Preschoolers (Level 1)
A nurse is assessing the growth and development of a 3-year-old child. What does the nurse expect the child to be able to do? Hop on one foot. Button a sweater. Cup the hands to catch a ball. Go upstairs while alternating the feet.
Go upstairs while alternating the feet. The average 3-year-old child has the physical ability to climb the stairs with alternating feet but may still use both feet on a step to go down the stairs. Cupping the hands to catch an object is an accomplishment of a 5-year-old child. Hopping on one foot is usually not accomplished until a child is 5 years old. A 3-year-old child may be able to self-dress partially, but buttoning is more easily accomplished by a 5-year-old.
A 3-year-old child is to receive a liquid iron preparation. What should the nurse teach the mother regarding this medication? Monitor the stools for diarrhea. Administer the iron at least an hour before meals. Avoid giving the child orange juice with the iron preparation. Have the child drink the diluted iron preparation through a straw.
Have the child drink the diluted iron preparation through a straw. A liquid iron preparation may stain tooth enamel; therefore it should be diluted and administered through a straw. Constipation, rather than loose stools, often results from the administration of iron. As a means of helping prevent gastric irritation, iron should be given with food. To improve absorption, iron may be given with orange juice.
A nurse is caring for 3-year-old children. At what stage of cognitive thought does the nurse expect them to be? Intuitive Abstract Concrete Preconceptional
Preconceptional According to Piaget, at approximately 2 years of age the toddler enters the preconceptional phase of cognitive thought, which lasts, at most, until about 4 years of age; the preconceptional phase is a subdivision of the preoperational stage, which lasts from 2 years to 7 years of age. Four-year-old children are in the stage of intuitive thought, which gives rise to imaginative play. Abstract thought is developed during the adolescent ages of 15 years to 20 years. Concrete operational thought occurs in school-age children when they perform actions mentally rather than through behavior, as in the earlier years.
A nurse on the pediatric unit is planning to teach the parents of a 3-year-old child requiring complex care. Both parents are employed full-time. How should the nurse arrange the instructional program? Provide information in short sessions. Schedule a whole evening for teaching. Offer explanations when the parents visit. Require that both parents attend the sessions.
Provide information in short sessions. The parents will probably be anxious and will therefore benefit most from short teaching sessions and written material that they may review at their leisure. A whole evening of teaching would be overwhelming; the parents might not be able to retain everything presented. The most effective teaching and learning sessions occur in an area with minimal distractions. Being in the room with their child at this time will present a major distraction to the parents. The nurse may recommend, but not insist, that both parents attend the teaching sessions.
Mebendazole (Vermox) is prescribed for a preschooler diagnosed with pinworms. For whom should this medication also be prescribed? The child's infant brother People using the same toilet facilities as the child Members of the child's family after they test positive The child's immediate family members, even if they are free of symptoms
The child's immediate family members, even if they are free of symptoms All household members should be treated at the same time unless they are younger than 2 years of age or pregnant. Mebendazole (Vermox) is not recommended for children under the age of 2 years. Use of the same toilet facilities as the child is not a significant criterion for administration of medication, because the eggs are not transmitted in water. Positive testing of each family member is not a criterion for administration to family members.
A 4-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome has repeated relapses. As the child gets older, what is the most important attribute for the child to develop? A positive body image The ability to test urine Fine muscle coordination Acceptance of possible sterility
A positive body image Children with nephrotic syndrome are treated with immunosuppressive agents, including steroids. During exacerbations they may have a characteristic pale, overweight appearance as a result of edema. Steroid side effects include growth retardation, cataracts, obesity, and hirsutism. Children may become very sensitive about these changes as they grow older. Although the ability to test the urine may be indicated, body image poses a greater concern. Engaging in usual childhood activities between attacks should promote the development of fine muscle coordination. Sterility is not associated with nephrotic syndrome.
Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA) chelation therapy injections for lead poisoning can cause local discomfort. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to lessen the discomfort? Administering the injection with a local anesthetic Giving the child a cool tub bath after each injection Massaging the affected injection site with an alcohol swab Helping the child to ambulate immediately after each injection
Administering the injection with a local anesthetic A local anesthetic can lessen the pain that occurs with this deep intramuscular injection. A cool bath will prolong the discomfort by inducing vasoconstriction, which will slow the rate of absorption. Massaging the site will cause more discomfort because the area is tender. Movement will probably be difficult and will cause more discomfort.
A preschool child with a spinal cord injury will be on prolonged bedrest. The nurse explains to the parents that certain foods will be restricted to prevent complications associated with immobility. What food should be noted as restricted in the teaching plan? Fish Fruit Beef Cheese
Cheese Cheese contains calcium, which is excreted by the kidneys and may contribute to the formation of kidney stones; it adds to child's risk because immobility causes bone decalcification. Fish contains protein, which is needed for wound healing and growth. Fruit contains some fiber, which will help decrease the risk of constipation. Beef contains protein, which is needed for wound healing and growth.
A nurse is obtaining the health history from the mother of a preschooler with Reye syndrome. The nurse should ask the mother if the child has recently had: Rubella Chickenpox Rheumatic fever Bacterial meningitis
Chickenpox There is a higher incidence of Reye syndrome—which is associated with viral, not bacterial, illnesses—among children who have recently recovered from chickenpox. Reye syndrome does not occur after rubella (German measles). It is known that rheumatic fever follows a streptococcal infection. Reye syndrome - A rare but serious condition that causes confusion, swelling in the brain, and liver damage. Children recovering from a viral infection such as chickenpox or flu or who have a metabolic disorder are most at risk.
To confirm a tentative diagnosis of leukemia a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are to be performed on a 4-year-old boy. The nurse gives an age-appropriate explanation of the procedure to the child. What else is involved in caring for this child? Telling the child that there will be pressure without pain Explaining to the child that he will sleep during the procedure Placing the child in the semi-Fowler position supported by pillows Asking the child to hold some nonsterile equipment during the test
Explaining to the child that he will sleep during the procedure Anesthesia is used for procedures such as bone marrow aspiration in children. This is a painful procedure. The child will not have pain during the procedure because anesthesia will be used. The site may be sore afterward. The child should be placed prone with a towel roll under the hips for aspiration of marrow from the posterior iliac crest. The child may handle some of the equipment as part of the explanation of the procedure; however, the child will be sedated during the procedure.
A 4½-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with a fractured tibia. Which type of fracture is most common in children of this age? Greenstick Transverse Compound Comminuted
Greenstick Ossification of the long bones is incomplete in childhood; children's bones can flex to about a 45-degree angle before breaking. When the bone is angulated beyond 45 degrees, the compressed side bends and the torsion side breaks (greenstick fracture). A transverse fracture is usually a complete fracture seen in blunt trauma; it occurs in adults because bone ossification is complete. A compound fracture is a fracture with an open wound from which the bone protrudes; it is seldom seen in children. A comminuted fracture is a fracture in which small fragments of bone are broken from the fracture site and lie in the surrounding tissue; it is rarely seen in children.
A 4-year-old child who has never been separated from parents or siblings is admitted to the hospital. What is most important for the nurse to encourage the parents to do? Have one of them stay with the child. Visit the child during regular visiting hours. Bring a favorite toy to the hospital for the child. Allow the nurse to be the child's major caregiver.
Have one of them stay with the child. The 4-year-old child has developed trust but still needs frequent support from parents. Visiting during regular visiting hours may be inadequate; preschoolers need the continued support of parents during stressful times. The parents may bring a toy, but their presence to provide support and reinforce trust is more important. The parents should participate in their child's care as much as possible so there will be no interference with the trust relationship and support will be provided.
A nurse in the pediatric clinic is teaching the parents of preschool children with asthma about allergens, such as insects, that contribute to asthmatic episodes. What insect or arthropod is the most common allergen for children prone to asthma? Spider Centipede Carpenter ant Household cockroach
Household cockroach Research has identified that the presence of the common household cockroach can trigger an asthmatic attack in susceptible children. Spiders, centipedes, and carpenter ants have not been identified as triggers in children who are prone to asthmatic attacks.
A preschool-aged child admitted with Reye syndrome will most likely be placed: In an isolation room On a presurgical unit On the pediatric floor In the intensive care unit
In the intensive care unit A child with Reye syndrome is critically ill and needs the constant supervision that is available in an intensive care unit. Reye syndrome is not contagious. Surgery is not required for children with Reye syndrome. A general pediatric unit does not offer the continued assessment and intensive interventions that are necessary for a child with Reye syndrome.
A nurse plans care of 4-year-old hospitalized children on the basis of their developmental level. What is the major vulnerability of children this age? Separation anxiety Altered family roles Intrusive procedures Enforced dependency
Intrusive procedures Preschool children fear procedures that intrude on their body integrity. Separation anxiety is more common in toddlers. Preschool children are too young to understand the concept of altered family roles; this is a fear that adults experience. Enforced dependency is a fear that school-age and adolescent children experience.
A parent and 4-year-old child who recently emigrated from Colombia arrive at the pediatric clinic. The child has a temperature of 102° F (38.8° C), is irritable, and has a runny nose. Inspection reveals a rash and several small, red, irregularly shaped spots with blue-white centers in the mouth. What illness does the nurse suspect? Measles Chickenpox Fifth disease Scarlet fever
Measles The blue-white spots in the mouth are Koplik spots, which appear before the rash and subside about 2 days after the rash is visible. They are a cardinal sign of rubeola (measles). The rash of varicella (chickenpox) is distinctive because the papules become vesicles. There are no Koplik spots. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) has a characteristic erythematous rash that appears first on the face and spreads to the extremities. There are no Koplik spots. Scarlet fever is caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus. Although the mouth is affected, as evidenced by the typical "strawberry tongue," there are no Koplik spots.
A nurse accompanies a 3-year-old child to the pediatric unit's playroom. The toddler seems reluctant to select a toy or activity. Which toy is most appropriate for the nurse to offer as a means of fostering creativity? Plastic animal Mold and clay Pencil and paper Simple video game
Mold and clay Three-year-olds are entering the developmental stage of creative and imaginative play; using clay to make shapes, both with and without molds, enhances their creativity and improves their fine motor coordination. A plastic animal will probably be a boring toy for a 3-year-old child; a plastic animal is more appropriate for a 6- to 12-month-old child. A 3-year-old is too young to manipulate a pen or a pencil and may cause a self-injury or an injury to others. Pens and pencils should not be left in a playroom. A 3-year-old does not have the cognitive ability or the fine motor coordination to play even simple video games.
After several days of bedrest, a preschool-age boy with the diagnosis of a liver laceration becomes demanding and will not listen to the nurses. The child was found in the playroom twice on the previous shift. How can the nurse best meet the needs of this child? Tell the child why remaining in bed will enhance his recovery. Have a television set moved into the child's room as soon as possible. Place soft restraints on the child when family members cannot be present. Move the child into a room with another preschooler with whom he can play.
Move the child into a room with another preschooler with whom he can play. Preschoolers are active, sociable individuals who enjoy the company of peers and become bored when isolated. Preschoolers have a limited ability to understand complex explanations of cause and effect; they use concrete thinking. Although a TV will provide some distraction, encouragement of peer contact is preferred. Restraints will increase agitation, and it is punitive.
A child undergoes tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for numerous recurrent respiratory tract infections. After the surgery, the nurse should teach the parents to: Offer ice chips. Encourage the intake of ice cream. Keep the child in the supine position. Gargle with a diluted mouthwash solution.
Offer ice chips. Ice chips are soothing and promote vasoconstriction. Milk and milk products coat the mouth, causing the child to clear the throat, which may precipitate bleeding. The supine position promotes edema and does not allow oral secretions to drain from the mouth. The head of the bed should be elevated, and the child should be positioned on the side. Mouthwash solution is too caustic; a warm saltwater solution is preferred.
Which reactions does a nurse expect of a 4-year-old child in response to illness and hospitalization? Anger, resentment over depersonalization, and loss of peer support Boredom, depression over separation from family, and fear of death Out-of-control behavior, regression to overdependency, and fear of bodily mutilation Intense panic, loss of security over separation from parents, and low frustration tolerance
Out-of-control behavior, regression to overdependency, and fear of bodily mutilation Preschoolers experience loss of control caused by physical restriction, loss of routines, and enforced dependency, which may make them feel out of control. Preschoolers are also likely to experience feelings of regression or overdependency and fear of bodily mutilation. Anger, resentment over depersonalization, and loss of peer support are typical feelings expressed in adolescence. Boredom, depression over separation from family, and fear of death are typical feelings expressed by school-age children. Intense panic, loss of security over separation from parents, and low frustration tolerance are feelings usually experienced by toddlers.
What findings should a nurse expect when examining the laboratory report of a preschooler with rheumatic fever? Increased reticulocyte count Negative C-reactive protein Positive antistreptolysin titer Decreased sedimentation rate
Positive antistreptolysin titer A positive antistreptolysin titer is present with rheumatic fever because of the previous infection with streptococci. An increased reticulocyte count is usually related to a decrease in mature red blood cells caused by hemorrhage or blood dyscrasias; it is unrelated to an infectious or inflammatory process. A positive, not a negative, C-reactive protein will be present; this is indicative of an inflammatory process. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate will be increased, not decreased, indicating the presence of an inflammatory process.
A nurse is planning to foster independence in a group of 4-year-old children. What self-care skill does the nurse expect 4-year-olds to be capable of performing? Parting and combing hair Putting on a shirt and buttoning it Cutting meat with a fork and knife Slipping into shoes and tying shoelaces
Putting on a shirt and buttoning it Four-year-old children can put on a shirt and can fasten it if the buttons are large. Four-year-olds will be able to comb, but not part, their hair. Four-year-olds can handle a fork and spoon but cannot hold the meat with the fork while cutting it with the knife; children are usually 7 years old before this task is managed. Four-year-olds old can put on shoes but are usually unable to tie them until age 5.
A nurse is planning to teach activities of daily living to a developmentally disabled 3-year-old child. What activity should the nurse plan to teach to the child first? Dressing Toileting Self-feeding Hair combing
Self-feeding According to the principles of growth and the development of skills, feeding is taught first, and this is no different for a child who is developmentally disabled. Dressing, toileting, and hair combing are more difficult skills than self-feeding.
A nurse anticipates that a preschooler will perceive death as: An end to life Separation that is reversible Something that happens to old people A persona who removes someone from the family
Separation that is reversible Death is viewed as a separation by preschoolers, who believe that the dead one will return to life and former activity; this is part of the fantasy world of a child at this age. Beginning at about age 8, the school-age child develops an adult concept of death and views it as inevitable, irreversible, and universal. The preschooler does not yet perceive death as something that happens to old people. The young school-age child perceives death as a persona (e.g., devil, ghost, bogeyman, God) with magical powers.
When talking with a 4-year-old child, a nurse determines that the child is shy and stutters. What does stuttering in a 4-year-old child indicate? Speech impediment Emotional problems Typical preschooler speech Delay in neural development
Typical preschooler speech Stuttering occurs because the child's advancing mental ability and level of comprehension exceed the vocabulary acquisitions in the preschool years. Stuttering is common in the preschool years; it is not a problem at this age.
After being bitten by a rabid dog a 4-year-old child is to receive a series of antirabies inoculations. The nurse who is to administer the injections should recall that rabies is a: Viral infection characterized by seizures and difficulty swallowing Bacterial infection characterized by encephalopathy and opisthotonos Bacterial infection characterized by septicemia and bone deterioration Viral infection characterized by immunosuppression and opportunistic infections
Viral infection characterized by seizures and difficulty swallowing Seizures and swallowing difficulties are characteristics of rabies infection, which affects the nervous system; the disease is usually fatal if it goes untreated. Rabies is not a bacterial infection. Although rabies is a viral infection it is not characterized by immunosuppression and opportunistic infections. Immunosuppression and opportunistic infections are associated with AIDS.
A nurse is preparing to give a 3-year-old toddler an intramuscular injection, and the child starts to cry. What is the most therapeutic approach for the nurse to take? "It'll be OK because it won't hurt a bit." "It's all right to cry as loud as you want, but don't move." "If you act like a grownup, we can be done really quickly." "I brought another nurse to hold you while I give you the medicine."
"It's all right to cry as loud as you want, but don't move." The nurse is demonstrating acceptance of the child's right to cry and thus enabling the child to follow the direction while continuing to vent feelings. Telling the child that the injection will not hurt is not a true statement that will undermine future trust. Telling the child to act like an adult puts unrealistic expectations on the child. Having another nurse hold the child will be too threatening for the child.
A nurse is preparing an intramuscular injection to be administered to a 2-year-old child. What approach is the most therapeutic? "This might hurt, but it's important that you be very still." "You're afraid of getting a shot because you think it will hurt." "Don't worry—Daddy and Mommy will be back after it's over." "Act like a big child and we can get this done as quickly as possible."
"This might hurt, but it's important that you be very still." Telling the child that the shot will hurt but that it's important for the child to remain still is an honest statement that tells the toddler what to expect and expresses the nurse's expectation that the toddler will stay still during the procedure. Emphasizing the child's fears will exacerbate these fears. The parents should be encouraged to stay with the child to provide comfort. Asking the child to be brave puts unrealistic expectations on the child.
When a nurse brings a dinner tray to a 4-year-old child hospitalized with pneumonia, the child says, "I'm too sick to feed myself." What is the best response by the nurse? "Try to eat as much as you can." "You can eat later when you feel better." "Wait a few minutes, and I will be back to help you." "You're really not that sick, and I'm sure you can feed yourself."
"Wait a few minutes, and I will be back to help you." A few minutes will be enough time for the child to begin self-feeding. The nurse should provide both physical and emotional support because the child's request for help indicates regression and the need for dependence during a period of stress. Telling the child to eat as much as he can does not provide the child with the help that may be needed. It may be a while until the child feels better; in the meantime, adequate nourishment to foster healing is needed. Telling the child that he is not that sick and can feed himself could cause stress, feelings of guilt, and embarrassment.
The clinic nurse is teaching the parents of a 3½-year-old child who is up to date on all vaccinations when it will be necessary to return to the clinic for the next set of vaccinations. Which statement indicates that the parents understand the teaching? "We won't need to come back for any more vaccinations." "We need to come back to the clinic in 1 year for more vaccinations." "We need to come back to the clinic in 2 months for more vaccinations." "We need to come back to the clinic in 6 months for more vaccinations."
"We need to come back to the clinic in 1 year for more vaccinations." The child who is up to date on vaccinations at 3½ years of age will need to return to the clinic for an annual influenza vaccination. In addition, between 4 and 6 years of age the child will need the diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP), measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), inactivated polio (IPV), and varicella vaccination boosters. The child will not need any additional vaccinations until the 1-year milestone, so returning in 2 or 6 months would be too soon.
A 4-year-old child who barely survived a near-drowning episode is in critical condition in the pediatric intensive care unit. Suddenly the child opens her eyes and smiles, prompting a parent to say to the nurse, "Look! I think she'll get better now." What is the best response by the nurse? You're right; that's a very good sign." "Try to have your child hold your hand." "We're doing everything we can to promote recovery." "God certainly must be watching over your child today."
"We're doing everything we can to promote recovery." The nurse must emphasize that everything possible is being done because the outcome cannot be predicted at this time. Encouraging the parent's positive interpretation of the child's reflexive behavior raises false hope. Telling the parent that God is watching over the child constitutes false hope. The parent's statement did not ask for the nurse's religious viewpoint; if the child does not improve, the parent may then perceive that God is not watching over the child.
Which roommate should the nurse manager assign to a 4-year-old boy who has been admitted to the pediatric unit with nephrotic syndrome? 3-year-old boy with impetigo 2-year-old boy with pneumonia 5-year-old girl with thalassemia 4-year-old girl with conjunctivitis
5-year-old girl with thalassemia A child with nephrotic syndrome is at risk for infection. The child with thalassemia is noninfectious and therefore an appropriate roommate. In addition, the closeness of their ages will encourage preschool socialization. Impetigo, pneumonia, and conjunctivitis are all caused by pathogens; exposure of the child with nephrotic syndrome to infection should be avoided.
The nurse is planning care for a preschooler with Kawasaki disease. Which intervention should the nurse plan to implement? Restricting fluids, especially fruit juices Ensuring bright lighting in the room during assessments Administering penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin) as prescribed Administering intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) as prescribed
Administering intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) as prescribed Kawasaki disease is treated with high-dose IVIG in combination with aspirin to lower the risk of coronary artery abnormalities. A clinical manifestation of bilateral nonpurulent conjunctivitis occurs with Kawasaki disease, so the nurse should avoid bright overhead lights. Nursing care is focused on adequate hydration, so fluids should not be restricted and fruit juices are not contraindicated. Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile exanthematous illness of children with a generalized vasculitis of unknown origin. It is not an infectious disease, so antibiotics (penicillin) are not administered.
A 5-year-old child is being given dactinomycin (Cosmegen) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) therapy after nephrectomy for Wilms tumor. What should the nursing care include? Administering aspirin for pain Offering citrus juices with meals Ensuring meticulous oral hygiene Eliminating spicy foods from the diet
Ensuring meticulous oral hygiene Oral hygiene is essential, especially during the administration of medications that have a negative effect on the oral mucosa. Although pain may be present, aspirin is avoided because doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is also being used, and a side effect of this medication is thrombocytopenia. Aspirin is contraindicated for children because it is associated with Reye syndrome. Citrus juice will aggravate stomatitis, which is a common side effect of dactinomycin (Cosmegen). Spicy foods may aggravate the stomatitis that occurs with chemotherapy. However, usually any food that the child requests is permitted.
A child with acute lymphoid leukemia is started on a chemotherapy protocol that includes prednisone. What side effect of this medication does the nurse anticipate? Alopecia Anorexia Weight loss Mood changes
Mood changes Euphoria and mood swings may result from steroid therapy. Alopecia does not result from steroid therapy. An increased appetite, not anorexia, results from steroid therapy. Weight gain, not weight loss, results from steroid therapy.
A nurse in the pediatric clinic is testing a 4-year-old child with recurrent otitis media for signs of hearing loss. The child's mother asks what can be done if there is a hearing loss. The nurse responds that the most common treatment is: Myringotomy Adenoidectomy Neomycin ear drops Systemic steroid therapy
Myringotomy Myringotomy is surgical incision of the eardrum to permit drainage of infected middle ear fluid and thus improve hearing. Removal of the adenoids will not relieve the pressure from inflamed ears. Antibiotics are administered systemically, not locally, if needed. Systemic antibiotics, not steroids, are prescribed; a myringotomy is performed if antibiotics are ineffective.
A nurse concludes that teaching is effective when the mother of a preschooler on a low-residue diet states that she will serve her child: A frankfurter on a roll Ripe peaches with ice cream Peanut butter and jam on white bread Scrambled eggs and toasted white bread
Scrambled eggs and toasted white bread A low-residue diet should contain minimal roughage; eggs prepared any way but fried are permitted; refined bread and toast also are permitted. Although meat is permitted, spicy, fried, and tough meats are not. Most frankfurters have fillers that interfere with the goal of low residue. Raw fruits and nuts and jams are not permitted because they contain roughage.
A 4-year-old child is found to have mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease). The child is admitted to the pediatric unit, where the nurse performs an initial assessment. What clinical finding supports the diagnosis? Strawberry tongue Copious discharge from the eyes Insidious onset of low-grade fever Maculopapular rash on the extremities
Strawberry tongue The characteristic "strawberry tongue" is a result of sloughing of the normal coating of the tongue that leaves the papillae exposed. There is bilateral congestion of the ocular conjunctiva without an exudate. The fever associated with Kawasaki disease is high and is abrupt in onset; it is unresponsive to antibiotics and antipyretics. A maculopapular rash on the extremities does not occur; peripheral edema and erythema occur with desquamation of the palms and soles.
A nurse is trying to involve a hospitalized preschooler in therapeutic play. Why is this so important? The child can work out ways of coping with fears. It provides an opportunity to accept the hospital situation. The child can forget the reality of the situation for a little while. It provides an opportunity to meet other children on the pediatric unit.
The child can work out ways of coping with fears. Because their ability to express feelings verbally is limited, preschool children act out their feelings in play. Acceptance of hospitalization will not occur until the child has coped with fears. The child needs to cope with feelings rather than forget them. Therapeutic play does not necessarily involve other children.
A nurse in the pediatric unit is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a 4-year-old child recovering from severe dehydration. Which results most accurately reflect the child's recovery? pH 7.40, Po2 85 mm Hg, Pco2,40 mm Hg pH 7.50, Po2 85 mm Hg, Pco2, 35 mm Hg pH 7.25, Po2 60 mm Hg, Pco2, 50 mm Hg pH 7.45, Po2 70 mm Hg, Pco2, 25 mm Hg
pH 7.40, Po2 85 mm Hg, Pco2,40 mm Hg Expected arterial blood gas values are pH of 7.35 to 7.45, Po2 of 83 to 108 mm Hg, and Pco2 of 35 to 45 mm Hg. A pH of 7.5 indicates alkalosis. A pH of 7.25 indicates acidosis, a Po2 of 60 mm Hg indicates hypoxia, and a Pco2 of 50 mm Hg indicates hypercapnia. A Po2 of 70 mm Hg indicates hypoxia, and a Pco2 of 25 indicates hypocapnia.
