Praxis PLT Study Guide (5622) part 1

c. abstract thought

A 7th-grade ELA teacher notices that a student is only picking up concrete concepts and struggles to understand figurative or identify subtextual story elements such as theme. This might indicate that the student is delayed in exhibiting what characteristic of the "formal operations" stage of cognitive development? a. egocentric thought b. concrete operations c. abstract thought d. logical thought

c. the new teacher is asked by the department head to help present the idea to their principal and solicit his help by discussing it with the middle school principal

A department meeting with fifth-grade and sixth-grade language arts teachers is held to discuss a lack of student ability to recognize and understand the use of root words and affixes in the vocabulary-building process. A new teacher states that at the elementary school, a big emphasis is made to align different roots and affixes by each grade level so that a logical progression can be made from grade to the next. The intermediate teachers decide to meet with the teachers at the elementary feeder school to see what approaches have been used successfully in the fourth-grade to reinforce these concepts. In addition, the teachers thought it might be beneficial to meet with the seventh-grade LA teachers to determine if there is any pattern in student reading or writing skills that would indicate a lack of quality foundation that they could be reinforcing at the intermediate level. Which of the following would be the best way to affect this plan? a. the new teacher writes a formal letter to the LA department head at the middle school presenting the request that was discussed at the meeting b. the new intermediate teacher has a friend at the middle school who teaches LA seventh grade. She decides to ask her friend to get together with the other LA teachers to arrange the collaborative meeting between the two schools c. the new teacher is asked by the department head to help present the idea to their principal and solicit his help by discussing it with the middle school principal d. the new teacher calls the elementary school principal and makes the request for a collaborative meeting between the two schools' LA teachers

d. active engagement in the instructional activities greatly increases students' learning ability

A fourth-grade science teacher plans an experiment where students can freely manipulate the material, compare progress, and share their conclusions with their classmates. Which of the following is best demonstrated in the teacher's instructional strategy? a. student involvement in classroom activities increases with a decrease in classroom structure b. the students' ability to learn is greatest when they direct their own learning c. students must have peer interaction to obtain new knowledge d. active engagement in the instructional activities greatly increases students' learning ability

a. scaffolded

A fourth-grade teacher has noticed that the students are struggling with equivalent fractions. The teacher spends two days reviewing concepts from second and third grade. This approach is known as what type of instruction? a. scaffolded b. formal c. individualized d. differentiated

b. inform upcoming instructional strategies

A mathematics teacher gives her classes a two-question clicker quiz at the end of each class period and tabulates their answers according to their mathematical understanding, misconceptions, and error patterns. If her goal is improvement in her student's mathematical proficiency, her best use of the data would be to use it to: a. develop instruction that connects mathematical concepts and procedures b. inform upcoming instructional strategies c. create a display highlighting mathematical vocabulary for ELLs d. teach students to model and solve problems in other disciplines

c. talk with the new teacher and offer to modify the test together next time so that it is aligned with the IEP goals

A new teacher is giving her first social studies test and needs to modify it for her students with an IEP. She is unsure of how to change the questions so she just spaces them out and removes one answer choice. Overall, the students who take this test do poorly. What should the special education teacher do? a. reassure the new teacher that she did the right thing and that the special education students often perform poorly on exams b. talk with the new teacher and have her excuse the students from the test c. talk with the new teacher and offer to modify the test together next time so that it is aligned with the IEP goals d. offer the new teacher a conference of professional development seminar on modifying tests

b. are the colors matching in the space and does it look appealing?

A new teacher is setting up her classroom and wants to ensure the space is ideal for learning. Which of the following is the least important question this teacher should ask when determining the layout of the classroom? a. are all students able to access what they need in the space? b. are the colors matching in the space and does it look appealing? c. are there any things in the space that might hinder a student's ability to perform in the space? d. do all students have a clear view of the teacher if needed?

d. deliver instruction to the student in the least restrictive environment

A student with disabilities is enrolling in a new school. In order to prepare for this new student, the school should understand the legal rights of the student and the responsibility of the school to: a. allow the student to be grouped with students have similar disabilities b. edit the student's IEP each grading period, based on their performance c. ensure the student is able to make passing grades in reading and math the same level as their grade level d. deliver instruction to the student in the least restrictive environment

b. a token-reward system

A teacher gives a sticker to a second-grade student with an emotional disability each time he uses polite words or raises his hand. At the end of the day, he can trade in his stickers for a prize. What behavioral strategy is the teacher using? a. a self-management system b. a token-reward system c. a modeling strategy d. a reinforcement schedule

b. informal formative assessment

A teacher is monitoring her class while the students are involved in a group activity exploring the size of angels in a set of triangles. She moves from group to group, pausing and watching the group dynamics. What the teacher is doing can best be described as: a. formal formative assessment b. informal formative assessment c. informal summative assessment d. formal summative assessment

a. concept map c. a brainstorming session d. an anticipatory guide

A teacher knows that activating students' prior knowledge before learning about a new topic is a great way to engage students and improve their learning experience. Which of the following activities can she use to accomplish this? Select all that apply. a. concept map b. an outline c. a brainstorming session d. an anticipatory guide

a. the teacher regularly takes on the role of a collaborator

A teacher often welcomes her peers into the classroom to observe her teaching methods. As well, the teacher meets with new teachers each week to help guide them through their first year of teaching. Aside from being approachable, the teacher also assembles a newsletter for teachers in the district to share insights about professional development and teaching best practices. The teacher's actions indicate which of the following? a. the teacher regularly takes on the role of the collaborator b. the teacher regularly acts a caregiver to those around her c. the teacher regularly embraces her role as community leaders d. the teacher regularly acts as both an educator and learner

c. urge Bob to confess his action to their mother because he broke the rules by lying, and people should never tell lies

A teacher shares with students the following scenario and asks the class to discuss the ethical decision-making implication of the situation: Bob asks his mother for $40 so that he can take a trip with the school hiking club. His mother tells him that if he contributes $20 of his own money, she will contribute the other $20. A week before the trip, Bob tells her mother that we will need $30 from her because he was only able to save $10. She gives him $30. Bob later tells his younger sister that he actually had $20 but lied to their mother so that we could have pocket money for the trip. What should Bob's sister do? A student at Kohlberg's stage 4 of moral development would most likely say that the sister should a. make a deal with Bob that if he will keep a secret for his sister in the future, she will not tell their mother b. tell their mother because the sister could also be punished if Bob gets caught c. urge Bob to confess his action to their mother because he broke the rules by lying and people should never tell lies d. encourage Bob to confess his action to their mother because he must be responsible for his own behavior

d. summative assessment

A test given at the end of a unit on weather and climate is an example of: a. performance assessment b. formative assessment c. self-assessment d. summative assessment

c. pair the vocabulary word with a picture and simple definition d. provide translated versions of the vocabulary words

A third-grade classroom includes several students who are ELLs. The students are reading a novel, and the teacher has introduced a list of vocabulary on the bulletin board. The ELL students are not currently reading on grade level. Which of the following strategies could help them to learn vocabulary words? (select all that apply) a. all the students to listen to the snippets of an audio version of the novel b. have students read an abridged version of the novel in their native language(s) c. pair the vocabulary word with a picture and simple definition d. provide translated versions of the vocabulary words

b. cognitive scientists

A view held by __________ is that children do not learn language through stimulus-response connection, such as how the eye blinks when a buff of air hits it. Instead, this viewpoint would place importance on allowing for processing language before producing it. a. behaviorist scientists b. cognitive scientists c. linguists d. none of the above

c. artifact

A/n _____ is something human-made that has been preserved over a long period of time a. model b. fossil c. artifact d. manipulation

d. logical interpretations

According to Jean Piaget's periods of cognitive development, students in upper elementary begin to apply which of the following? a. hypothetical ideas b. symbolic thinking c. abstract ideas d. logical interpretations

c. concrete operational

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, a typically developing fourth-grade student is in which stage of development? a. formal operational b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. sensorimotor

c. the meetings must not interfere with the orderly conduct of educational activities within the school

According to the Equal Access Act (20 USC Sec. 4071), which of the following correctly states a criterion under which a school would be deemed to offer to a fair opportunity to students who wish to conduct meetings as limited open forums? a. all students in the school must attend the meetings unless excused for specific religious or cultural reasons b. the school must fund all expenses for each student organization holding meetings on school property c. the meetings must not interfere with the orderly conduct of educational activities within the school d. a person not affiliated with the school must direct, conduct, control, or regularly attend activities of student groups

d. nothing. As a teacher, it is unprofessional to post negative comments about education

After a long day at school, Miss Jackson gets home and opens up Facebook. She is frustrated because a parent has been complaining about her teaching methods and behavior management. Which of the following is acceptable to post as a status update on her social media page? a. "Education would be great if it weren't for parents! Such a long day!" b. "I love my job, but it can be so frustrating sometimes." c. "Can't wait until June when I don't have to deal with parent meetings." d. nothing. As a teacher, it is unprofessional to post negative comments about education

a. extrinsic motivation can enable students to depend on short term learning as opposed to authentic learning

Although extrinsic motivation often works with students, it can also be detrimental for the long term. Which of these is an example of a negative outcome of extrinsic motivation? a. extrinsic motivation can enable students to depend on short term learning as opposed to authentic learning b. as students progress in school, there are fewer extrinsic motivators c. extrinsic motivators allow students choice in what they want to work toward d. there are no extrinsic motivators in adult life

.b. social learning theory

An art teacher shows her class a video of an artist creating pointillism. Students then create an original piece of art based on the technique shown in the video. Which of the following educational theories is this method based on? a. connectivism b. social learning theory c. cognitivism d. behaviorism

b. observe the first-and second-graders as they work with the materials and use the resources provided by the center

An elementary school just developed a new science activity center for its first-and second-grade classes. The principal wants to ensure the science center is effective. Which is the best method of evaluation for the principal to use in assessing the center's effectiveness? a. compare the levels of school enjoyment between the students that use and do not use the center b. observe the first-and second-graders as they work with the materials and use the resources provided by the center c. count the number of students that use the center before and after recess d. require students to use the center to complete a survey which evaluates how well they think they know science

c. he is extrinsically motivated to stay on top of the class

Andy is at the top of his class. Everyday, he tries to study lessons in advance. He is always prepared for a pop quiz. He makes sure that he remains on top. His mom motivates him to do his best. She tells him that he needs to stay on top so that he can go to the best university in the future. He is also given a reward at the end of the school year if he remains on top of the class? What can we say about Andy's motivation? a. he is motivated to stay on top of the class to make his mother happy b. he is intrinsically motivated to stay on top of the class c. he is extrinsically motivated to stay on top of the class

d. students work in groups to create a concept map over the unit

At the end of a unit covering the Louisiana Purchase, a teacher would like to have a review day before the test. Rather than giving direct instruction, she wants students to work together to review. Which of these methods should be included in her lesson plan? a. the teacher gives a lecture and has stopping points for students to "think-pair-share" b. a review packet is completed in groups c. a video over the Louisiana purchase is shown d. students work in groups to create a concept map over the unit

b. ask he department head or team leader for advice and request a mentor teacher with whom to work

At the year's beginning, a new teacher becomes unsure about all of her responsibilities, including instruction and required documentation and record-keeping. Which of the following would be the most effective way for this teacher to secure help? a. go online to get ideas from teacher blogs, ect. b. ask he department head or team leader for advice and request a mentor teacher with whom to work c. revisit college textbooks and notes on instruction and procedures d. use the professional library on campus to research how teachers can use their time more efficiently

b. concrete operations

At which of the following phases do children begin to think logically? a. preoperational b. concrete operations c. sensorimotor d. formal operations

a. plan for, teach, and enforce routine for transition times and classroom housekeeping tasks

Classroom management research findings suggest that one of the most effective ways to maximize the amount of time elementary school children spend on academic activities is for the teacher to do which of the following? a. plan for, teach, and enforce routine for transition times and classroom housekeeping tasks b. assign homework three times a week in the major subjects c. assign individual reading on new topics before discussing the topic in class d. introduce new material in a lecture followed immediately by a questioning session on material

c. Ms. Kane provides Dan with a graphic organizer, or a skeleton outline, of the lecture so Dan can fill in the missing information as it is provided

Dan is one of 2 students in Ms. Kane's fifth grade class under the "least restrictive environment" provision. Dan has a very limited attention span and says he usually cannot follow what is going on in class. One of the IEP objectives for Dan is "Given a 10-12 minute lecture/oral lesson, Dan will take appropriate notes as judged by the teacher". Which of the following strategies has the best potential to help Dan meet this goal by the end of the year? a. Ms. Kane grades Dan's notes on lecture/oral lesson materials and incorporates the grade into Dan's overall class grade b. Ms. Kane allows Dan to tape-record the lecture/oral lesson, rather than taking notes, and then listen to the tape at home to learn the material c. Ms. Kane provides Dan with a graphic organizer, or a skeleton outline, of the lecture so Dan can fill in the missing information as it is provided d. Ms. Kane seats Dan with a student he says he likes and allows Dan to ask that student questions as the lecture/oral lesson proceeds

d. Daryl did as well on this this test as an average eighth-grader in the second month of the school would do on the same test

Dayrl, a sixth-grader, receives a score report from a standardized mathematics test taken by his entire sixth-grade class that includes both a grade-equivalent score and a national percentile rank. Dayrl's grade-equivalent score is 8.2. His national percentile rank is 87. Daryl's grade-equivalent score indicates that which of the following is true? a. Daryl did as well on his test as an average eighth-grade student in the second month of school would do on an eighth-grade test b. Daryl can do the mathematics expected of an average eighth-grader who is in the second month of the school year c. Daryl may well encounter difficulties in the later stages of the eighth-grade mathematics curriculum d. Daryl did as well on this this test as an average eighth-grader in the second month of the school would do on the same test

b. repeated exposure to the vocabulary that helps place it in the students' schemas

During a class discussion, a teacher requires students to respond to questions and to ask other complete sentences and at least one vocabulary word in each speaking turn. The teacher has provided sentence stems and has a word wall for reference. The greatest benefit of this practice is: a. increased engagement and participation in the discussion b. repeated exposure to the vocabulary that helps place it in the students' schema c. improved conversational skills d. a transfer of learning

b. a routine for rewarding students who finish work promptly is not in place

During a visit to a second-grade classroom, a student teacher observed a child spending the time allotted for a worksheet either looking out the window or doodling on his paper. When the student teacher asked the child if he needed help on the assignment, he said no. When asked why he wasn't doing it, he pointed to another student and said "she does all her work fast and when she's done, she gets more work". The boy's reaction suggests which of the following about his classroom? a. a routine has been established for students who are having trouble finishing an assignment to ask the teacher for assisstance b. a routine for rewarding students who finish work promptly is not in place c. students must work along on seatwork, without consulting other students d. students who finish work before the whole class is finished must not interrupt the students who are still working

d. read the essay aloud, in unison with the children, then leave it displayed where they can examine it

For developing the language abilities of kindergarteners, which of the following would be the most appropriate way to follow up the writing of a group essay? a. prepare a list of the most difficult words for the children to learn to spell b. show the children how to revise the sentences to make them longer and more complex structurally c. have the children print the essay for themselves, practice writing it, using cursive letters d. read the essay aloud, in unison with the children, then leave it displayed where they can examine it

d. Do I consistently address all my students' intellectual involvement and active learning preferences when I design my lessons?

If Mr. Melton desires to evaluate the learning environment in his classroom, which of the following would be the most important question to ask himself? a. Is my personal philosophy toward instruction and continuing education in touch with students of the 21st century? b. Do I engage my students in thinking critically and consistently use appropriate wait time? c. Have I fully covered the state standards assigned to my subject area? d. Do I consistently address all my students' intellectual involvement and active learning preferences when I design my lessons?

a. industry vs inferiority

In a fourth-grade classroom, a student receives an A on his spelling test. He is praised by his parents and earns A's on subsequent spelling tests. After writing a well-devoted essay, his teacher encourages him to submit a story for the school's newspaper. The student feels confident in his ability to write and submit a story even though he has not submitted anything to the school's newspaper previously. Which of Erikson's psychosocial development stages is best described by this scenario? a. industry vs inferiority b. autonomy vs shame and doubt c. identity vs role confusion d. initiative vs guilt

d. using a video and game simulation as resources during the lesson

In their social studies class, students are learning about the Battle of Gettysburg. The teacher recognizes that many of the students in the class are tactile learners. With this understanding, the teacher should develop which type of activity to assess student learning? a. reuiring students to pinpoint locations of key events on a map b. taking students with creating a poem or song that identifies key events in the battle c. having students act out the role play the movements of the armies during one of the battles d. using a video and game simulation as resources during the lesson

d. use pictures and information from various websites in a class presentation

Mr. Appleton is considering providing some material for his students from the internet. Which of the following is Mr. Appleton legally permitted to do so under fair use guidelines? a. stream an entertaining movie from a website as a reward to students for good grades b. distribute a single-user access login, purchased by the school, to students c. compile interesting articles and videos from various websites for non-instructional use by the students d. use pictures and information from various websites in a class presentation

b. the teacher addresses the different learning styles of the students

Mr. Banner is a teacher that utilizes a variety of instructional activities, such as lectures, group projects, videos, and research projects in his classroom. Which of the following describes the greatest benefit of using a variety of instructional activities in a classroom? a. the teacher is more attentive and excited about the material being taught b. the teacher addresses the different learning styles of the students c. the teacher can demonstrate to the administration the exciting nature of the teaching d. the teacher has a variety of teaching styles

a. teach more advanced multiplication content to challenge his students

Mr. Barrios is teaching a unit on multiplication to his fifth-grade class. On the very first day, he gives an exit slip with the following problem on it: 123.456x789=______. Every single student gets the question correct. How should he adjust his teaching? a. teach more advanced multiplication content to challenge his students b. reteach the lesson because students are failing to understand the material c. give more difficult exit slips d. continue with his unit as planned; his students are clearly understanding the material

a. walk from group to group while observing the students

Mr. Daniels has assigned his class a group project and wants to ensure the students understand the project as they complete it. Which of the following would be the best strategy to monitor student understanding during the project? a. walk from group to group while observing the students b. assign one group member to observe and report on the group members' understanding c. provide a self-assessment questionnaire for students to complete after the group project is finished d. observe the students from the front of the class

a. providing and discussing the rubric that will be used to grade the project with the students

Mr. MacArthur is about to assign a major project to his students. Which of the following strategies would help promote students' understanding of the project's expectations? a. providing and discussing the rubric that will be used to grade the project with the students b. establishing work benchmarks where students must present a completion of work to the instructor throughout the project c. requiring students to self-assess their progress as they work to complete the project d. asking students to discuss the project with their parents and allowing the parents to contact the teacher directly with any questions

b. make dictionaries accessible to the students and allow for additional time to complete the assignments while other students can work independently

Mr. Martin is planning an instructional unit and wants to adjust the lesson to meet the needs of the ELLs in his class. Each student has a varying level of English proficiency. What is the best strategy to adjust the instructional unit to meet the student's needs? a. allow the ELL students to work together during group activities to promote English proficiency b. make dictionaries accessible to the students and allow for additional time to complete the assignments while other students can work independently c. send the ELL students to the resource room for supplemental instruction during presentations d. adjust on during presentations Adjust the content to make the presentation and homework assignments simpler to accommodate varying language proficiencies

c. incorporate books and other resources that represent a variety of cultural perspectives into classroom learning lessons

Mr. Newton, an elementary teacher, is organizing his classroom resources for the upcoming school year. One of his goals for the year is to help students appreciate and understand cultural diversity. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for meeting this goal? a. create a learning center activity about various cultures for individual students to complete independently b. create a calendar that highlights the holidays and significant celebrations of various cultures c. incorporate books and other resources that represent a variety of cultural perspectives into classroom learning lesson d. place posters on the walls depicting various cultures

c. explain the effects of assigning consequences and not following through on them, especially with students who have behavior concerns

Mr. Ortiz is a paraprofessional that provides in-class support for sixth-grade students with emotional disabilities. The students will receive five minutes of free choice time if they complete work independently. Mr. Ortiz often prompts the students to begin working and reminds them of their free choice activities, but he doesn't consistently follow through with providing free choice options before onto the next activity? a. threaten Mr. Ortiz with disciplinary action as he is not following the procedure b. keep data that shows the number of times Mr. Ortiz offers free choices but moves onto the next assignment instead c. explain the effects of assigning consequences and not following through on them, especially with students who have behavior concerns d. reassign implementation to the sixth-grade teacher because Mr. Ortiz should not be responsible for behavior

d. using varied strategies and adjusting communication to reach all students

Mr. Prince teaches fourth-grade math. He records his lessons and posts them online for students to watch when they need to review. He explains verbally and writes down instruction. He also offers manipulatives for the class to use when needed. Mr. Prince's way of teaching is a great example of: a. working too hard to teach simple concepts b. visual teaching styles c. using technology to teach students d. using varied strategies and adjusting communication to reach all students

a. use short multimedia presentations such as PowerPoint to deliver content that is accompanied by pictures or short videos

Mr. Ray typically begins each day with direct-teaching instruction where he uses the whiteboard and lecture notes to teach the students. Many times, he has turned around from writing on the whiteboard to find students distracting each other. Of the following, what would be the most effective technique to maintain the students' interest? a. use short multimedia presentations such as PowerPoint to deliver content that is accompanied by pictures or short videos b. place a mirror above the whiteboard so he can monitor the students' behavior while he writes c. require the students to only have a pencil and paper on their desk d. allow the students to invite local community members to speak about the content and how it relates to the students' community

d. flexibility and the ability to adjust a lesson that is not working as intended

Mr. Valdez planned a revision lesson where he shows the class before and after examples of the rough and final draft of an essay. He then provides class time for students to begin revising their work, but many students are emphatic that their essay is done and want to turn it in as is. Mr. Valdez backs up and models the process of revision, and writes a list on the board, specifying what to look for as they revise. What does Mr. Valdez demonstrate in this scenario? a. willingness to allow students to learn from their mistakes b. cross-curricular collaboration c. the ability to empathize with his students d. flexibility and the ability to adjust a lesson that is not working as intended

c. case study

Mr. Zeng has assigned the students in his Investment Management class to advise a fictitious client, Granny Smith. Their assignment is to construct a diversified investment portfolio for Granny Smith that will help her prepare her to retire in 6 years. What specific type of indirect instruction is Mr. Zeng using for this assignment? a. concept mapping b. project-based learning c. case study d. reflective writing

b. a test over homeostasis and the processes involved

Mrs. Hogan is wrapping up a unit on homeostasis. She would like to assess student knowledge before she moves on. Which of the following would be the best summative assessment? a. a video and accompanying worksheet over homeostasis in animal cells b. a test over homeostasis and the processes involved c. a lab activity in which students observe homeostasis and the process required to maintain it d. a review game over homeostasis

b. a test with a set standard, or amount correct, required to pass

Mrs. Larken is providing information to her class about an upcoming state-mandated standardized test. She explains that this test is a criterion-referenced test. Which of the following describes a criterion-referenced test? a. a test that compares the score to a "norm group" b. a test with a set standard, or amount correct, required to pass c. a multiple choice test d. a test where more points are lost for an incorrect answer than for a question unanswered

a. concrete operational

Mrs. Lilly, a fifth-grade teacher, is explaining to her students how the moon influences ocean tides. She uses a visual aid of a ball and two buckets of water to enhance student learning because her students are probably at what stage of development in terms of Piaget's theory? a. concrete operational b. sensorimotor c. preoperaiotnal d. formal operational

b. use a system the students are familiar with as an example, such as demonstrating that a computer does not work without a power cord

Mrs. Sims wants to teach her first-grade science class how parts work together to allow systems to work, and without all the parts, systems may not work properly. Which of the following instructional strategies is the best way to convey this concept? a. teach the concept multiple times and adjust the vocabulary used to describe key parts b. use a system the students are familiar with as an example, such as demonstrating that a computer does not work without a power cord c. show a diagram of a basic system and how all of the parts work together to allow the system to function d. give students a worksheet that highlights the key terms of

d. introduce the students to the use of a communication board and how disabled individuals use the board to communicate

Ms. Allen has a new student joining her class after Thanksgiving break. The new student is disabled and uses a communication board to communicate with his parents, teachers, and peers. Before the student arrives in class, which of the following strategies would most likely help her current students in making the new student feel a part of the classroom community? a. have each current student in her classroom take a turn acting as a buddy to the new student b. have students brainstorm fun activities to make their class unique c. require students to communicate without using their voices and then lead the class discussion on how it was difficult d. introduce the students to the use of a communication board and how disable individuals use the board to communication

b. a score of 45 can be observed to the right of the curve

Ms. Clancy plotted the scores of her students in a normal distribution curve. She observes that out of the 60 items, the lowest score is 25 and the highest is 60. The average score of her students is 48. Which of the following cannot be observed from the normal curve? a. a score of 35 can be observed to the left of the curve b. a score of 45 can be observed to the right of the curve c. a score of 48 is in the middle of the curve d. a score of 50 can be observed to the right of the curve

a. non-interventionalist

Ms. Smith follows a particular theory of child management. In her classroom, you will see: Ms. Smith does not discipline students often. She does not want to punish or impede a student's natural desire to improve. Students manage their own behaviors with subtle guidance from Ms. Smith, such as eye contact or a gentle pat on the shoulder when misbehaving. What theory of child management does Ms. Smith employ? a. non-interventionalist b. interventionist c. non-interactionist d. interactionist

b. the classroom rules and procedures, letting them know she expects each student to follow the rules

On the first day of class, Mrs. Patterson wants to ensure she creates the best classroom environment for her third-grade students on of the first things she should convey to the students is: a. the importance of letting their parents know the scope and sequence of the upcoming school year via a letter sent home with them, as the best means of communication to reach Mrs. Patterson b. the classroom rules and procedures, letting them know she expects each student to follow the rules c. her background in education and the credentials and qualification she holds as an educator d. that her classroom is an open environment where students are free to pursue their academic interests

c. intrinsically motivated by interest in the content

Sara is a student who reads above grade-level and discusses ideas at a high level, but has been known to neglect class work and leave assignments unfinished when she does not see the point. She is not motivated by grades and her participation depends mostly on the subject being studied. Which of the following best describes Sara? a. externally motivated by grades b. intrinsically motivated by a love a reading c. intrinsically motivated by interest in the content d. externally motivated by teacher approval

a. create heterogeneous groups with a defined goal, where all students have a specific, unique role in achieving the goal

Students in Mr. Clark's classroom has a wide range of academic ability levels. Mr. Clark wants to regularly use group activities to support the classroom learning objectives. Which of the following strategies is most likely to help promote the success of all students during these group activities? a. create heterogeneous groups with a defined goal, where all students have a specific, unique role in achieving the goal b. allow students to form their own groups and select a goal that will help reinforce classroom learning objectives c. create homogenous groups, with a defined goal, where all students have a specific, unique role in achieving the goal d. randomly group students together and have groups compete against each other to achieve a goal

b. cognitivism

Students who have mastered a set of information can apply what they've learned to a new situation. This statement is aligned with which of the following theories? a. connectivism b. cognitivism c. constructivism d. behaviorism

b. attendance

The following are included in the academic records of students except a. artworks b. attendance c. writing samples d. tests and quizzes

c. reading a novel and researching the time period it was in

What is an example of an interdisciplinary lesson? a. completing a math problem and reviewing it with your teacher b. reviewing how to do a science lab and creating a poster on your favorite science topic c. reading a novel and researching the time period it was in d. reading a novel and writing an essay on it

d. it sets an example for problem-strategies that the student can use in multiple situations

What is the primary benefit of a teacher working with a student to think about step-by-step causes of a problem and the possible solutions? a. it provides a real-world context for classroom instruction and higher-order thinking skills b. it demonstrates how small issues can lead to large problems and how to identify a problem's cause in order to avoid it c. it demonstrates the use of higher order thinking skills in identifying multiple solutions to one problem d. it sets an example for problem-strategies that the student can use in multiple situations

b. the difficulty level of the question

When asking a student a question, which of the following should be the primary consideration of the teacher for response time by a student? a. the length of the class period b. the difficulty level of the question c. the number of other students who have raised their hands to answer the question d. how closely the question correlates to content being taught by the teacher

d. able to write paragraphs

Which of the following behaviors is not common for a seven-year-old student? a. able to recognize left and right b. able to tell time c. able to understand use multiple-meaning words d. able to write paragraphs

b. a systematic collection of materials selected to demonstrate a persons' level of knowledge, skill, or ability in a particular area

Which of the following best defines a portfolio assessment? a. an explicit set of criteria used for assessing a particular type of work or performance that usually includes potential levels of achievement for each criterion b. a systematic collection of materials selected to demonstrate a persons' level of knowledge, skill, or ability in a particular area c. an information written record for tracking a child's social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development d. a tool used to gather information that can help teachers make sense of educational situations, gauge the effectiveness of educational practices, and plan for improvement

d. the final score is based on the overall quality of the content of the mechanics

Which of the following best describes holistic scoring regarding a writing assignment? a. the score best reflects the students' self-assessment of the work b. the writing is divided into parts and each part is given a distinct grade c. the assignment is used to rank students' ability within the grade-level classroom d. the final score is based on the overall quality of the content of the mechanics

d. using manipulative cubes with second-grade students to help them learn regrouping in addition

Which of the following best describes instruction using Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)? a. giving second-grade students a work sheet of two-digit addition problems to complete independently b. giving first-grade students a book to read independently at their instructional reading level c. using a book at a group of first-grade students' independent reading level in a guided reading group d. using manipulative cubes with second-grade students to help them learn regrouping in addition

d. classroom-specific homework assignments and due dates

Which of the following can be communicated through an open forum where all students, parents, and teachers can view the information? a. students' learning disability diagnoses and curriculum modifications b. students' progress reports c. standardized testing scores d. classroom-specific homework assignments and due dates

c. providing student-specific instruction in areas where students struggle

Which of the following characteristics is considered a strength of a flexible ability group? a. reducing student stigmatization by teaching the same curriculum b. providing opportunities for more able students to assist less able peers in learning c. providing student-specific instruction in areas where students struggle d. maintaining high level of expectations for all students

c. concept map

Which of the following classroom tools best reflects cognitive theory? a. skeleton notes b. video clips c. concept map d. lab demonstration

d. teacher coaches should create an environment of trust is unique to every learning situation

Which of the following correctly states an aspect of effective reflective practice? a. peer coaching should be done sparingly because it can interfere with a coach's reflective potential b. reflective practice, to remain truly professional, should exclude student input that challenges teaching practices c. the reflection process should be free of links to conceptual frameworks that limit inquiry and problem solving d. teacher coaches should create an environment of trust is unique to every learning situation

c. the student's solutions prove viable, although they give the initial appearance of novelty

Which of the following descriptors best characterizes creativity? a. the student's ideas are generated in spurts, few of which tend to be relevant to solving a specific problem b. the student's solutions are generally based on established perspectives or frameworks c. the student's solutions prove viable, although they give the initial appearance of novelty d. the student's abilities typically apply uniformly across all learning domains, not just one

b. a 504 plan is the same as an IEP and they can be used interchangeably

Which of the following does not accurately reflect the 504 designation? a. a 504 plan provides requirements for classroom teachers to adjust instruction or the environment in various ways to better meet the student's needs b. a 504 plan is the same as an IEP and they can be used interchangeably c. a 504 plan defines accommodations for student success in the general education classroom when the student has an impairment that significantly impacts their life d. the document may require accommodations like providing notes to a student instead of expecting them to copy the projected notes, or providing a seating assignment that decreases distractions

a. providing mnemonic devices, such as rhymes and limericks that aid the memory

Which of the following interventions would be most effective in helping someone overcome encoding issues? a. providing mnemonic devices, such as rhymes and limericks that aid the memory b. practices that aid with the retrieval of stored memories through repetition and other recursive activities c. telling the individual to relax, given that stress can impair the encoding process d. providing the individual with caffeine, as it stimulates brain function

b. percentile rank

Which of the following is a type of test score used to show a student's relative position among a group so students in the same grade who are tested at the same time? a. percent correct b. percentile rank c. raw score d. composite score

d. all of these examples of speech impairments

Which of the following is an example of a speech impairment? a. stuttering b. voice problems c. articulation issues d. all of these are examples of speech impairments

c. explain why the established rules are necessary for enhancing student cooperation

Which of the following is best for a teacher to do when establishing classroom rules? a. mention the rules once at the beginning of the school year b. state the rules in a forceful way to establish authority c. explain why the established rules are necessary for enhancing student cooperation d. create as many rules as possible to guarantee order and control in the classroom

b. allow students room to control the discussion and share their thoughts thoroughly and often

Which of the following is best for a teacher to do when leading a class problem-based discussion? a. feed students lines that will prompt correct answers b. allow students room to control the discussion and share their thoughts thoroughly and often c. control the discussion so as to model how students should interact d. make sure to provide insights after each student comments

b. providing students with inquiry-based cooperative learning activities

Which of the following is the best practice for promoting a positive learning environment? a. subtracting class points for the day according to students' behavior at regular intervals b. providing students with inquiry-based cooperative learning activities c. conducting lessons in lecture format d. creating class rules without student input

c. building on skills that a student already has

Which of the following is the correct definition of scaffolding? a. understanding rules that govern the construction of words into phrases or sentences b. breaking words into small parts to sound it out c. building on skills that a student already has d. hearing the different sounds of human speech

b. building on skills that a student already has

Which of the following is the correct definition of scaffolding? a. understanding rules that govern the construction of words into phrases or sentences b. building on skills that a student already has c. breaking words into small parts to sound it out d. hearing the different sounds of human speech

c. understanding how people learn and incorporate new information into their schema

Which of the following is the explanation of learning theory? a. differentiated instruction to meet the needs of individual learners b. a method of classroom management to increase student participation c. understanding how people learn and incorporate new information into their schema d. a method of teaching reading to struggling readers

a. identifying mastered skills and skills in need of further development

Which of the following is the primary reason that teachers administer formative assessments? a. identifying mastered skills and skills in need of further development b. determining current knowledge before beginning a unit of study c. comparing student performance to that of same-age peers across the country d. assessing student performance at the end of a chapter of study

b. expository teaching

Which of the following kinds of instruction is frequently contrasted with discovery learning? a. simulation games b. expository teaching c. mastery learning d. schema training

b. teachers collaborate to formulate, select, and monitor classroom management techniques and other classroom procedures based on successful experiences

Which of the following professional strategies is most likely to result in improved student motivation and academic performance? a. each teacher employs the classroom management techniques with which he or she feels most comfortable b. teachers collaborate to formulate, select, and monitor classroom management techniques and other classroom procedures based on successful experiences c. a subset of teachers determines the rules to be given to the other teachers who then impose the rules on their classes d. teachers elect a colleague to represent them in working with the administration to determine a set of five best practices to be used at teacher's discretion

d. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

Which of the following requires that schools keep student information and records confidential? a. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) b. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) c. Section 504 d. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

a. a first-grade teacher guides students as they complete the "K" column on a KWL chart

Which of the following scenarios describes an example of a teacher activating students' background knowledge? a. a first-grade teacher guides students as they complete the "K" column on a KWL chart b. as an extension activity, a second-grade teacher asks students to research an endangered animal of their choice c. a third-grade teacher asks students to summarize the main events of a story during a "think-pair-share" discussion d. a kindergarten teacher has students sing a song to help remember the days of the week

d. a student is motivated to complete her homework because her parents said that she can have ice cream once she is finished

Which of the following situations is an example of extrinsic motivation? a. a student is motivated to try out for the concert choir because he has never participated in in this group and wants to learn a new skill b. a student is motivated to volunteer at an animal shelter because she has previously adopted a cat and wants to help other animals in need c. a student s motivated to implement coping strategies that he has practiced in counseling sessions because he wants to find more productive ways to deal with frustration d. a student is motivated to complete her homework because her parents said that she can have ice cream once she is finished

b. using deductive reasoning

Which of the following skills is typically developed in the "formal operations" stage of cognitive development? a. using inductive reasoning b. using deductive reasoning c. develop egocentric thought d. gaining object permanence

a. sequence

Which of the following terms refers to how the material is ordered and displayed to students? a. sequence b. integration c. continuity d. planning

a. first-grade students using manipulatives to understand addition and subtraction

Which of the following would be a developmentally-appropriate activity for typical students? a. first-grade students using manipulatives to understand addition and subtraction b. second-grade students using manipulatives to learn 2D shapes c. fifth-grade students raising caterpillars to butterflies, to understand life cycles d. sixth-grade students writing independent research papers over a broad topic

b. identifying criteria and purpose prior to developing a checklist

Which of the following would be the most appropriate way for a teacher to prepare a direct observation? a. outlining expectations to students being observed b. identifying criteria and purpose prior to developing a checklist c. identifying when and for how long the observation will occur d. outlining predicted behaviors to use as a comparison after the observation

a. seat the student close to instruction so that he can look at the teacher when she is speaking

Which of the following would be the most effective way to organize a classroom to help a first-grade student with a hearing impairment participate in daily classroom activities? a. seat the student close to instruction so that he can look at the teacher when she is speaking b. provide detailed written directions to accompany all instruction that the teacher gives verbally c. use closed captions whenever the class is watching a video clip during instruction d. select a peer who can repeat the teacher's directions to the student

b. provide calendars to the students with the project due date marked, then ask them to create a plan when each part of the project should be completed along the way

Which of the following would most help students develop time-management skills while working on a multi-step project that extends across many weeks? a. require students to journal their progress and describe their next steps at the end of each class period b. provide calendars to the students with the project due date marked, then ask them to create a plan when each part of the project should be completed along the way c. ask the librarian to demonstrate to students how best to maintain research notes through a research project d. allow students to create and have access to a computer folder to store and maintain their research notes and outlines

a. a senior history teacher discusses presidential candidates during class to attempt to persuade a newly 18 year-old student to vote for the candidate the teacher supports

Which of the following would not be considered protected speech in an educational setting? a. a senior history teacher discusses presidential candidates during class to attempt to persuade a newly 18 year-old student to vote for the candidate the teacher supports b. a student student wears a shirt supporting a certain candidate for president c. a teacher discusses the history of a religious figure with the context of the curriculum d. a student speaks out in a history class about his personal religious beliefs

a. emotional abuse

Which of the following would not negatively impact a students' physical development? a. emotional abuse b. exposure to drugs c. physical abuse d. lack of sleep

d. young people develop moral values without the influence of family or friends

Which statement does not correctly apply to moral development? a. teachers must work to create a classroom where justice and empathy guide student choices b. morality is often based on what society thinks is good c. moral development begins later than other areas of development d. young people develop moral values without the influence of family or friends

a. Bruner

Which theorist proposed that learning is an active process in which current knowledge is built upon to construct new ideas? a. Bruner b. Maslow c. Kholberg d. Vygotsky

c. identifying struggling students

___ is the most important aspect of using assessment data to drive instruction a. improving instruction b. inputting grades c. identifying struggling students d. identifying mastery