prepu infection

A 72-year-old female clinic patient is started on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of a urinary tract infection. Prior to administering this drug, the nurse should assess the patient for which of the following conditions?

renal impairment

A client is ordered to receive a fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin, to treat a bacterial infection. The nurse instructs the client to monitor for which potentially dangerous side effect associated with fluoroquinolone therapy?

tendon rupture

The nurse is scheduled to administer tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to a client at the clinic. The client states, "I had a reaction the last time I got an immunization." What action should the nurse take first?

withhold immunization

A nurse implements aseptic technique as a means to break the chain of infection at which element?

portal of entry

When assessing a client with infectious diarrhea, which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing severe dehydration?

rapid, thready pulse

You work on a long-term care unit. In the last two weeks more than half the clients on your unit have been diagnosed with gastroenteritis. What is the most likely reason?

infection is being transmitted by healthcare workers

a fomite is a

infection transfer agent.

During flu season, a nurse is teaching clients about the chain of infection. What components are considered "links" in this chain?

infectious agent portal of entry susceptible host reservoir exit means of transmission

What is the term for parasitic relationships between microorganisms and the human body in which the human body is harmed?

infectious disease

The nurse places a client in isolation. Isolation techniques have the potential to break the chain of infection by interfering with what component of the chain of infection?

mode of transmission

The bacteria that line the gut of a human help maintain normal gut health and provide essential nutrients. This type of relationship is:

mutualistic

The nurse educator, who is teaching a class on sexually transmitted infections, recognizes that teaching has been effective when students indicate which statement is true about the difference between colonization and infection?

"Colonization becomes infection when the host and organism interact."

Which individual is at the highest risk of developing a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A 30-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus

When administering aminoglycosides, the nurse must be aware of which of the following adverse reactions?

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

A 34-year-old woman presents with an abrupt onset of shaking chills, moderate to high fever, and a constant ache in her lower back. She is also experiencing dysuria, urinary frequency, and a feeling of urgency. Her partner states that she has been very tired the last few days and that she looked like she may have the flu. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Acute pyelonephritis

A client who developed acute pyelonephritis asks the nurse what caused the infection. What should be included in the nurse's response? Select all that apply.

Acute pyelonephritis is caused by bacterial infection. Escherichia coli is the causative agent in about 80% of cases. Outflow obstruction, catheterization, and urinary instrumentation

A nurse is preparing to administer a client's scheduled dose of subcutaneous heparin. To reduce the risk of needlestick injury, the nurse should perform what action?

Avoid recapping the needle before disposing of it.

A nurse is preparing to insert a peripheral intravenous access device into the arm of a client. When preparing the skin for insertion, which of the following should the nurse use to prevent possible health-care associated bloodstream infections?

Chlorhexidine

A woman reports to the nurse that she has developed a yeast infection. The woman does not understand how she could get a yeast infection since she has been on antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. What is the rationale for this client's complaint?

Destroying one type of resident flora (bacteria) can allow overproliferation of another competing type (yeast).

A middle-aged woman is admitted with acute pyelonephritis. Which assessment finding correlates with this diagnosis?

Flank pain, dysuria, and nausea/vomiting

The nurse educator identifies the student understands the function of normal flora in the human body when the student makes which statement?

Normal flora compete with potential pathogens and work symbiotically with the host.

Following a knee replacement, a client develops an infection at the site. After months of unsuccessful anti-infective therapy, the surgeon removed the implant. What explanation can the nurse provide when the client asks why the anti-infective therapy did not work?

Organisms on a colonized implant produce a self-protecting biofilm.

If an indwelling catheter is necessary, which nursing intervention should be implemented to prevent infection?

Perform meticulous perineal care daily with soap and water

A cytotechnologist is examining a blood sample. Which must be identified for a diagnosis of infectious disease?

Recovery of probable pathogen

There are two criteria that have to be met in order for a diagnosis of an infectious disease to occur. What are these two criteria?

Recovery of probable pathogen and documentation of signs and symptoms compatible with an infectious process.

Contact precautions

Respiratory syncytial virus, impetigo, scabies

An adult client in the ICU has a central venous catheter in place. Over the past 24 hours, the client has developed signs and symptoms that are suggestive of a central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). What aspect of the client's care may have increased susceptibility to CLABSI?

The client's central line was placed in the femoral vein.

The nurse is teaching a health class about UTIs to a group of older adults. What characteristic of UTIs should the nurse cite?

The prevalence of UTIs in men older than 50 years of age approaches that of women in the same age group.

A female client has been prescribed a course of antibiotics for the treatment of a UTI. When providing health education for the client, the nurse should address what topic?

The risk of developing a vaginal yeast infection as a consequence of antibiotic therapy

Which are characteristics of resident flora? Select all that apply.

They live on nonsterile areas of the body. They do not cause harm to the body. They provide a type of natural immunity.

What is the best rationale for health care providers receiving the influenza vaccination on a yearly basis?

To decrease risk of transmission to vulnerable clients

Clients with which medical history will have an increased risk for developing urinary tract infections? Select all that apply.

Urinary obstruction Neurogenic disorders Elderly Prostate disease

The nurse is caring for several older clients. For which client would the nurse be especially alert for signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis?

a client with urinary obstruction

Which of the following describes host interaction with an organism?

infection

Acute pyelonephritis is a result of:

bacterial infection

Which objective symptom of a UTI is most common in older adults, especially those with dementia?

change in cognitive function

A parent asks the nurse what signs and symptoms a child would display if the child had a urinary tract infection. Which is the best response by the nurse?

children frequently do not present with the typical signs of a UTI

A client has a concentration of S. aureus located on his skin. The client is not showing signs of increased temperature, redness, or pain at the site. The nurse is aware that this is a sign of a microorganism at which of the following stages?

colonization

Which term is used to describe microorganisms present in a host without host interference or interaction?

colonization

A client's diagnostic testing revealed that he is colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). What change in the client's health status could precipitate an infection?

development of skin break

A client diagnosed with influenza is admitted to the hospital. Which transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?

droplet

The nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has developed signs and symptoms of Calicivirus (Norovirus). What assessment should the nurse prioritize when planning this client's care?

fluid intake and output

A nurse advises a client with recurring UTIs to drink large amounts of water. What normal protective action is the nurse telling the client to utilize?

increase washout of urine