because the average weight is higher Bubba gump can use both spots which are not different ion terms of variations
Bubba gump should prefer spot 1 because the average weight is higher
If Y is discrete and binary (conform and not conform) the resulting Y = f(x) model Cannot be computed Requires a specific 2 level doe Can be computed by a classical regression using category predictors Can be computed by a logistic regression with probability assessment and R square values
Can be computed by a classical regression using category predictors
Combining Lean and Six Sigma ___________ Can be done by adding lean tools to a DMAIC cycle Can be done by organizing tools from each method in a PDCA cycle Cannot be done Should be done in a sequence
Can be done by adding lean tools to a DMAIC cycle
The statistical distribution used to evaluate differences in group central tendencies for the moods median test is the _______ test. Chi Square T F Rank
Chi Square
Which of the following can be used to determine the goodness of fit of a distribution to a data set? T test Anova F Test Chi Square Test
Chi Square Test
During the lifecycle of a project the X-Y diagram is Done and the results frozen Done several times by different sub teams Continually updated as needed Converted to a SIPOC
Continually updated as needed
Which of these is the best tool to assess stability? Time series plot Control chart Pareto chart Hypothesis testing
Control chart
Prior to a process being considered capable, it must first show evidence of _____________. Leanness Cost effectiveness Acceptance by the employees No customer returns for at least 6 month
Cost effectiveness
The CPK for a process with an average of 28, a spread of 10 units and upper and lower spec limits of 35 and 15 respectively would be _________? 1.2 1.6 1 .23
Cpk=min(35−28(3×10),28−15(3×10)) (Cpk=min(0.233,0.433) or .233
What term best describes the definition: A mapping process that helps to create measurable characteristics of a service to a customer? Critical to process tree Critical to customer tree Critical to business tree Critical to quality tree
Critical to quality tree
What does the dotted blue line in the graph indicate? Cumulative frequency of billing error in % % of error % of other billing errors Number of total errors
Cumulative frequency of billing error in %
Suppose a farmers market stand sells bags of apples that weigh on average 2 kg with a standard dev of at most 200 grams. What is the alternative hypothesis for a 1 sample variance test? HA, the st dev of the weight is = 200 grams HA, the st dev of the weight is = 2 KGs HA, the st dev of the weight is < 2 KGS HA, the st dev of the weight is > 200 grams HA, the st dev of the weight is <= 200 grams HA, the st dev of the weight is < 200 grams
HA, the st dev of the weight is < 200 grams
Lean leaders lead from Gemba where the action happens. They know the only way to truly understand what is happening is to follow the process where the action occurs. Therefore they do all the following except______ Genchi Genbutsu Genjitsu Hanedashi
Hanedashi
The time series plot accomplishes which of the following? Shows how accurate the measurement system is over time Helps the understanding of process behavior over time Shows the control limits at various stages of the process Indicates process capability at various stages of the process
Helps the understanding of process behavior over time
What is a SIPOC primarily used for? Places all attention on your customer Find areas of waste in your process Helps you understand what all is impacting your process As the basis for a detailed flowchart of your process
Helps you understand what all is impacting your process
A black Belt is tasked with taste-testing various cereals. Her levels for "brand of cereal" are lucky charms, raisin brand Kellogg's cornflakes. An unbalanced design might have 29 boxes of lucky charms, 21 boxes of raisin bran and 30 boxes of Kellogg's cornflakes. How should her balanced design look based on the unbalanced design information? Her balanced design might have 30 boxes of each brand Her balanced design might have 21 boxes of two brands and one of 30 boxes Her balanced design might have 29 boxes of two brands and one of 30 boxes Her balanced design might have 80 boxes of one brand and 29 boxes of the other 2 brands
Her balanced design might have 30 boxes of each brand
From the Confidence Interval presented here which of the following is correct? Increasing the % confidence will broaden the confidence interval width Decreasing the % confidence will will broaden the confidence Increasing the % confidence will narrow the confidence interval width Decreasing or Increasing the % confidence will not influence the confidence interval width
Increasing the % confidence will broaden the confidence interval width
A very large or very small outlier could impact the single variance test since it would ________. Inflate the sample variance Guarantee a Normal Distribution Increase the power of the test Decrease the Degrees of Freedom
Inflate the sample variance
Regarding Hypotheses testing, which one of the following is true? It helps when building the regression analysis It helps when calculating the process capability It can help us statistically proves or disprove our assumptions It helps when performing the VA/NVA analysis
It can help us statistically proves or disprove our assumptions
From the data distribution shown here which of the following is correct? It represents a distribution that is reflective of the gaussian function The shape of the distribution shows that the mean, median, and mode, are approximately the same Based on the shape of the curve this distribution is skewed to the left It is definitely a non-normal distribution warranting investigation of factors causing it
It is definitely a non-normal distribution warranting investigation of factors causing it
Why should we continue to monitor a project after completion? It is most likely to help us detect and correct variation before it results in customer dissatisfaction Because it was proposed by the project leader Because it was proposed by the champion after checking with the manager Because it is a useful learning method
It is most likely to help us detect and correct variation before it results in customer dissatisfaction
Who is most noted for the widespread deployment of six sigma at General Electric in 1995? Bob Galvin Jack Welch Bill Smith Joseph Juran
Jack Welch
Who was credited for the word "Lean" in lean manufacturing in the 1990's? Jack Welch Shigo Shingo W Edwards Deming James Womack
James Womack
The responsibility of a black belt is to __________ Lead a project of large magnitude in total autonomy independent of green belts Lead a project of large magnitude possibly including sub projects led by green belts Lead a project of medium magnitude under the supervision of a master blackbelt Select projects throughout the organization
Lead a project of large magnitude possibly including sub projects led by green belts
Voc data can be obtained in a reactive and or proactive way with each of the following except_______ Customer surveys Customer interviews Market research Feedback forms
Market research
Two shift leaders compete for the right of highest quality shift. Yesterday shift had 3 defects while producing 500 units and shift 1 had 5 defects per 500 units. Should shift 2 be awarded the quality cup. Yes, their defect rate is 6% vs 10% for shift 1 No, the 1st shift should receive the award since the delta is positive No, we cannot reject the Null Hypothesis and the 95% CI spans across 0 Yes, the difference in defect rate could be as much as 1.5%
No, we cannot reject the Null Hypothesis and the 95% CI spans across 0
In semiconductor wafer polishing the removal rate of material on the wafer follows the equation: removal rate = a + b* exp c * time where a b and c are parameters we want to estimate. Finding the coefficients, a, b, and c would be found using __________. Simple linear regression Multiple linear regression Non-linear regression Logistic regression
Non-linear regression
If the central limit theorem is applicable the sampling distribution of a ________ population can be treated as normal since the ______ is ______ Non-normal, sample size, small Non-symmetrical, variance, large Non-normal, sample size, large Non-normal, standard error, large
Non-normal, sample size, large
In the expression cycle time (in minutes) = 3+1.4*(numbers of orders) - 2.1*(number of clerks)-.034*(process distance) __________ There is an interaction between the number of orders and the number of clerks The number of orders goes down as the number of clerks goes up The number of orders stays constant as the number of clerks goes up None of these is correct
None of these is correct
Which of the following describes the two classes of distributions? Normal and non-normal Normal and skewed Normal and centered Normal and biased
Normal and non-normal
A good group of food lovers has weighted 1500 sweets contained in a bag of 1.5 kg of chocolate sweets. The distribution summed up in this graphic is __________? Non-normal due to the presence of outliers on the probability plot Normal despite the presence of probability plot Non-normal due to the absence of a p-value indication Normal only if the p-value is higher than 5%
Normal only if the p-value is higher than 5%
Alpha and Beta Risk are ___________? Always equal Always different Not directly related Linked together in the case of sample size over 30 ( law of large numbers)
Not directly related
The Kruskal Wallis Test is most like which of these normal based statistical tests? 1 sample t 2 sample z One Way Anova Test for Equal Variance
One Way Anova
Traditionally Seven Wastes, also known as Muda, include __________________ Personal stress analysis Overproduction Data Gathering Inventory count effects
Overproduction
Before a process can be described it is essential for an organization to reflect on the necessary information to manage and control a process. A belt must consider the questions. Why do we have this process? What is its added value? Who am I doing it for? Hence the belt needs to determine the ____? Solution Process Map Problem Objective
Problem
The portion of the response not explained by the regression equation is known as ___________ Correlation Linearity Slope Residuals
Residuals
When performing a Residuals analysis for a one-way ANOVA test the residuals have to meet which of the following two conditions? Residuals should not follow any distribution and must be correlated Residuals are Normally distributed and Independent Residuals are normally distributed and dependent Residuals are correlated and not time dependent
Residuals are Normally distributed and Independent
What is the Value calculated in an FMEA used to rank order of risk in the overall process and project? Severity Occurrence Detection Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs)
Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs)
Which of the following is not a necessary assumption to run or use a mann whitney test? The populations of each sample must have the same shape and spread The sample date should be selected randomly Sample size has to be precisely the same for each sample group tested Each observation should be independent from all others observations.
Sample size has to be precisely the same for each sample group tested
A run chart shown above has which of the following noticeable characteristics affecting its stability? Special cause variation Shift Trend Cycle
Shift
Which stat can estimate the probability of a defect? Mean Sigma level Standard deviation Cannot determine that probability.
Sigma level
A single data point falling outside a control limit is most likely representative of ___________. Common cause variation Special cause variation Predictability Non-normal data
Special cause variation
When conducting an MSA which metric tells us how well as measure can be repeated and reproduced, independent of who is measuring or the time of measurement. Stability Accuracy Precision Linearity
Stability
All components of accuracy are _________ Resolution and Bias Stability and linearity Repeatability and Reproducibility Stability, Linearity, Resolution, Bias
Stability, Linearity, Resolution, Bias
A belt has defined his main KPI as being Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) defined as the ratio of the Value - Added time versus the Lead Time. Therefore you should _____________. Tell him it is not the proper definition of PCE Tell him his project is a "Lean only" project and he should change his subject Tell him to add another KPI about variation in order to give a "Six Sigma" dimension to his project Tell him to take into account the effect of variation of his KPI based on VOC/VOB/VOE
Tell him to take into account the effect of variation of his KPI based on VOC/VOB/VOE
One way anova is also known as a ? Two-factor at a time experiment Test of two or more means Student t test Chi square test
Test of two or more means
Once of the methods to identify the Seven Wastes is ___________ The Gemba walk Building the charter Brainstorming Benchmarking
The Gemba walk
Which one of the following uses the concept of the central limit theorem? The Xbar chart with non-normal data because it plots averages of subgroups Using the median instead of the mean Using the variance to compute variation The u chart with normal data because it plots averages of subgroups
The Xbar chart with non-normal data because it plots averages of subgroups
Each of the following 5 masters (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 grams) has been weighed 12 times. The graphic shown here with associated stats summarizes these measurements. Which statement is false? The average linearity effect is close to - 0.013 The average linearity effect is statistically insignificant (at 5% level) The lack of linearity accounts for more than 70% of the total variations in the study Through the considered range the bias does not exceed .62 grams in absolute value
The average linearity effect is statistically insignificant (at 5% level)
Accurate but not precise means _______ The data has a small variability but is not centered The data is generally centered but there is a lot of variability The data is not usable Being 95% sure
The data is generally centered but there is a lot of variability
What is the Null Hypothesis in a Mann-Whitney Test? The treatment group has no effect The control group has no effect The effect from the treatment group is larger than the effect from the control group The effect from the treatment group is smaller than the effect from the control group
The effect from the treatment group is larger than the effect from the control group
When doing hypothesis testing a sample size calculator helps us establish ________ If the solutions to the x are properly vetted If the voice of the customer was collected properly The number of observations necessity for confidence in detecting population mean If the benchmarking was done properly
The number of observations necessity for confidence in detecting population mean
The 1 sample sign test is fundamentally based upon which of the following mathematical statements? The probability of observations above the median is larger than the probability of observations below the median. The probability of observations above the median is smaller than the probability of observations below the median. The probability of observations above the median is equal to the probability of observations below the median. The probability of observations above the mean is larger than the probability of observations below the median.
The probability of observations above the median is equal to the probability of observations below the median.
A belt wants to determine if the proportion of defects depends on the continent where and industrial product is manufactured. Therefore, the null hypothesis should be ____? The proportions are significantly different between continents The proportions are equal in all continents The proportions of at least one continent differs from others Non of these is an appropriate Null Hypothesis.
The proportions are equal in all continents
From the mult-vari chart shown in this graphic we can see___________? Butter hardness is independent from temperature and agriculture type The effect of temperature neutralize the effects of agriculture type The effect of agriculture type neutralizes the effect of temperature There is no interaction between temperatures and agriculture type There is an interaction between temperature and agriculture type but with no detrimental effects
There is an interaction between temperature and agriculture type but with no detrimental effects
A variable MSA is performed with the following results The measurement system is acceptable There is significant variation when the same part is measured repeatability with different gages by the same operator There is significant variation when the same part is measured repeatedly with the same gage by the same operator Most of the variation is due to reproducibility
There is significant variation when the same part is measured repeatedly with the same gage by the same operator
During the last 3 months customer ratings were as follows: Excellent 22, very good, 43, good 25, fair 8, poor 2, Prior to the calculation of a Z score one must__________ Collect more input Treat fair and poor as defectives and compute z equivalent for 10% defective Check whether poor votes are valid or not Transform the rating scale into numbers (1-5) and calculate a weighted average
Transform the rating scale into numbers (1-5) and calculate a weighted average
A light bulb manufacturer would like to claim its bulbs have a median life of >2000 hours. Based on the results shown here from a 1 sample Wilcoxon test the manufacturer can make that claim. True False
True
In simple correlation and regression studies the Green belt collects data on two numerical or quantitative variables to see whether a relationship exists between the variable. True False
True
Relative to Defective items each is classified into one of these categories, pass/fail, go/no go, or defective/non-defective. True False
True
The Kruskal-Wallis Test is especially useful for small sample sizes. True False
True
What is a 5s concept that emphasizes putting critical information at the point of need? Visual workplace Audits Clean desk policy Daily huddle board
Visual workplace
Which of the following statements are false? If f=0, there is no correlation between the two variables If r=-1, as one variable increases, the other variable decreases We can use correlation to infer causation If r=1 as one variable increases the other variable also increases
We can use correlation to infer causation
Which of the following represents the steps in approaching inferential statistics? What do you want to know, what tool will give you that information, what kind of data does that tool require, how will you collect the data and how confident are you with the results? Map the process, run the FMEA, derive the control plan Perform brainstorming, document the results within a cause-and-effect diagram and run an x-y matrix for production Maps the process, run the FEMA, create a SIPOC then do a p value analysis
What do you want to know, what tool will give you that information, what kind of data does that tool require, how will you collect the data and how confident are you with the results?
Control Charts can be used to indicate which of the following? When a process is out of control Why a process is out of control What causes a process to be out of control The level of control maintained by the process owner
When a process is out of control
Which of the following describes the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable whose scatterplot shows a strong negative correlation? When the independent variable increases, the dependent variable increases When the independent variable increases, the dependent variable decreases When the independent variable increases, the dependent does not change When the independent variable increases, the dependent variable follows a cyclical pattern
When the independent variable increases, the dependent variable decreases
Which one of the following represents the "within unit" positional source of variation? Within piece variation, across a single unit, location in a batch process Operators, machines, tools Temperature, date, time Machines, time, location
Within piece variation, across a single unit, location in a batch process
A result of a capability study a cp index of 1.8 and a cpk index of .8 were calculated. What should be done to make this process become more capable? Nothing, it is already capable enough Center the process average on the target reduce process variability calculate the long-term PP and PPK indices because they are likely better
reduce process variability
A successful six sigma program should produce a decreased need for management efforts to maintain quality True False
False
An attribute is often referred to as quantitative data and can be measured on a continuum or scale. True False
False
Null Hypothesis should be rejected when the p-value is high (above .05 for a 95% confidence level). True False
False
An Ishikawa diagram is also known as ______________ FEMA Process Map Fishbone Diagram Box Plot
Fishbone Diagram
Which of the following non-parametric tests is most useful for randomized block experimental designs? Anova Mood's Median Test 1 Sample Wilcoxon Test Freidman Test
Freidman Test
The correlation between a students GPA and acceptance in college is given as r = .91 What conclusion may be drawn in a linear regression Analysis for the percent variation in college acceptance explained by the variation in GPA? 91% of the variation in college acceptance may be explained by the variation in GPA 9% of the variation in college acceptance may be explained by the variation in GPA 83% of the variation in college acceptance may be explained by the variation in GPA 17% of the variation in college acceptance may be explained by the variation in GPA
83% of the variation in college acceptance may be explained by the variation in GPA R² = 0.91² ≈ 0.83
Which of the following is equivalent to a paired t-test? A 2 sample t test comparing the average all sample of group a to all samples of group b A 2 sample t test comparing the range of all items in group a to group b A 1 sample t test comparing the delta of ai-bi to 0 A 1 sample t test that compares group b to the average of group a
A 2 sample t test comparing the average all sample of group a to all samples of group b
The moods median test compared the count of group values that are < or = to the overall median and > the overall median using ______ A proportions test A contingency test A t test A F table
A contingency test
The influence of a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FEMA) on reliability is maximized at which of the following stages of product development. Design Prototype Test Operation
Design
A project financial impact can be measured as ____________ A one-time event Sustainable savings over time Either as a one time event or savings over time A percent of revenue
Either as a one time event or savings over time
A meaningful sample does not need to represent the entire population and its characteristics True False
False
At the end of the Define Phase a project charter expresses ambitious objectives without quantified targets for the process KPIs. What should be done by the project team and sponsor? Abandon the project Reduce the ambition of improvement Wait for the end of the measure phase in order to know the, precise level of performance without biased data Quantify the objectives and revise them later if necessary
Quantify the objectives and revise them later if necessary
What is a standard symbol for "an activity or process step" in a process map? Diamond Elipse Arrow Rectangle
Rectangle
The term Gage R&R refers to the ________ of the measuring device Rapidity and recurrence Repeatability and reproducibility r-sq and rolled through yield rarity and recurrence
Repeatability and reproducibility
