PrepU | Assignment 6 | Chapter 16: Altered Perfusion

When advising a morbidly obese client about the benefits of weight reduction, which statement would be most accurate to share?

"A 10-pound loss of weight can produce a decrease in blood pressure."

When a 55-year-old client's routine blood work returns, the nurse notes that the client's C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated. The client asks what that means. The nurse responds:

"This means you have elevated serum markers for systemic inflammation that has been associated with vascular disease."

Which children may be considered high risk for developing hypertension? Select all that apply.

A)Diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta as an infantB)Recent scan showing a pheochromocytomaD)Takes cyclosporine daily since a kidney transplant

When trying to educate a client about the release of free radicals and the role they play in formation of atherosclerosis, which statement is most accurate?

Activated cells that release free radicals oxidize LDL, which is harmful to the lining of your blood vessels.

All of the following interventions are ordered STAT for a client stung by a bee who is experiencing severe respiratory distress and faintness. Which priority intervention will the nurse administer first?

Epinephrine

A client with malignant hypertension is at risk for a hypertensive crisis, including the cerebral vascular system often causing cerebral edema. The nurse would assess this client for which signs and symptoms?

Headache and confusion

Football fans at a college have been shocked to learn of the sudden death of a star player, an event that was attributed in the media to "an enlarged heart." Which disorder was the player's most likely cause of death?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypertension about antihypertensive drug therapy. The nurse determines that the knowledge is understood when the client correctly describes which of the following as the mechanism of action of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor?

Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, decreasing angiotensin II levels and reducing its effect on vasoconstriction

The student attends a health fair and has his serum cholesterol checked. He has a high lipoprotein level (LDL). He understands which of the following about LDL cholesterol?

It is believed to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion.

The nurse working in the emergency room triages a client who comes in reporting chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating and elevated anxiety. The physician suspects a myocardial infarction. The client is given a nitrate, which does nothing for his pain. Which medication should the nurse suspect the doctor will order next for the pain?

Morphine

A nursing instructor is explaining the role of vascular smooth muscle cells in relation to increases in systemic circulation. During discussion, which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for contraction of the entire muscle cell layer, thus resulting in decreased vessel lumen radius?

Norepinephrine

While lecturing on blood pressure, the nurse will emphasize that the body maintains its blood pressure by adjusting the cardiac output to compensate for changes in which physiologic process?

Peripheral vascular resistance

A 20-year-old college student being treated for a kidney infection developed a temperature of 104ºF (40°C) in spite of treatment with antibiotics. Her pulse was high, her blood pressure was low, and her skin was hot, dry, and flushed. The nurse knows that this client most likely is experiencing which type of shock?

Septic

A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educate the client? Select all that apply.

Smoking cessationDietary measures to reduce LDL levelsWeight reduction if overweight

When lecturing to a group of students about the pathophysiologic principles behind heart failure, the instructor defines cardiac output as which example?

The amount of blood the heart pumps each minute

Which serum biomarker is highly specific for myocardial tissue?

Troponin

The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with essential hypertension. The nurse will state that the cause of this disorder is:

Unknown

Which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)

A 20-year-old male client is experiencing a severe immunologically mediated reaction in which histamines have been released into the blood. Which type of reaction is most likely occurring with this client?

anaphylactic shock

Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion can be life-threatening when the pericardial sac _______ and ______ the heart.

fills rapidly; compresses

A client has just returned from his surgical procedure. During initial vital sign measurements, the nurse notes that the client's heart rate is 111 beats/minute and the BP is 100/78 (borderline low). In this early postoperative period, the nurse should be diligently monitoring the client for the development of:

hypovolemic shock due to acute intravascular volume loss.

While teaching a client with new-onset right-sided heart failure, the nurse should educate the client to monitor for fluid accumulation by:

recording weight every day at the same time with same type of clothing.

A nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of acute pericarditis. The client will most likely exhibit which clinical manifestations? Select all that apply.

• Fever • Chest pain • Pericardial friction rub • Pleuritic pain

Following several weeks of increasing fatigue and a subsequent diagnostic workup, a client has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. Failure of this heart valve would have which hemodynamic consequences?

Backflow from the left ventricle to left atrium

The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol?

LDL

An older adult client has been diagnosed with chronic heart failure. He is prescribed an ACE inhibitor to treat the symptoms and improve his quality of life. This drug will alleviate the client's symptoms of heart failure by:

blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

A client who is experiencing angina at rest that has been increasing in intensity should be instructed to:

see the doctor for evaluation immediately.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a treatment modality for which disorder of cardiac function?

Atherosclerosis and unstable angina