PrepU - Adult: Chapter 43

The nurse is performing a detailed mental status assessment of an older adult patient who has a diagnosis of mild Alzheimer's disease. What assessment most accurately gauges the patient's abstract reasoning?

"What would you do if you found a stamped envelope on the street?"

A nurse is working in a neurologist's office. The physician orders a Romberg test. What should the nurse instruct the client to do?

Close eyes and stand erect.

The trochlear nerve controls which function?

Eye muscle movement

A patient had a lumbar puncture 3 days ago in the outpatient clinic and calls the nurse with complaints of a throbbing headache. What can the nurse educate the patient to do for relief of the discomfort? Select all that apply.

Force fluids (unless contraindicated), Get plenty of bed rest, Take some OTC analgesics.

Cranial nerve IX is also known as which of the following?

Glossopharyngeal

Lower motor neuron lesions cause

flaccid muscles, muscle atrophy, decreased muscle tone, and loss of voluntary control.

A patient with a neurological disorder is being assessed by the nurse. The nurse assesses the patient's biceps reflex as diminished. The nurse would be correct in documenting this response as what?

1+

Which of the following neurotransmitters are deficient in myasthenia gravis?

Acetylcholine

The nurse is assessing the throat of a client with throat pain. In asking the client to stick out the tongue, the nurse is also assessing which cranial nerve?

Cranial nerve XII (Hypoglossal)

A nurse is assisting during a lumbar puncture. How should the nurse position the client for this procedure?

Lateral recumbent, with thighs flexed

Which finding is considered a positive finding of the Romberg test?

Loss of balance

A client presents to the emergency department status post-seizure. The physician wants to know what the pressure is in the client's head. What test might be ordered on this client?

Lumbar puncture

Which term describes the fibrous connective tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord?

Meninges

A client is admitted to an acute care facility for treatment of a brain tumor. When reviewing the chart, the nurse notes that the client's extremity muscle strength is rated 1/5. Which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate?

Muscle contraction is palpable and visible

The pre-nursing class is learning about the nervous system in their anatomy class. What part of the nervous system would the students learn is responsible for digesting food and eliminating body waste?

Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

A client is weak and drowsy after a lumbar puncture. The nurse caring for the client knows that what priority nursing intervention should be provided after a lumbar puncture?

Position the client flat as directed.

The nurse cares for a client with Huntington disease. What intervention is a priority for safe care?

Protect the client from falls

The nurse is caring for a patient with Huntington's disease in the long-term care facility. What does the nurse recognize as the most prominent symptom of the disease that the patient exhibits?

Rapid, jerky, involuntary movements

A client who was found unconscious at home is brought to the hospital by a rescue squad. In the intensive care unit, the nurse checks the client's oculocephalic (doll's eye) response by:

Turning the client's head suddenly while holding the eyelids open.

A nurse is completing a neurological assessment and determines that the client has significant visual deficits. Considering the functions of the lobes of the brain, which area will most likely contain the neurologic deficit?

occipital

During a routine physical examination to assess a client's deep tendon reflexes, a nurse should make sure to:

support the joint where the tendon is being tested.

The nurse is assisting with a lumbar puncture and observes that when the physician obtains CSF, it is clear and colorless. What does this finding indicate?

A normal finding; the fluid will be sent for testing to determine other factors

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

It cushions the brain and spinal cord.

A nurse is conducting a neurological assessment of a patient who has just been admitted to the unit. In preparation for assessing the patient for pronator drift, what instructions should the nurse provide to the patient?

"Please hold your arms straight out with your palms pointing up to the ceiling."

A patient who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator support. What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?

Brain stem

A patient arrives to have an MRI done in the outpatient department. What information provided by the patient warrants further assessment to prevent complications related to the MRI?

"I am trying to quit smoking and have a patch on."

A patient who has been diagnosed with colon cancer is scheduled to undergo positron emission tomography (PET) to search for metastases. In preparation for this diagnostic procedure, what teaching point should the nurse provide to the patient?

"You'll be given a radioactive substance that will be measured during the test."

A client is ordered to undergo CT of the brain with IV contrast. Before the test, the nurse should complete which action first?

Assess the client for medication allergies (iodine/shellfish)

What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement?

Cerebellum

A nurse is preparing a client for a lumbar puncture. The client has heard about post-lumbar puncture headaches and asks what causes them. The nurse tells the client that these headaches are caused by which of the following?

Cerebral spinal fluid leakage at the puncture site.

Which occurs when reflexes are hyperactive when the foot is abruptly dorsiflexed?

Clonus

The critical care nurse is giving end-of-shift report on a client. The nurse uses the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to assess the level of consciousness (LOC) of a female client and reports to the oncoming nurse that the client has an LOC of 6. What does an LOC score of 6 in a client indicate?

Comatose (<7)

The nurse is assessing the pupils of a patient who has had a head injury. What does the nurse recognize as a parasympathetic effect?

Constricted pupils

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Only three are sensory. Select the cranial nerve that is affected with decreased visual fields.

Cranial nerve II

Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin lead to which of the following disease processes?

Depression

The nurse is educating a group of people newly diagnosed with migraine headaches. What information should the nurse include in the educational session? Select all that apply.

Keep a food diary, Maintain a headache diary.

A client is diagnosed with a brain tumor. The nurse's assessment reveals that the client has difficulty interpreting visual stimuli. Based on these findings, the nurse suspects injury to which lobe of the brain?

Occipital

The nurse collects neurologic data and determines that the client has significant visual deficits. A brain tumor is considered. Which area of the brain does the nurse consider to be most likely to contain the neurologic deficit?

Occipital

A 77-year-old female patient who is recovering in the hospital from a total knee replacement has rung her call bell and told the nurse that she needs pain medication. When assessing the patient's pain, what principle should the nurse bear in mind?

Older adults tend to have blunted pain sensation, so complaints should be followed-up promptly.

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for spatial relationships?

Parietal

The nurse is performing a neurologic assessment and requests that the patient stand with eyes open and then closed for 20 seconds to assess balance. What type of test is the nurse performing?

Romberg test

The nurse is assessing the client's pupils following a sports injury. Which of the following assessment findings indicates a neurologic concern? Select all that apply.

Unequal pupils, Pinpoint pupils, Absence of pupillary response.

The nurse who is employed in a neurologist's office is performing a history and assessment on a client experiencing hearing difficulty. The nurse is most correct to gather equipment to assess the function of which cranial nerve?

VIII

The provider orders the Romberg test for a patient. The nurse tells the patient that the provider wants to evaluate his equilibrium by assessing which cranial nerve?

VIII

A client is admitted to an acute care facility with a suspected dysfunction of the lower brain stem. The nurse should monitor this client closely for:

hypoxia.

Upper motor neuron lesions cause

increased muscle tone, no muscle atrophy, hyperactive and abnormal reflexes.

A nurse is noting from a client's neurologic assessment findings that the client's motor impulses are interrupted from the brain to the spinal cord. It also appears that the client lacks sensory impulses from the peripheral sensory neurons to the brain. Which area has the deficit?

medulla oblongata

The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis who is overwhelmed by learning about the disease. The client indicates understanding that there is a disruption in the covering of axons but does not remember what the covering is called. The nurse should tell the client:

that the covering is called myelin and that it can be discussed further at the next meeting.

Which term refers to the inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty walking?

Ataxia

Age-related changes in the neurologic system must be carefully assessed. Which of the following changes does the nurse expect to find in some degree depending on the patient's age and medical condition? Select all that apply.

Decreased muscle mass, Increased sensitivity to heat and cold, Reduced papillary responses.

A client has undergone a lumbar puncture as part of a neurological assessment. The client is put under the care of a nurse after the procedure. Which important postprocedure nursing intervention should be performed to ensure the client's maximum comfort?

Encourage the client to drink liberal amounts of fluids

Which safety action will the nurse implement for a client receiving oxygen therapy who is undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Ensure that no client care equipment containing metal enters the room where the MRI table is located.

A nurse is caring for a client with lower back pain who is scheduled for myelography using metrizamide (a water-soluble contrast dye). After the test, the nurse should place the client in which position?

Head of the bed elevated 45 degrees (slows upward dispersion of the dye)

A comatose client is being cared for by a critical care nurse who documents that the client responds only to very painful stimuli by fragmentary, delayed reflex withdrawal. The nurse knows that reflexes in the body are centered where?

In the spinal cord

A patient has been brought to the emergency department (ED) with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a stat computed tomography (CT) head scan has been ordered. The ED nurse should know that the image that results from CT indicates distinguishing differences based on which of the following variables?

Variations in tissue density

The nurse is performing a neurologic assessment on a client diagnosed with a stroke and cannot elicit a gag reflex. This deficit is related to which of the following cranial nerves?

X (vagus)

Which of the following is a sympathetic nervous system effect?

decreased peristalsis, increased BP, dilated pupils, and dilated bronchioles.

The nurse has completed evaluating the client's cranial nerves. The nurse documents impairment of the right cervical nerves (CN IX and CN X). Based on these findings, the nurse should instruct the client to

refrain from eating or drinking for now.

To evaluate a client's cerebellar function, a nurse should ask:

"Do you have any problems with balance?"

A nurse is providing education about migraine headaches to a community group. The cause of migraines has not been clearly demonstrated, but is related to vascular disturbances. A member of the group asks about familial tendencies. The nurse's correct reply will be which of the following?

"There is a strong familial tendency."

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have a direct effect on the circulatory system. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) causes which of the following?

Heartbeat to decrease

A neurological nurse is conducting a focused neurological assessment of a patient who has just been admitted to the rehabilitative facility. During this assessment, the nurse has asked the patient to swallow and has tested the patient's gag reflex with a tongue depressor. These assessments test the function of which of the patient's cranial nerves?

IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus)

A patient has difficulty interpreting his awareness of body position in space. Which lobe is most likely to be damaged?

Parietal (primary sensory cortex)

A client newly diagnosed with Huntington disease asks for information concerning management of symptoms. Which action would the nurse first take to address this request?

Perform a focused assessment on the client's needs and capabilities.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of a cerebral aneurysm. Which diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate to monitor the status of the aneurysm?

cerebral angiography