PrepU ch.7 legal dimensions of nursing practice

Nurses complete incident reports as dictated by the agency protocol. What is the primary reason nurses fill out an incident report? a.To document everyday occurrences b.To document the need for disciplinary action c.To improve quality of care d.To initiate litigation

c. To improve quality of care Explanation: The primary reason to fill out an incident report is to improve the quality of care. Incident reports are not designed to be a means for disciplinary action. Incident reports are designed to identify actual or potential risks that can be addressed to improve quality of care. Incident reports are not intended to initiate litigation or document everyday occurrences. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 138. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 138

A nurse is being sued for malpractice in a court of law. What elements must be established to prove that malpractice or negligence has occurred? Select all that apply. -Duty -Intent to harm -Breach of duty -Causation -Punitive damages -Fraud

-Duty -Breach of duty -Causation Explanation: The elements that must be established to prove that malpractice or negligence have occurred include duty, breach of duty, and causation. Intent to harm would be intentional torts. Fraud is willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause, or has caused, loss or harm to a person or property. Punitive damages are monetary compensation awarded in a legal case to the injured party. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 128. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 128

Action has been taken against a nurse's license based on a claim that the nurse acted outside of nursing's scope of practice. The nurse's attorney determines that the nurse needs more education about the purpose of the board of nursing when the nurse makes which statement? a."The rules made by the board of nursing don't reflect my practice." b."The board of nursing exists to protect the safety of the public." c."The board of nursing is established by state legislation." d."Board of nursing rules keep unlicensed people from practicing nursing."

a. "The rules made by the board of nursing don't reflect my practice." Explanation: A nurse's practice should reflect the rules of the board of nursing rather than vice versa. Boards of nursing are established by state legislation through the state's nurse practice act and exist to protect the public. These rules help to keep unlicensed people from practicing nursing. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 112. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 112

Which process evaluates and recognizes educational programs as having met certain standards? a.Accreditation b.Credentialing c.Licensure d.Certification

a. Accreditation Explanation: Accreditation is the process by which an educational program is evaluated and recognized as having met certain standards. Credentialing refers to ways in which professional competence is ensured and maintained. Licensure is the process by which a state determines that a candidate meets certain minimum requirements to practice in the profession—and grants that person the license to do so. Certification is the process by which a person who has met certain criteria established by a nongovernmental association is granted recognition in a specified practice area. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 124. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 124

A client with end-stage renal disease decides against further treatment and requests a "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) order. The DNR status is part of the change-of-shift report. The client stops breathing and a nurse begins cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The family is upset and makes a complaint to the charge nurse. The charge nurse appropriately identifies that nurse has committed: a.defamation. b.battery. c.assault. d.fraud.

b. battery. Explanation: The nurse has committed battery by performing CPR against the client's wishes. Assault occurs when a person threatens to touch a client without consent. Fraud is a willful and purposeful misrepresentation, whereas defamation occurs when a derogatory remark is made about another person. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

A nurse from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) transports a client in the elevator with a nurse from the intensive care unit (ICU). There are staff members and visitors in the elevator as well. Which response from the ICU nurse is appropriate when the PACU nurse begins the report? a."Before you begin we need to ensure a family member is present." b."You can just put the report on the foot of the bed and I will look at it when I get to the room." c."I will look at the EHR when I get to the nurse's station." d."Wait and give me a report in the room at the bedside."

"Wait and give me a report in the room at the bedside." Explanation: It is appropriate for the ICU nurse to ask the PACU nurse to wait to give a report at the bedside. Discussing client information in the elevator with family or other workers violates client confidentiality and must be avoided. This also prevents discussions even in the presence of family members. If the report is left on the foot of the bed others may be able to see information. The electronic health record (EHR) is not the place to obtain transfer information so this would not be appropriate. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, Principle-Based Approach, p. 103. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 103

A nurse talks with family members about an AIDS client from the clinic where the nurse works. Which tort has the nurse committed? a.Invasion of privacy b.Fraud c.Assault d.Slander

a. Invasion of privacy Explanation: Invasion of privacy involves a breach of keeping client information confidential. Fraud is willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause, or has caused, loss or harm to a person or property. Slander is oral defamation of character. Assault is a threat or attempt to make bodily contact with another person without that person's consent. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 126. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 126

On finding multiple bruises on a client's arms and back, the nurse suspects that the client is being abused by a daughter who lives with the client. When questioned, the client denies any abuse. Despite the client's denial, the nurse should report the suspected abuse on the basis of which rationale? a.The client does not want anyone to know what is happening in the client's home. b.The client is ashamed to admit to the abuse by the daughter. c.The nurse wants peers to see the nurse as a hero. d.The nurse has a legal and ethical responsibility to report the suspected abuse.

d. The nurse has a legal and ethical responsibility to report the suspected abuse. Explanation: Nurses are legally and ethically responsible to report suspected abuse. Because nurses are legally obligated, the client's fear or reluctance to report the abuse is irrelevant. Being labeled a hero is not the correct rationale for reporting suspected abuse. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 142. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 142

Which is an example of an unintentional tort? a.Nurses discuss a client's laboratory values in the elevator. b.A nurse tells a client that the client cannot leave the hospital until the client pays the bill. c.A nurse threatens to restrain a client if the client does not stop talking. d.A nurse gives the client a medication, and the client has an adverse reaction to it.

d. A nurse gives the client a medication, and the client has an adverse reaction to it. Explanation: An unintentional tort occurs when the nurse does not intend harm, but harm occurs (e.g., the nurse administers a medication and the client has an adverse reaction to it). The other three responses are intentional torts. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

A nurse confides in a nurse friend, "I never report minor incidents. The charge nurse always wants a variance report filled out and they take so much time." Which responses by the friend are indicated? Select all that apply. -"As long as no one is hurt, I don't see a problem with not reporting minor incidences." -"I don't blame you, I think the charge nurse is just trying to get us in trouble." -"Having documentation might keep you out of trouble someday." -"Reporting helps us fix problems that result in danger to clients." -"I usually document the problem in the chart, but don't fill out a report."

-"Having documentation might keep you out of trouble someday." -"Reporting helps us fix problems that result in danger to clients." Explanation: Incident or variance reports serve as a tool for trending to identify risk and avoid it in the future. Having correct documentation is very beneficial if error or injuries lead to litigation. Simply documenting problems in a client chart is not enough, as they may apply to more than just that client and may be overlooked. Injury is not always immediately obvious. Variance reports should not be used punitively. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 138. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 138

Which statements made by a nurse would indicate to a nurse manager that the nurse requires further training? Select all that apply. -"If I make a mistake, I will not tell anyone." -"When I document, I make sure it is factual, accurate, complete, and timely." -"I will have the supervisor fill out the incident report when I make an error." -"I am accountable for any task that I delegate." -"The nursing plan of care must be accurate and must be followed. It is part of the client's permanent record."

-"If I make a mistake, I will not tell anyone." -"I will have the supervisor fill out the incident report when I make an error." Explanation: Nurses should report errors and mistakes and complete incident reports themselves, not have supervisors do it. Documentation should be accurate, factual, complete, and timely. Nurses are accountable for any designated task. The nursing plan is part of the client's permanent record. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 137. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 137

The evening nurse received a change-of-shift report from the day nurse. The day nurse's report states, "The client required intubation for respiratory distress this morning, but has been stable all day." The evening nurse collects the following information during the first assessment: Skin flushed. Client lethargic. Temperature 103.0°F (39.4°C). A review of the client's chart reveals that the client's last assessment was done 7 hours earlier. A review of the findings by the nurse attorney determines which facts might be in place regarding liability? Select all that apply. -Duty has not occurred since the evening nurse just started the shift. -The facility will have to fire the nurse for malpractice. -Breach of duty has occurred. -The facility will settle the case. -The spouse was notified of the change in condition.

-Breach of duty has occurred. Explanation: The nurses had a duty to care for the client and breached duty by not assessing the client in 7 hours. No determination of the nurse or facility's response is made until a complete investigation is done. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 128. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 128

The nurse is concerned about a potential malpractice or negligence lawsuit regarding a client who was cared for on the unit. What specific elements must be established to prove that malpractice or negligence has occurred in this client? Select all that apply. -Duty -Breach of duty -Causation -Damages -Misrepresentation -Breach of confidentiality

-Duty -Breach of duty -Causation -Damages Explanation: Elements of liability are duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. Misrepresentation occurs in fraud. Breach of confidentiality is a type of invasion of privacy and a violation of HIPAA. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 128. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 128

A nurse suspects that a client is a prostitute. The nurse documents this suspicion in the medical record and includes it in report to the oncoming shift. The nurse also mentions the suspicion to the nurse's sister saying, "I had a client named Susan in room 126 today who I think is a prostitute." Which violations has this nurse committed? Select all that apply. -Libel -Assault -HIPAA -Slander -Battery

-Libel -HIPAA -Slander Explanation: Slander is the spoken defamation of character (e.g., including in the change-of-shift report); libel is written defamation (e.g., including in the client record). HIPAA rules are violated when a client's personal information is disclosed (e.g., informing one's sister). The use of the client's room number and name make the client's presence in the facility discoverable. The nurse did not threaten the client (assault) or physically touch the client (battery). Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 126. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 126

Legal safeguards are in place in the nursing practice to protect the nurse from exposure to legal risks as well as to protect the client from harm. What is an example(s) of legal safeguards for the nurse? Select all that apply. -The nurse confirms informed consent was give by the client to perform a procedure. -The health care provider is responsible for administration of a wrongly prescribed medication. -The nurse educates the client about what to expect during the hospital stay. -The nurse executes the health care provider's prescriptions without questioning them. -The nurse documents all client care in a timely manner. -The nurse claims management is responsible for inadequate staffing leading to negligence.

-The nurse confirms informed consent was give by the client to perform a procedure. -The nurse educates the client about what to expect during the hospital stay. -The nurse documents all client care in a timely manner. Explanation: Examples of legal safeguards for the nurse include the nurse confirming that informed consent was obtained from a client, the nurse educating the client about what to expect during the hospital stay, and the nurse documenting all client care in a timely manner. Legal safeguards for the nurse would not include the nurse executing health care provider's prescriptions without questioning them. Legal safeguards for the nurse would not include the nurse claiming management is responsible for inadequate staffing leading to negligence. Legal safeguards for the nurse would not include the health care provider being responsible for administration of a wrongly prescribed medication. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 130. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 130

Which are examples of a nurse appropriately protecting a client's privacy? Select all that apply. -During a bed bath, the nurse exposes the client's upper torso while washing the client's face. -With the client's permission, the nurse explains the client's diagnosis to the client's spouse. -The nurse questions the client about the client's social life even though it does not affect care planning. -The nurse moves the client from the emergency department waiting room to a private area to collect assessment data. -Because the facility is a teaching facility, the nurse allows a nursing student to photograph a client for a care plan.

-With the client's permission, the nurse explains the client's diagnosis to the client's spouse. -The nurse moves the client from the emergency department waiting room to a private area to collect assessment data. Explanation: To prevent invasion of privacy, all client information is considered confidential and private; this includes name and all identifiers (e.g., social security number, address, date of birth). With the client's permission, the nurse may share information with the client's spouse. A client should be taken to a private, soundproof area to collect data. Unnecessary exposure of a client's body, taking photos of a client, and questioning a client's social life when it does not affect care planning are examples of invasion of privacy. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 126. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 126

Which scenario is an example of certification? a.A nurse who demonstrates advanced expertise in a content area of nursing through special testing b.A hospital that meets the standards of the Joint Commission c.An education program that meets the standards of the National League for Nursing d.A graduate of a nursing education program who passes the NCLEX-RN

a. A nurse who demonstrates advanced expertise in a content area of nursing through special testing Explanation: Certification is a voluntary process whereby a person who has met criteria established by a nongovernmental association is granted special recognition in a specified practice area. Licensure is granted by the state to a graduate of a nursing education program who passes the NCLEX-RN. Accreditation is a voluntary process by which a nursing education program is recognized as having met certain standards by the NLN Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation and/or the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. The Joint Commission can also accredit health care agencies. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 124. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 124

While walking down the hall, a nurse manager overhears a staff member telling a client, "If you don't stay in this chair and stop wandering, I'm going to tie you to it." The nurse manager pulls the staff member aside and discusses what was said. The nurse manager intervenes because the staff member's statement is which type of tort? a.Assault b.Battery c.False imprisonment d.Invasion of privacy

a. Assault Explanation: The staff member's statement reflects a threat of contact with another person without the person's consent. This is considered assault. Battery is an assault that is carried out and includes willful, angry, and violent or negligent touching of another's body or clothes (or anything attached to or held by that person). False imprisonment is the unjustified retention or prevention of the movement of another person without proper consent. This would apply if the staff member did in fact tie the client to the chair. Invasion of privacy involves the disclosure of information without the person's consent. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, Assault and Battery, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

An RN enters a client's room and observes the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) forcefully pushing a client down on the bed. The client starts crying and informs the UAP of the need to go to the bathroom. What action is the RN witnessing that should be immediately reported to the supervisor? a.Battery b.Assault c.Fraud d.Defamation of character

a. Battery Explanation: The UAP is engaging in battery, which is an assault that is carried out and includes willful, angry, and violent or negligent touching of another person's body or clothes or anything attached to (or held by) that other person. Assault is a threat or an attempt to make bodily contact with another person without that person's consent. Fraud is willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause, or has caused, loss or harm to a person or property. Defamation of character is an intentional tort in which one party makes derogatory remarks about another that harm the other party's reputation. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

The nurse is providing care to a client who had orthopedic surgery. The nurse has medicated the client for pain. However, the client reports that the pain is unrelieved. The nurse takes no further action regarding assessment and intervention for the client's pain. The nurse does not notify the surgeon regarding the client's pain. The nurse's failure to take further action represents which element of liability in this case? a.Breach of duty b.Causation c.Damages d.Duty

a. Breach of duty Explanation: Breach of duty is the failure to assess, intervene, or notify the health care provider regarding the client's condition. It does not meet the expected standard of care. Duty refers to an obligation to use due care and is defined by the standard of care appropriate for the nurse-client relationship. Causation is when the failure to meet the standard of care caused injury. Damages are the harm or injury to the client. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 128. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 128

Nurses practicing in a critical care unit must acquire specialized skills and knowledge to provide care to the critically ill client. These nurses can validate this specialty competence through what process? a.Certification b.Accreditation c.Licensure d.Litigation

a. Certification Explanation: Certification validates specialty knowledge, experience, and clinical judgment. A nurse in a critical care unit having specialized skills and knowledge to provide care would be an example of certification. Licensure is a specialized form of credentialing based on laws passed by a state legislature. Licensure endorses entry-level competence. Legal accreditation is granted to educational programs by state agencies endorsing the approval of the program's design and mission to meet the needs of state requirements. Litigation is not a method for validation. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

Having recently completed a specialty nursing program in neonatal care, a nurse is now preparing to leave the medical unit and begin providing care in the hospital's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The nurse has completed which process of credentialing? a.Certification b.Licensure c.Accreditation d.Validation

a. Certification Explanation: The process of certification involves the attainment and validation of specialized nursing knowledge and skills. Certification is often necessary to ensure that the nursing care provided in specialized and high-acuity settings is safe and appropriate. Accreditation is the process by which an educational program, rather than an individual nurse, is identified as meeting standards. The process of licensure involves the determination that a nurse meets minimum requirements to practice but not necessarily that the nurse has the specialized knowledge that is necessary for some care settings. Validation is not a specific aspect of the process of credentialing. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 124. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 124

A client states that the client's recent fall was caused by his scheduled antihypertensive medications being mistakenly administered by two different nurses, an event that is disputed by both of the nurses identified by the client. Which measure should the nurses prioritize when anticipating that legal action may follow? a.Document the client's claims and the events surrounding the alleged incident. b.Consult with the hospital's legal department as soon as possible. c.Consult with practice advisors from the state board of nursing. d.Enlist support from nursing and non-nursing colleagues from the unit.

a. Document the client's claims and the events surrounding the alleged incident. Explanation: It is imperative for nurses to carefully and accurately document assessment findings and the nursing care that they provide, especially when legal action is anticipated. This thorough and accurate assessment should precede consultation with the legal department, the state board of nursing, and colleagues. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 128. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 128

The nurse is providing care to a client whose condition has progressively declined. The nurse assesses and makes appropriate interventions as well as notifies the health care provider. Despite the nurse's efforts, the client expires. What element of liability has the nurse demonstrated? a.Duty b.Breach of duty c.Causation d.Damages

a. Duty Explanation: Duty refers to an obligation to use due care. The nurse assessed the client and made appropriate interventions and notifications. Breach of duty is the failure to meet the standard of care. An example of breach of duty would be not performing assessments, appropriate interventions, and notifications of the health care provider. Causation is when the breach of duty caused the injury. An example of causation would be failure to perform assessment and appropriate interventions when providing client care, and this caused injury to the client. Damages are the harm or injury that occurred to the client. In this situation, it would be the death of the client. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 128. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 128

A nurse working on a busy medical-surgical unit does not take the vital signs of client who is preparing for discharge but instead documents the same vital signs obtained for this client earlier in the morning. For which tort would the nurse be potentially liable? a.Fraud b.False imprisonment c.Battery d.Assault

a. Fraud Explanation: Fraud is willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause, or has caused, loss or harm to a person or property. Nurses who report vital signs or other assessment data that were not obtained are acting fraudulently. Unjustified retention or prevention of the movement of another person without proper consent can constitute false imprisonment. Assault is a threat or an attempt to make bodily contact with another person without that person's consent. Battery is an assault that is carried out and includes willful, angry, and violent or negligent touching of another person's body or clothes (or anything attached to or held by that other person). Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, Fraud, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

During the orientation to the hospital, the staff development educator discusses unit and institutional-based policies. What is the source of the practice rules that result in unit and institutional-based policies? a.Health care institution b.Federal legislation c.State legislation d.Board of nursing

a. Health care institution Explanation: The health care institution determines the unit and institutional policies. These policies may vary from institution to institution. Such policies may include clinical procedures, policies specific to the institution, and personnel and employment policies. Unit and institutional-based policies are not derived from federal legislation, state legislation, or the board of nursing. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 123. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 123

A nurse is providing care to two clients who are sharing the same room. The nurse is preparing to give one of the clients a complete bed bath. Which action by the nurse would suggest liability related to invasion of the client's privacy? a.Keeping the curtain between the two clients in the room open b.Documenting a belief that the client was arrested c.Removing the client's clothing with some force d.Applying restraints to the client's arms to keep the client in bed

a. Keeping the curtain between the two clients in the room open Explanation: Invasion of privacy may occur with unnecessary exposure of clients while moving them through a corridor or while caring for them in rooms they share with others. Documenting a belief that the client was arrested would reflect libel. Removing a client's clothing forcibly is an example of battery. Applying restraints to contain the person in bed is an example of false imprisonment. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, Invasion of Privacy, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

A nurse witnesses a traffic accident and dresses the open wounds sustained by a child. Later, in the hospital, the child develops complications from an infection in the wound. The family holds the nurse responsible for the complications and attempts to file a lawsuit. Which statement is true regarding how the Good Samaritan law applies to this case? a.The Good Samaritan law will provide legal immunity to the nurse. b.The Good Samaritan law will not protect the nurse because the nurse did not accept compensation. c.The Good Samaritan law is not applicable to health care workers. d.The Good Samaritan law will provide absolute exemption from prosecution.

a. The Good Samaritan law will provide legal immunity to the nurse. Explanation: The Good Samaritan laws provide legal immunity to passersby who provide emergency first aid to victims of accidents. Therefore, the law is applicable to the nurse in this scenario; moreover, Good Samaritan laws apply to those who do not accept any compensation for services provided. The law is equally applicable to everyone but does not provide absolute exemption from prosecution in cases of negligence. Paramedics, ambulance personnel, physicians, and nurses who stop to provide assistance are still held to a higher standard of care because they have training above and beyond that of average lay people. In cases of gross negligence, health care workers may be charged with a criminal offense. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 141. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 141

What governing body has the authority to revoke or suspend a nurse's license? a.The State Board of Nurse Examiners b.The employing health care institution c.The National League for Nursing d.The Supreme Court

a. The State Board of Nurse Examiners Explanation: The State Board of Nurse Examiners in the United States may revoke or suspend a nurse's license or registration. The employing health care institution may have submitted the paperwork regarding the allegation of the issue but does not suspend or revoke the nurse's license. The National League for Nursing is a national organization for faculty nurses and leaders in nurse education. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial court in a country or state. The Supreme Court does not rule on a nurse's license. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 124. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 124

While at a coworker's house, a nurse discusses with the coworker a client whom the nurse suspects of physically abusing the client's child. The next day, the client is moved to another nursing unit after a surgical procedure and comes under the care of the coworker, who is also a nurse. The coworker confronts the client about the alleged physical abuse. The client is shocked and angered by the accusation and denies it categorically. What would be the charge if the client were to file a suit? a.The first nurse could be charged with slander. b.The second nurse could be charged with libel. c.No charges are valid because the revelation took place during off-duty hours and off-site. d.No charges are valid because both nurses are involved in the client's care.

a. The first nurse could be charged with slander. Explanation: Slander is a character attack uttered orally in the presence of others. Injury is considered to occur because the derogatory remarks attack a person's character and good name. In this case, the first nurse (and possibly the second, depending on context) could be charged with slander. If the defamation had been written, it would be libel. Even though the discussion took place offsite and during off-duty hours and both nurses are involved in the client's care, the defamatory remarks could constitute slander. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

A physician is called to see a client with angina. During the visit the physician advises the nurse to decrease the dosage of atenolol to 12.5 mg. However, because the physician is late for another visit, the physician requests that the nurse write down the order for the physician. What should be the appropriate nursing action in this situation? a.The nurse should ask the physician to come back and write the order. b.The nurse should write the order and implement it. c.The nurse should inform the client of the change in medication. d.The nurse should remind the physician later to write the work order.

a. The nurse should ask the physician to come back and write the order. Explanation: The nurse should ask the physician to come back and write down the order. Nurses are discouraged from following any verbal orders, except in an emergency. The nurse should never write an order on a physician's behalf because this is a wrong practice. The client should be informed about the change of medications, but this is not an appropriate action. The nurse should not leave the work for a later time, because the nurse may forget it. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, pp. 135-136. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 135-136

A client newly diagnosed with congestive heart failure has a prescription for digoxin. The nurse counts the heart rate before administration of the medication and obtains a heart rate of 51 beats per minute. Which action by the nurse demonstrates adherence to the standards of nursing care? a.The nurse withholds the medication and notifies the health care practitioner. b.The nurse administers the medication and reassesses the client after 30 minutes. c.The nurse withholds the medication, retakes the heart rate, and gives the medication at a later time. d.The nurse administers the medication after reviewing the client's serum potassium level.

a. The nurse withholds the medication and notifies the health care practitioner. Explanation: Nurses are responsible for following the standards of care for their particular work area. A reasonably prudent nurse would withhold the medication and notify the health care practitioner. All other options put the client's safety at risk and would not be done by a reasonably prudent nurse. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 141. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 141

After reporting to work for a night shift, the nurse learns that the unit is understaffed because two RNs called out sick. As a result, each nurse on the unit must provide care for four acute clients in addition to the nurse's regular clients. Which statement is true for this nurse when working in understaffed circumstances? a.The nurse is legally held to the same standards of care as when staffing levels are normal. b.Understaffing constitutes an extenuating circumstance that creates a temporarily lower expectation for care for the nurse. c.The nurse must document that float staff, nurses on overtime, and part-time staff were contacted in an effort to fill the gaps in care. d.The nurse is legally obliged to refuse to provide care when understaffing creates the potential for unsafe conditions.

a.The nurse is legally held to the same standards of care as when staffing levels are normal. Explanation: The claim of being overworked does not constitute a legal defense, and both the potential for liability and standards of care remain unchanged despite an increased client assignment. Although it is prudent to make all realistic attempts to fill the gaps in staffing, documenting these efforts does not change the nurse's legal position. A nurse has the right to refuse an unsafe client assignment but the nurse is not legally obliged to withhold care. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 136. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 136

While a client admitted to the medical-surgical unit is in the radiology department, a visitor claiming to be the client's cousin arrives on the medical-surgical unit and asks the nurse to provide a brief outline of the client's illness. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate, both legally and professionally? a."I will call the client and ask for permission to share this information with you." b."I cannot give you that information due to client confidentiality." c."Do you have any identification proving that you are related to the client?" d."I'm busy right now but can talk later."

b. "I cannot give you that information due to client confidentiality." Explanation: Sharing a client's information without the client's consent is an invasion of privacy. The nurse should not give out the information even if the visitor provides proof of a relationship without the client's consent. It is inappropriate to call the client to ask for permission. The nurse claiming to be busy and offering to talk later does not address the issue but only delays it, perhaps leading the visitor to assume that the nurse will disclose information then. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 126. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 126

A client being discharged from the hospital asks the nurse, "When I go visit my family out of state, should I take my living will with me, or do I need a new one for that state?" Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a."A living will can only be used in the state in which it was created." b."Take it with you. It is recognized universally in the United States." c."As long as your family knows your medical wishes, you will not need it." d."We have it on file here, so any hospital can call and get a copy."

b. "Take it with you. It is recognized universally in the United States." Explanation: A separate or different advance directive is not needed for each state; an advance directive can be used in any state, regardless of where it was created. The nurse should advise the client to take it when travelling out of state. The client should not assume that the family knows the client's wishes; the whole purpose of having an advance directive is to avoid the ambiguity and potential confusion that making such assumptions can cause. Other hospitals may not know who to contact to request a copy of the advance directive; therefore, it would be much safer for the client to take a copy of it while travelling. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 140. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 140

A nurse working in a coronary care unit resuscitates a client who had expressed wishes not to be resuscitated. Which tort has the nurse committed? a.Assault b.Battery c.Libel d.Slander

b. Battery Explanation: The nurse has committed battery by unlawfully carrying out a procedure that the client had refused. Battery is an assault and includes negligent touching of another person's body or clothes or anything attached to or held by that other person. Assault is the threat of touching another person without the person's consent. Defamation of character in spoken words is called slander. Libel is defamation of character in written words. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

An HIV-positive client discovers that the client's name is published in a research report on HIV care prepared by the client's nurse. The client is hurt and files a lawsuit against the nurse. Which offense has the nurse committed? a.Unintentional tort b.Invasion of privacy c.Defamation of character d.Negligence of duty

b. Invasion of privacy Explanation: The nurse has committed the tort of invasion of privacy. Personal names and identities should be concealed or obliterated in case studies or research work. Invasion of privacy is a type of intentional tort. Defamation is an act in which untrue information harms a person's reputation and is therefore not applicable here. Negligence is the harm that results because a person did not act reasonably. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 126. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 126

A client has a prescription for amoxicillin 500 mg P.O. every 8 hours. The nurse administers the medication via the intravenous route. Based on the nurse's action, the client develops complications and has an increased length of stay. The client files a lawsuit against the facility and the nurse. Which legal action has the nurse's attorney identified that meets the criteria for the client's lawsuit? a.Negligence b.Malpractice c.Assault d.Battery

b. Malpractice Explanation: The facility and nurse could be charged with malpractice, which is failing to perform (or performing) an act that causes harm to a client. Administering the medication intravenously instead of orally as prescribed has caused harm to a client. Negligence is failing to perform care for a client. When a person threatens to touch a client without consent, it is assault, whereas battery is carrying out the implied threat (assault). Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 127. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 127

A nurse, while off-duty, tells the physiotherapist that a client who was admitted to the nursing unit contracted AIDS due to exposure to sex workers at the age of 18. The client discovers that the nurse has revealed the information to the physiotherapist. With what legal action could the nurse be charged? a.Libel b.Slander c.Negligence d.Malpractice

b. Slander Explanation: The nurse can be charged with slander, which is a verbal attack on a person's character. Libel pertains to damaging written statements read by others. Both libel and slander are considered defamation of character-an intentional tort in which one party makes derogatory remarks about another that diminish the other party's reputation. To be found guilty of slander or libel, the statement must be proved false. Negligence and malpractice pertain to actions which are committed or omitted, thereby causing physical harm to a client. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

A nurse enters the client's room and finds the client lying on the floor experiencing a seizure. After stabilizing the client, the nurse informs the physician. The physician advises the nurse to prepare an incident report. What is the purpose of an incident report? a.To determine the nurse's fault in the incident b.To evaluate the quality of care provided and assess the potential risks for injury to the client c.To provide information to local, state, and federal agencies d.To evaluate the immediate care provided by the nurse to the client

b. To evaluate the quality of care provided and assess the potential risks for injury to the client Explanation: An incident report is a written account of an unusual, potentially injurious event involving a client, employee, or visitor. Incident reports determine how to prevent hazardous situations and serve as a reference in case of future litigation. Accurate and detailed documentation often helps to prove that the nurse acted reasonably or appropriately in the circumstances. It may not always serve as a method of determining the nurse's fault in the incident. The document does not evaluate the immediate care provided to the client but states the actions taken. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 138. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 138

A client admitted to a mental health unit has exhibited physical behaviors that put the client and others at risk. The nurse applies four-point restraints on the client without obtaining a physician's order or the client's consent. The nurse is at risk of being accused of which action? a.Slander b.Negligence c.Battery d.Malpractice

c. Battery Explanation: Battery is intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person that entails an injury or offensive touching. Performing treatment without permission or receiving informed consent from the client might constitute both assault and battery. Judgments of battery suits have been based on the application of restraints to confused clients. Slander is a verbal attack on a person's character. Malpractice pertains to actions committed and negligence to actions omitted that cause physical harm to a client. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, pp. 125-126. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125-126

A client is scheduled for a colonoscopy. The nurse realizes immediately after administering medications to induce conscious sedation that the client has not signed the informed consent. If the nurse has the client sign the informed consent at this point, which element of informed consent would be violated? a.Disclosure b.Comprehension c.Competence d.Voluntariness

c. Competence Explanation: The client under conscious sedation would not be considered competent to make a decision to undergo an invasive procedure such as a colonoscopy. Disclosure ensures that the following information has been given to the client: the nature of the treatment, possible alternative treatments, and potential risks and benefits of the treatment. Comprehension is met when the client demonstrates understanding by describing in the client's own words to what he is consenting. The client's consent must be given voluntarily. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 133. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 133

A nurse is caring for a client following endotracheal intubation. Before applying soft wrist restraints to prevent the client from pulling out the endotracheal tube, what is the most appropriate action of the nurse? a.Sedate the client. b.Get written consent. c.Obtain a medical order. d.Notify the family.

c. Obtain a medical order. Explanation: Nurses must obtain a medical order before each and every instance in which they use restraints. Due to the severity of the client illness requiring endotracheal intubation, the client may not be able to provide a written consent. The client does not need to be sedated unless medically necessary, and although it is appropriate to notify the family, this is not the priority. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 127. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 127

A client is unhappy with the health care provided and informs the nurse that the client is leaving the facility. The client has not been discharged by the physician. The nurse finds that the client has dressed and is ready to go. What should the nurse's action be in this situation? a.The nurse should have the client restrained and call the physician. b.The nurse should let the client go because the nurse cannot do anything. c.The nurse should call and inform the nursing supervisor of the situation. d.The nurse should warn the client that the client cannot come to the hospital again.

c. The nurse should call and inform the nursing supervisor of the situation. Explanation: The nurse should call and inform the nursing supervisor of the situation. The client should be made to sign the document stating that the client is responsible for the client's own actions. The nurse cannot restrain the client because that would be false imprisonment. Likewise, the nurse cannot overlook the incident because there is a responsibility for client care. Additionally, the nurse cannot warn the client that the client will not be allowed to come back to the hospital because it is the client's right to access health care whenever required. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 136. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 136

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone coronary angioplasty. The cardiac monitor is showing abnormal electrocardiogram waves, indicating atrial fibrillation. The nurse does not recognize the importance of the sign; as a result, the client's condition deteriorates and the client has to be taken up for an emergency procedure. Which describes the nurse's legal liability? a.Felony b.Defamation c.Tort d.Slander

c. Tort Explanation: A tort is a cause of action in which one person asserts that a physical, emotional, or financial injury was a consequence of another person's actions or failure to act. A tort implies that one breached one's duty to another person. In this case, the nurse had a duty that was breached. A felony is a serious criminal offense, such as murder. Defamation is an act in which untrue information harms a person's reputation. Slander is a character attack uttered orally in the presence of others. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

A client was admitted to a postoperative nursing unit after undergoing abdominal surgery. During this time, the nurse failed to recognize the significance of abdominal swelling, which significantly increased during the next 6 hours. Later, the client had to undergo emergency surgery. The lack of action on the nurse's part is liable for action. Which legal term describes the case? a.Misdemeanor b.Felony c.Tort d.Fraud

c. Tort Explanation: A tort is a litigation in which one person asserts that a physical, emotional, or financial injury was a consequence of another person's actions or failure to act. The lack of action on the nurse's part indicates unintentional tort. A misdemeanor or felony would be an offense under criminal law, and neither is applicable in this case. Fraud is willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause, or has caused, loss or harm to a person or property. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

Which statement made by the nurse providing care to a group of clients indicates that the nurse requires further education regarding negligence? a."Please avoid bringing fresh fruit to a client with neutropenia." b."I am going to assess for collateral circulation before preforming an arterial blood gas (ABG)." c."I am going to auscultate breath sounds every 8 hours on a client receiving enteral feedings." d."I don't need to assess distal pulses on a client after a femoral arteriography."

d. "I don't need to assess distal pulses on a client after a femoral arteriography." Explanation: Distal pulses should be checked immediately after a femoral arteriography; therefore, the nurse is negligent for checking three hours after the procedure. Fresh fruit may contain bacteria and further compromise a client with neutropenia. The Allen test confirms that there is proper circulation to the hand before drawing an ABG. The nurse checks breath sounds at least every 8 hours for adventitious sounds that may indicate aspiration. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 125. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 125

A client informs the nurse that the client wants to discontinue treatment and go home. Later, the nurse finds the client dressed to leave. Which action should the nurse take in this situation? a.Let the client go after signing a document stating that the client is going against medical advice. b.Restrain the client until medical treatment is over. c.Call the physician and get the discharge paper signed. d.Warn the client that the client may not be able to access health care again.

d. Let the client go after signing a document stating that the client is going against medical advice. Explanation: If a client wishes to go before the client's medical treatment is finished, the nurse should have the client sign a document indicating personal responsibility for leaving against medical advice. The nurse should not restrain the client, as it would make the nurse liable for legal action. The nurse may call the physician and get the discharge paper signed, but this is not appropriate. The nurse should not warn the client that the client will be denied health care in the future, because it is the client's right to access the health care facility whenever needed. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 127. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 127

A family brings the client to the emergency department in an unconscious state with a head injury. The client requires surgery to remove a blood clot. What would be the appropriate nursing intervention in keeping with the policy of informed consent prior to a surgical procedure? a.The nurse informs the family about advance directives. b.The nurse informs the family about the living will. c.The nurse confirms that the client has signed the consent form. d.The nurse confirms that the client's family has signed the consent form.

d. The nurse confirms that the client's family has signed the consent form. Explanation: The nurse should confirm that the client's family has signed the consent form. However, the health care provider is responsible for having the client, or in this case, the client's family sign consent. This client cannot sign the consent form because the client is not in an alert state and is unable to communicate. If the client is not in a condition to sign the consent form, a family member may sign the consent form on the client's behalf. Advance directives are written statements identifying a competent person's wishes concerning terminal care and are not applicable here. A living will is an instructive form of advance directive; that is, it is a written document that identifies a person's preferences regarding medical interventions to use in a terminal condition, irreversible coma, or persistent vegetative state with no hope of recovery. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 133. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 133

A student nurse is assisting an older adult client to ambulate following hip replacement surgery when the client falls and reinjures the hip. Who is potentially responsible for the injury to this client? a.The student nurse b.The nurse instructor c.The hospital d.The student nurse, the nurse instructor, and the hospital

d. The student nurse, the nurse instructor, and the hospital Explanation: As a student nurse, you are responsible for your own acts, including any negligence that may result in client injury. A hospital may also be held liable for the negligence of a student nurse enrolled in a hospital-controlled program because the student is considered an employee of the hospital. The status of students enrolled in college and university programs is less clear, as is the liability of the educational institution in which they are enrolled and the health care agency offering a site for clinical practice. Nursing instructors may share responsibility for damages in the event of client injury if an assignment called for clinical skills beyond a student's competency, or the instructor failed to provide reasonable and prudent clinical supervision. Reference: Taylor, C., Lynn, P., & Bartlett, J., Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2019, Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice, p. 141. Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice - Page 141