Praxis middle school social studies exam

Which of the following religious groups did NOT emerge during the Second Great Awakening?

By the time of the Revolution, the largest denominations were the Quakers, the Congregationalists (descended from the Puritan tradition), and the Anglicans. It means that the Congregationalists were already there before the Second Great Awakening.

How did the reform agenda of Charles Finney differ from Lyman Beecher's during the Second Great Awakening?

Charles Finney was a devoted abolitionist and encouraged Christians to see slavery as a moral issue rather than a political or economic one. It took half a century, but they successfully worked to end slavery in America. A revivalist named Lyman Beecher led people to voluntarily stop drinking alcohol since it could easily lead to sin, and he founded the temperance movement to ban the sale of alcohol legally.

How did the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan differ?

The Virginia Plan was favored by states with large populations like Virginia and preferred representation based on state population. The New Jersey plan favored states with smaller populations and preferred equal representation regardless of population.

How did the Nullification Crisis end?

A tariff bill was passed with the intention of lowering tariffs over ten years

Why was it unusual for John C. Calhoun to serve as vice-president to both Jackson and Adams?

After securing his nomination, Adams had to choose a new running mate. But wait - what happened to Vice President John C. Calhoun? He had switched sides and became Jackson's running mate.

Why were Americans unwilling to support the Anglican Church after the American Revolution?

After the Revolutionary War, they wanted something that reflected their own values, something more American.

What was an unintended consequence of the Embargo of 1807?

Capital was shifted from commerce into manufacturing.

Which of the following correctly summarizes the Corrupt Bargain in 1824?

Clay offered to get John Quincy Adams elected as president if Adams would name Clay secretary of state.

How did the election of 1828 differ to most elections that preceded it?

For example, prior to 1828, there were more than two political parties vying for influence, and Congressional caucuses chose candidates for presidents. While that did not always translate into large numbers of politically viable candidates, as was the case in 1824, it certainly created numerous distractions for any campaign.

What is the American System?

Henry Clay's plan to unite America by improving roads and canals in a effort to increase trade.

What was the Northwest Ordinance?

In 1787, Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance to specify how these western lands would be governed. This ordinance declared that the region would be divided into three to five territories. When a territory had 5,000 free adult men, those men could elect a legislature. When the population reached 60,000 free inhabitants, the legislature could write a constitution and form a government. If Congress approved both, the territory would become a state. A number of the ordinance's provisions reflected the principle of equality. Each new state would have equal standing with the original states, and its people would enjoy the same freedoms and rights. Furthermore, slavery would be banned in any state formed from the region.

The American Revolution brought about which major change to the nation's formal political process?

One of the most dramatic effects of the Revolution was to include more men in the formal political process. Yeoman farmers and urban artisans made up a majority of elected officials in northern states and significant minorities elsewhere.

How did the views on a bill of rights of anti-federalists differ to those of federalists in the debate regarding the ratification of the Constitution?

The biggest criticism was that there was no Bill of Rights. During debate in Virginia, James Madison ceded the point that a Bill of Rights was needed, and the Federalists guaranteed that first on the agenda for the new government would be the adoption of a Bill of Rights.

What was an unintended consequence of the Embargo Act of 1807?

There was an economic depression in the U.S.

Which of the following regarding the 1828 election is FALSE?

This change in voter qualifications would lead to record-breaking voter participation in the election. Up to 80% of qualified voters voted.

Why were state conventions responsible for the ratification of the Constitution rather than the state government?

This made sure that the Constitution's authority came from representatives of the people, not the standing state government. By circumventing debate in the state legislatures, the Constitution avoided amendments by the state governments, who were jealous of yielding power to the national government.

During the Nullification Crisis, South Carolina wanted to _____ .

declare the federal tariff null and void

How did Jefferson respond to the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair?

he placed sanctions on europe

the things the north south and west relied were

heavy industry, slavery, and agriculture

What did the 1795 Treaty of Greenville accomplish?

It ended the Northwest Indian War by ceding most of modern Ohio to the US.

Which of the following situations was a result of the American Revolution?

It led to a struggling economy that impacted all Americans

Why did the Northwest Indian War start and who was the leader of the American troops?

It started because white settlers began moving into Native American territory and, foreseeing British support that never arrived, they battled against American troops led by the war hero General 'Mad' Anthony Wayne.

Why was the inauguration of Jackson in 1829 different to that of Adams' four years prior?

It was the first election that was open to the public

How did Jackson react to the fact that Mexico refused to sell Texas?

Jackson allowed American settlers to pour into Texas, and once they arrived, trouble began. By 1835, emigrants to Texas, led by Jackson's old friend Sam Houston, launched a revolt against Mexico, declaring Texas free and sovereign.

The people of Massachusetts rejected the constitution that was proposed by the state legislature in favor of one written by _____.

A specially elected committee

Adams-Onis Treaty

Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States

Under Pennsylvania's radical new constitution, which group of people had voting rights?

All men who paid taxes

Why did Madison charter the Second Bank of the United States?

Because America needed credit to pay for the War of 1812

Why did President Madison believe that the war of 1812 could be won?

Because he believed the British would be worn out by the French.

Why did Tecumseh organize his social movement?

Because he wanted to revive the native religion and oppose the U.S. government

Which political party dominated the early decades of the 19th century?

Democratic-republican

The Alien and Sedition Acts

Due to fear of a revolution in America, the Alien and Sedition Acts were meant to guard against a perceived threat of anarchy. Many Federalists believed the rebellious attitudes of Americans were caused by French and French-sympathizing immigrants. Therefore, the Alien and Sedition Acts were aimed at stopping immigrants from causing any disruption in the U.S.

Why was William Henry Harrison significant in the war of 1812?

He defeated the Indian coalition at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

John Marshall permanently changed the Supreme Court's role in government. Which of the following best demonstrates his legacy?

He secured the power of judicial review for the Supreme Court.

How did John Quincy Adams differ from Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe?

He was not part of the Virginia Dynasty

Which of the following is TRUE of American cities in the early to mid-1800s?

Midwestern cities grew in size and importance, and there were more large cities than ever before

Which of the following was the LAST state to ratify the Constitution?

Rhode Island

After the American revolution how did slavery differ in the north than in the south?

Rhode Island led the way in the north, initiating an emancipation policy beginning in 1784, while slavery remained legal in the south

What four bills made up the Alien and Sedition Acts?

The Alien and Sedition Acts were passed out of fear of anarchy and a revolution, similar to the French Revolution, occurring in America. The four bills were Naturalization, Alien, Alien Enemies, and Sedition.

The Articles of Confederation were ratified:

The Articles of Confederation were ratified in 1781, a few years after the Revolutionary War was over and territorial disputes had been solved. The Constitution was created after the Articles proved too weak, and the Civil War occurred almost about 90 years after the Articles were ratified. John Adams was not the driving factor in the ratification.

What was the original purpose of the Constitutional Convention?

The Articles of Confederation were too weak to create a functional federal government, so the Constitutional Convention convened to change the Articles.

The Great Compromise _____.

The Great Compromise appeased the larger states with representation based on population with the House of Representatives and the smaller states with equal representation in the Senate.

Why did the Whiskey Rebellion start in the United States?

The Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, put a 25% excise tax on all of the liquor sold in the United States.

In which region of America was the Second Great Awakening most influential?

The movement was especially influential on the western frontier of New York, which was called the 'Burned-Over District' after the fire of religious revival burned so intently there.

What happened in the XYZ Affair?

The three U.S. commissioners sent to France to negotiate were met by three agents of the French foreign minister, who demanded a $250,000 bribe and a $12,000,000 loan.

Why was the election of 1824 significant?

This was the first time there was no majority in the electoral college, so the House of Representatives had to choose the president. They choose John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson, even though Jackson had the majority of the popular vote

Why were American farmers looking for a new cash crop at the turn of the 19th century?

Tobacco had depleted the soil and was no longer profitable.

South Carolina's Constitution established that the following people could vote:

White males who owned enough property

How did the concept of 'Republican Motherhood' impact middle and upper class white women?

Women were given educational opportunities to ensure they properly schooled their sons

Which did NOT help start the Era of Good Feelings?

all of the indian conflicts were settled.

missori compromise

passed in 1820 allowed new states north of Missouri compromise line to enter as free states made it even 12 slave states 12 free

Adams' midnight appointments __________.

stacked the U.S. courts with Federalists.

According to Fletcher v. Peck, the Supreme Court asserted that, _____.

state legislation which violates federal law must be thrown out

Which of the following did Congress block, which prompted Jackson to veto several pieces of legislation?

the Treaty of New Echota, which would give the federal government all the power it needed to remove Indians from their lands.

How were John C. Calhoun and William H. Crawford similar?

they both held the office of secretary of war

Why did John C. Calhoun resign as vice president and return to the Senate?

to keep the situation from spiraling out of control

Identify which of the following is a profile of a person who could vote for the first time in 1828:

white male,