PrepU Fluid & Electrolytes

What commonly used intravenous solution is hypotonic? lactated Ringer's 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl 0.45% NaCl 0.9% NaCl

0.45% NaCl

The nurse is teaching a healthy adult client about adequate hydration. How much average daily intake does the nurse recommend? 1,000 mL/day 1,500 mL/day 2,500 mL/day 3,500 mL/day

2,500 mL/day

A client with type AB blood has experienced a precipitous drop in hemoglobin levels due to a gastrointestinal bleed and now requires a blood transfusion. Which blood types may this client safely receive? Select all that apply. A B AB O

All of them: A, B, AB, O

When caring for a client who is on intravenous therapy, the nurse observes that the client has developed redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein. Which intervention should the nurse perform for this complication? Elevate the client's head. Apply a warm compress. Position the client on the left side. Apply antiseptic and a dressing.

Apply a warm compress.

A client needs an intravenous fluid that will pull fluids into the vascular space. What type of fluid does the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed? Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic Osmolar

Hypertonic

A client is diagnosed with hypovolemia after significant blood loss. Which action will the nurse take? Allow nothing by mouth. Give the client a glass of orange juice with added sugar. Encourage fluid intake. Start an IV of normal saline as prescribed.

Start an IV of normal saline as prescribed.

The nurse is describing the role of antidiuretic hormone in the regulation of body fluids. What phenomenon takes place when antidiuretic hormone is present? The client has a decreased sensation of thirst. The renal system retains more water. Urine becomes more diluted. The frequency of voiding increases.

The renal system retains more water.

An infant is brought to the emergency room with dehydration due to vomiting. After several failed attempts to start an IV, the nurse observes a scalp vein. When accessing the scalp vein, the nurse should use: an 18-gauge needle. a winged infusion needle. an intermittent infusion device. a central venous access.

a winged infusion needle

A client who is admitted to the health care facility has been diagnosed with cerebral edema. Which intravenous solution needs to be administered to this client? hypertonic solution hypotonic solution isotonic solution colloid solution

hypertonic solution

Which solution is a crystalloid solution that has the same osmotic pressure as that found within the cells of the body and is used to expand the intravascular volume? hypertonic colloid isotonic hypotonic

isotonic

Mr. Jones is admitted to the nurse's unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypocalcemia. His laboratory results show a serum calcium level of 8.2 mg/dL (2.05 mmol/L). For what assessment findings will the nurse be looking? muscle cramping and tetany nausea, vomiting, and constipation diminished cognitive ability and hypertension muscle weakness, fatigue, and constipation

muscle cramping and tetany

Sodium is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid. Which is true regarding sodium? Normal serum sodium levels range from 145 to 155 mEq/L (145 to 155 mmol/L). Sodium is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. If sodium is low, it means that there is not enough water. Sodium is not regulated by natriuretic peptides.

Sodium is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

The nurse is monitoring intake and output (I&O) for a client who has diarrhea. What will the nurse document as input on the I&O record? Select all that apply. 100 mL from melted ice chips serving of jello bowl of chili infusion of intravenous solution barbecue sandwich cup of ice cream

100 mL from melted ice chips serving of jello infusion of intravenous solution cup of ice cream

A nurse is reviewing the dietary intake of a client prescribed a potassium-sparing diuretic. The client tells the nurse that he had a banana, yogurt, and bran cereal for breakfast and a turkey sandwich with a glass of milk for lunch. The intake of which food would be a cause for concern? Banana Milk Yogurt Turkey

Banana

A nurse is reviewing the client's serum electrolyte levels which are as follows:Sodium: 138 mEq/L (138 mmol/L)Potassium: 3.2 mEq/L (3.2 mmol/L)Calcium: 10.0 mg/dL (2.5 mmol/L)Magnesium: 2.0 mEq/L (1.0 mmol/L)Chloride: 100 mEq/L (100 mmol/L)Phosphate: 5.75 mg/dL (1.8 mEq/L)Based on these levels, the nurse would identify which imbalance? Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia Hypermagnesemia

Hypokalemia

A nurse is assessing clients across the lifespan for fluid and electrolyte balance. Which age group would the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for these imbalances? Infants Toddlers Adolescents School-age children

Infants

During a blood transfusion of a client, the nurse observes the appearance of rash and flushing in the client, although the vital signs are stable. Which intervention should the nurse perform for this client first? Stop the transfusion immediately. Infuse saline at a rapid rate. Administer oxygen. Prepare to give an antihistamine.

Stop the transfusion immediately.

A nurse is caring for a client who is on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which clients are candidates for TPN? Select all that apply. clients who have not eaten for a day clients with major trauma or burns clients with liver and renal failure clients who are recovering from cataract surgery clients with inflammatory bowel disease

clients with major trauma or burns clients with liver and renal failure clients with inflammatory bowel disease

The physician writes an order for intravenous fluids to infuse at 150 mL per hour. If the drop factor of the tubing is 10, at how many drops per minute should the fluid infuse? drops

25 150/60= 2.5 2.5x10=25

Which statement most accurately describes the process of osmosis? Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. Solutes pass through semipermeable membranes to areas of lower concentration. Water shifts from high-solute areas to areas of lower solute concentration. Plasma proteins facilitate the reabsorption of fluids into the capillaries.

Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Which client would be a candidate for total parenteral nutrition? a client with diabetic ketoacidosis a postoperative appendectomy client a client with colitis and bloody diarrhea a client receiving intravenous antibiotics

a client with colitis and bloody diarrhea

During an assessment of an older adult client, the nurse notes an increase in pulse and respiration rates, and notes that the client has warm skin. The nurse also notes a decrease in the client's blood pressure. Which medical diagnosis may be responsible? hypervolemia hypovolemia edema circulatory overload

hypovolemia

A group of nursing students is reviewing information about body fluid and locations. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as a function of intracellular fluid? maintenance of cell size maintenance of blood volume transportation of nutrients removal of waste

maintenance of cell size

The nurse is caring for a male client who has a diagnosis of heart failure. Today's laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3,2 mmol/L). For what complications should the nurse be aware, related to the potassium level? Fluid volume excess Pulmonary embolus Cardiac dysrhythmias Tetany

Cardiac dysrhythmiasSodium is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid. Which is true regarding sodium?

A nurse is assessing for the presence of edema in a client who is confined to bed and who often lies supine. The nurse would pay particular attention to which area? Sacral area Face Hands Abdomen

Sacral area

The nurse is administering 1,000 mL 0.9 normal saline over 10 hours (set delivers 60 gtt/1 mL). Using the formula below, the flow rate would be:

100 gtt/min

A physician has asked the nurse to use microdrip tubing to administer a prescribed dosage of IV solution to a client. What is the standard drop factor of microdrip tubing? 30 drops/mL 60 drops/mL 90 drops/mL 120 drops/mL

60 drops/mL