Principles Of Biology Chapter 3

Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce

ATP

Which of the following have undergone adaptation to the most extreme habitats on earth?

Archaeans

Which enzyme found within the peroxisome functions to degrade hydrogen peroxide?

Catalase

The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called ____________

Chloroplast

Plasmids are composed of

DNA

The main function of a vacuole is

Storage

In a bacteria cell, the chromosome is located in a region called the ___________

nucleoid

A dark staining region that may appear within appear within the nucleus on an electron micrograph is called ______________. This is the location of rRNA production.

nucleolus

The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called

nucleoplasm

One side of the Golgi apparatus is directed toward the endoplasmic reticulum, while the other faces the _______________ _______________

plasma membrane

A group of ribosomes that are attached to a single mRNA are called a _______________

polyribosomes

The openings in the nuclear envelope through which parties may pass are called nuclear

pores

Which of these is a pigment located within the thylakoid membrane that functions to capture solar energy?

chlorophyll

The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is called ______________. When highly condensed, as it is in preparation of cell division, this material is called ____________________

chromatin; chromosomes

In a bacterial cell, ribosomes are located in the

cytoplasm

The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the

endomembrane system

A cell that has numerous mitochondria is most likely a cell that needs a large amount of

energy

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the nuclear _____________

envelope

Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal _________. such as beta-hexosaminidase

enzymes

Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal _____________

enzymes

The smooth ER synthesizes primarily __________ molecules while the rough ER is involved with the production of _______________ molecules.

lipid; protein

The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the ___________

nucleus

In a cell, proteins are made at structures called _____________

ribosomes

When ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm are attached to an organelle, that organelle now studded with ribosomes is then called _______________ endoplasmic reticulum.

rough

The release of cellular products from a cell is called

secretion

Where are ribosomes typically located in a cell?

-Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum -Free in the cytoplasm

Where are ribosomes typically located in a cell ?

-Free in the cytoplasm -Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Components of the cytoplasm

-Salt -Dissolved organic molecules -Water

Which of these are internal cellular membranes that contain light-sensitive pigments needed for photosynthesis?

Thylakoids

Examples of cells that are prokaryotic

bacterial cell archaeal cell

Some bacteria have long, thin appendages that rotate like propellers, allowing the bacterial cell to move in fluid. These appendages are called _______________

flagella

The molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reaction is

ATP

Which types of cells may possess a cell wall

Archaea Bacteria Eukaryotes

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

Convert substrates into ATP

Liver and Kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle?

Peroxisomes

The formula, solar energy + carbon dioxide + Water --> Carbohydrate + Oxygen, represents which cellular function?

Photosynthesis

A large membranous sac located in the cytoplasm of a cell

Vacuole

In the plasma membrane of a prokaryote, the phospholipids are arranged in a

bilayer

A vesicle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes is called a __________________

lysosome

Which organelle is formed in the Golgi Apparatus?

lysosome

__________________ are the organelles that function in intracellular digestion

lysosome

All cells, except prokaryotes, convert carbohydrate energy to ATP within an organelle called the _______________

mitochondria

In a eukaryotic cell, within which organelle does cellular respiration occur?

mitochondria

The _______________ membrane separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding environment and regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

plasma

Which type of cells lack membrane-bound organelles?

prokaryotes

What is the main function of the bacterial cell wall

protection

Chloroplasts contain numerous structures called grana, each of which is a stack of

thylakoids

A sperm does not contribute mitochondrial genes when fertilizing an egg

true