Prep U - Infection

An HIV-positive 34-year-old client asks the nurse how often she should have a Pap test. What is the best response by the nurse? "You can be tested every 3 years." "You don't need a Pap test for at least 7 years." "You should have a Pap test every 5 years." "You should have a Pap test more frequently than every 3 years."

"You should have a Pap test more frequently than every 3 years."

A nurse provides care for a diverse population of clients on a busy, acute medicine unit. Which client is likely the most susceptible to infection? A 55-year-old woman who developed acute kidney failure because of poorly controlled diabetes A 70-year-old man who has been diagnosed with polycythemia (excess red blood cell production) A 27-year-old woman who was admitted in hyperglycemic crisis (high blood glucose) and who has subsequently been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes A 39-year-old man who has been admitted because his HIV has recently developed into AIDS

A 39-year-old man who has been admitted because his HIV has recently developed into AIDS

A client is diagnosed with chlamydia and is distraught. "How can I have this problem? I don't have any symptoms!" she says. The nurse teaches the client that the percentage of women with chlamydia who are asymptomatic is as high as: 75% 100% 50% 25%

75%

A mother infected with HIV asks the nurse about the possibility of breast-feeding her neonate. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? "Breast-feeding isn't advisable." "Breast-feeding is an option if milk is expressed and fed by a bottle." "Breast-feeding would be best for your baby." "Breast-feeding is only an option if the mother is taking zidovudine."

"Breast-feeding isn't advisable."

A nurse is caring for a client with meningococcal meningitis in a private room located close to the nursing unit of the health care facility. Which infection control measure should the nurse take? Ask housekeeping personnel to clean the client's room last. Keep the doors and windows open for cross-ventilation. Flush the solutions used for cleaning the room down the sink. Allow only one visitor at any given time to meet the client.

Ask housekeeping personnel to clean the client's room last.

What is the most common presenting objective symptom of a urinary tract infection in older adults, especially in those with dementia? Back pain Change in cognitive functioning Hematuria Incontinence

Change in cognitive functioning

A client comes to the clinic reporting fever, chills, and coughing. The client is found to be positive for influenza. The nurse is aware that influenza is transmitted from one infected person to another. What type of infection is this considered? Generalized Localized Community acquired Healthcare-associated

Community acquired

A client who is 4 months postpartum reports significant left breast pain, edema, redness, and an elevated temperature. What would be an important client education topic for this client? Apply cool compresses to relieve pain. Refrain from bathing until pain subsides. Complete all medication as prescribed. Pump and save milk for later use.

Complete all medication as prescribed.

When a nurse picks up a client's contaminated tissue without gloves and fails to wash the hands sufficiently, the nurse provides for the client's organisms to be spread by which type of transmission? Vehicle Contact Airborne Vector

Contact

Which of the following conditions is the cause of thickening of the nail? Fungal infection Myocardial infarction Iron-deficiency anemia Long-standing pulmonary disease

Fungal infection

Which infecting agent causes scabies? Parasitic fungi Reactivated virus Bacteria Itch mite

Itch mite

Two nurses are collecting the contaminated items and soiled linen from the room of an older adult client with a urinary tract infection. The nurses are collecting the contaminated material as per the double-bagging method. Which steps must be followed when using the double-bagging method? Linen is collected in air-tight plastic containers. Soiled waste bags are emptied at the end of the shift. One bag of a contaminated item is placed within another. Contaminated material is disposed of in cloth bags.

One bag of a contaminated item is placed within another.

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with rheumatic endocarditis but no valvular dysfunction. On which nursing diagnosis should the nurse focus her teaching? Risk for infection Impaired gas exchange Impaired memory Chronic pain

Risk for infection

What should the nurse do with linens that have been soiled by a client with hepatitis? Place them in a hazardous waste receptacle. Place them on the floor until the laundry department can pick them up. Place them in a plastic bag that has a contamination symbol. Place them in the dirty linen receptacle.

Place them in a plastic bag that has a contamination symbol.

The nurse is performing wound care on a 68-year-old postsurgical client. Which of the following practices violates the principles of surgical asepsis? Holding sterile objects above the level of the nurse's waist Opening the outermost flap of a sterile package away from the body Considering a 1 inch (2.5 cm) edge around the sterile field as being contaminated Pouring solution onto a sterile field cloth

Pouring solution onto a sterile field cloth

A client has just been diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. What education would the nurse offer this client regarding fluids? No change in fluids needed. Significantly decrease fluid intake. Significantly increase fluid intake. Increase caffeinated beverages.

Significantly increase fluid intake.

It is cold season and the school nurse been asked to provide an educational event for the parent teacher organization of the local elementary school. What should the nurse include in teaching about the treatment of pharyngitis? There are no effective, evidence-based treatments for pharyngitis. Use of warm saline gargles or throat irrigations can relieve symptoms. Heat may increase the spasms in pharyngeal muscles. Pharyngitis is more common in children whose immunizations are not up to date.

Use of warm saline gargles or throat irrigations can relieve symptoms.

The nurse is instructing the parents of a child with head lice. Which statement should the nurse include? Disinfect brushes and combs with bleach. Wash clothes in cold water. Use shampoo with piperonyl butoxide. Use shampoo with Kwell.

Use shampoo with piperonyl butoxide.

Which of the following is the most effective strategy to prevent hepatitis B infection? Barrier protection during intercourse Avoid sharing toothbrushes Covering open sores Vaccine

Vaccine

A nurse is performing a sterile dressing change. If new sterile items or supplies are needed, how can they be added to the sterile field? with sterile forceps or hands wearing sterile gloves by carefully handling them with clean hands by clean hands wearing clean latex gloves with clean forceps that touch only the outermost part of the item

with sterile forceps or hands wearing sterile gloves

After a bone marrow transplant (BMT), the client should be monitored for at least 30 days 60 days 100 days 14 days

100 days

The nurse on a medical surgical unit receives the end-of-shift report from the outgoing nurse. Which client should the nurse see first? hemodialysis client with a creatinine level of 3.2 mg/dL (282.88 umol/L) diabetic client with fasting blood glucose of 138 mg/dL (7.66mmol/L) 1-day postoperative client with a temperature of 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 C) 3-day postoperative client with a temperature of 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit (39.2 C)

3-day postoperative client with a temperature of 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit (39.2 C)

The nurse is caring for a group of clients at a public health clinic. Which sexually transmitted disease would the nurse focus the client education on curative goals? Genital herpes Chlamydia HIV HPV

Chlamydia

The nurse is working with community groups. At which of the following locations would the nurse anticipate a possible scabies outbreak? Swimming pool Shopping mall College dormitory Gymnasium

College dormitory

A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client with stage 3 HIV. After assessing the client's gastrointestinal system and analyzing the data, what is most likely to be the priority nursing diagnosis? Diarrhea Acute Abdominal Pain Bowel Incontinence Constipation

Diarrhea

A nurse has provided hygiene to an elderly client who has Clostridium difficile-related diarrhea. The nurse has been careful to wear a gown and gloves while providing care and has performed a thorough hand washing afterward. These precautions address what component of the chain of infection? Infectious agent Reservoir for growth and reproduction Susceptible host Means of transmission

Means of transmission

The nurse is caring for a client on the medical-surgical unit postoperative day 5. During each client assessment, the nurse evaluates the client for infection. Which of the following would be most indicative of infection? White blood cell (WBC) count of 8,000/mL Red, warm, tender incision Rectal temperature of 99.5ºF (37.5ºC) Presence of an indwelling urinary catheter

Red, warm, tender incision

A client is treated in the clinic for a sexually transmitted infection, and the nurse suspects that the client is at risk for HIV. The physician determines that the client should be tested for the virus. What responsibility does the nurse have? The nurse will call the client with the results of the test. The nurse will inform the client that the results will have to be reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The nurse should send the client to have the blood drawn without informing him about the specific screening test. The nurse ensures a written consent is obtained prior to testing.

The nurse ensures a written consent is obtained prior to testing.

A patient is taking prednisone 60 mg per day for the treatment of an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. The patient has developed lymphopenia with a lymphocyte count of less than 1,500 mm3. What should the nurse monitor the client for? Bleeding The onset of a bacterial infection Diarrhea Abdominal pain

The onset of a bacterial infection

A mother has brought her young son to the emergency department (ED). The mother tells the triage nurse that the boy was stung by a bee about an hour ago. The mother explains to the nurse, "It hurts him so bad and it looks swollen, red, and infected." What can the triage nurse teach the mother? Bee stings frequently cause infection, pain, and swelling, and, with treatment, the infection should begin to subside late today. The mother's assessment is accurate and the child will probably be prescribed antibiotics to fix the problem. The pain, redness, and swelling are part of the inflammatory process, but it is probably too early for an infection. The infection was probably caused by the stinger, which may still be in the wound.

The pain, redness, and swelling are part of the inflammatory process, but it is probably too early for an infection.

A client with suspected exposure to HIV has been tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with positive results twice. The next step for the nurse to explain to the client for confirmation of the diagnosis is to perform a: p24 antigen test for confirmation of diagnosis. polymerase chain reaction test for confirmation of diagnosis. Western blot test for confirmation of diagnosis. T4-cell count for confirmation of diagnosis.

Western blot test for confirmation of diagnosis.

The nurse is caring for an older adult with pulmonary tuberculosis. Which precautions will the nurse begin? airborne none contact droplet

airborne

What means of transmission do nurses use transmission barriers to protect themselves from? Select all that apply. droplets air body substances blood medication devices

blood body substances air droplets

Which personal protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse don to enter the room of a client who is diagnosed with Clostridium difficile? mask and shoe covers respirator mask and gown gown and gloves goggles and gloves

gown and gloves

An 83-year-old resident of an extended-care home has begun displaying uncharacteristic confusion over the past 48 hours and is suspected to have a new infection. However, the nurse has documented that the client's temperature is within normal limits. When performing further assessments of this client, the nurse should understand that: older adults typically have more antibodies to fight infection than younger adults. older adults may present atypical signs and symptoms of infection. laboratory testing is usually the only indicator of infection in older adults. infections in older adults have a much slower onset than in younger adults.

older adults may present atypical signs and symptoms of infection.

An infection-control nurse is discussing needlestick injuries with a group of newly hired nurses. The infection control nurse informs the group that most needlestick injuries result from: needles left in the client's linen. recapping a needle. faulty needles and syringes. full needle boxes.

recapping a needle.

When planning care for a client with an external fixator on the right lower leg, ankle, and foot, which nursing diagnosis will the nurse assign to address the assessment findings of reddened skin and tenderness at the pin sites, temperature of 100°F (37.77°C), and foot warm to the touch? risk for Disuse Syndrome risk for Peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction risk for Impaired Skin Integrity risk for Infection

risk for Infection

The latest CDC guidelines designate standard precautions for all substances except: sweat. blood. vomitus. urine.

sweat.

A client who has a history of neurogenic bladder presents with fever, burning, and suprapubic pain. What would the nurse suspect is the problem? urinary retention urethral strictures urinary tract infection urinary incontinence

urinary tract infection