PRAXIS 5039 Teaching Writing

list the steps of evaluating print or digital source materials

1. Check the basic information about the source, such as author, year published, and publisher 2. If your source initially appears reliable, take time to read a portion of the material. 3. Check digital sources for the following: -Purpose -Authority -Currency -Reliability -Coverage

list the six stages of the writing process

1. Prewriting 2. Drafting 3. Revising 4. Editing 5. Publishing 6. Evaluating

student-created sources

A student's personal dictionary of words to know or spell, note cards, graphic organizers, oral histories, journals

APA format

Author. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name. DOI (if available)

MLA format

Author. Title of source. Title of container, Other contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication date, Location.

How does the drafting phase work in research writing?

Begins with the student making an outline of the headings for each of the source cards. Some sources will be used, others may be deleted at this point. The student can change the statement of purpose from the prewriting stage to a draft thesis statement and begin to write the body of the research paper using source cards and notes. Students need to be sure to both paraphrase and include in-text citations or use a direct quote with an in-text citation as they use source material. They should also write an intro and conclusion. Research papers also include a title page and works cited or references section which follows MLA formatting

reference works

Dictionaries, encyclopedias, writers' reference handbooks, books of lists, almanacs, thesauruses, books of quotations, etc.

internet

Each of the types of reference works are available online. In addition, writers can use search engines or portals (sites that list many resources or websites) to gather ideas and information.

scholarly writing

Essays, research papers, and bibliographies are the most prevalent types of this writing in middle and secondary level classrooms.

drafting

In this stage, students begin writing, connecting, and developing ideas. Drafts often contain main points, a thesis, relevant support, and elaboration. Depending on the purpose for this writing and the audience for the piece there may be few of these or many.

evaluating

In this stage, the student looks back at their work and self-evaluates. The audience also evaluates the effectiveness of the writing.

writing workshop

Instructional time structured as such: -mini lesson led by teacher or capable student based on individual and group instructional needs -status of the class, where teacher asks each student to provide a brief update on what they will be working on during the workshop -time for writing, which students work alone, with a partner, or with the teacher to advance through the stages of the writing process. The teacher often confers with students during this time while students also might participate in a peer revising or editing conference -Sharing in which teacher selects one or a few students share aspects of their writing

How does the prewriting phase work in research writing?

Involves identifying a general topic of interest or one that is determined by the test or the teacher, listing key words to use in the search for info, and then accessing reputable sources. Next, the student creates source cards, note cards with a list of all references. This helps students focus on the topic. The student then writes a statement of purpose, identifies questions and organizes questions with similar headings, and returns to more sources/make additional source cards.

workplace writing

Middle and secondary level students must learn how to prepare resumes, cover letters, job applications, and business letters

subject writing

Middle and secondary level students write interviews, accounts, profiles, or descriptions to capture the meaning of the subject being written about

creative writing

Provides students with the opportunity to play with language, express emotions, articulate stories, or develop a drama for others to enjoy

personal writing

Students can express their innermost thoughts, feelings, and responses through a variety of writing in this manner. It includes journal writing, autobiographies, diaries, reflective essays, logs, blogs, personal narratives, and personal essays.

persuasive writing

Students learn rhetorical strategies to persuade others, such as writing editorials, arguments, commentaries, or advertisements

publishing

This is the "going public" stage. A student can share their writing with a larger audience in many ways. Teachers can encourage students to share their writing in newsletters, online publications, performances, brochures and magazines.

editing

This stage involves checking for style and conventions- spelling, grammar, usage and mechanics. At this point, the student ensures that errors in conventions will not be intrusive when others read the piece of writing.

prewriting

This stage of the writing process involves gathering and selecting ideas. English can help students in several ways by creating lists, researching, brainstorming, reading to discover more about the author's style, discussing the topic, collecting memorabilia or clips from other texts, and freewriting

revising

This stage of the writing process involves rewriting, or "re-seeing". At this point, the student looks at the piece again, either alone or with the help of a teacher or a capable peer. The student strives to ensure that the reader is able to understand the piece of writing. Emphasis is placed on examining sentence structure, word choice, voice, and organization of the piece.

portfolio

a compilation of a student writer's work for evaluation. Some are comprised solely of works self-selected by the student; others contain a combination of self-selected and required work. Helps teachers and the student assess a writer's growth over time

other sources

film, art, media, etc

argument

includes a claim, evidence to support the claim, the warrant that explains how the evidence supports the claim, support for the warrant, and qualifications or counter agruments that refute the competing claims.

conventions

includes spelling, grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and paragraphing