Principles Of Biology Chapter 3
Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce
ATP
Which of the following have undergone adaptation to the most extreme habitats on earth?
Archaeans
Which enzyme found within the peroxisome functions to degrade hydrogen peroxide?
Catalase
The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called ____________
Chloroplast
Plasmids are composed of
DNA
The main function of a vacuole is
Storage
In a bacteria cell, the chromosome is located in a region called the ___________
nucleoid
A dark staining region that may appear within appear within the nucleus on an electron micrograph is called ______________. This is the location of rRNA production.
nucleolus
The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called
nucleoplasm
One side of the Golgi apparatus is directed toward the endoplasmic reticulum, while the other faces the _______________ _______________
plasma membrane
A group of ribosomes that are attached to a single mRNA are called a _______________
polyribosomes
The openings in the nuclear envelope through which parties may pass are called nuclear
pores
Which of these is a pigment located within the thylakoid membrane that functions to capture solar energy?
chlorophyll
The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is called ______________. When highly condensed, as it is in preparation of cell division, this material is called ____________________
chromatin; chromosomes
In a bacterial cell, ribosomes are located in the
cytoplasm
The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the
endomembrane system
A cell that has numerous mitochondria is most likely a cell that needs a large amount of
energy
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the nuclear _____________
envelope
Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal _________. such as beta-hexosaminidase
enzymes
Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal _____________
enzymes
The smooth ER synthesizes primarily __________ molecules while the rough ER is involved with the production of _______________ molecules.
lipid; protein
The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the ___________
nucleus
In a cell, proteins are made at structures called _____________
ribosomes
When ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm are attached to an organelle, that organelle now studded with ribosomes is then called _______________ endoplasmic reticulum.
rough
The release of cellular products from a cell is called
secretion
Where are ribosomes typically located in a cell?
-Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum -Free in the cytoplasm
Where are ribosomes typically located in a cell ?
-Free in the cytoplasm -Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Components of the cytoplasm
-Salt -Dissolved organic molecules -Water
Which of these are internal cellular membranes that contain light-sensitive pigments needed for photosynthesis?
Thylakoids
Examples of cells that are prokaryotic
bacterial cell archaeal cell
Some bacteria have long, thin appendages that rotate like propellers, allowing the bacterial cell to move in fluid. These appendages are called _______________
flagella
The molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reaction is
ATP
Which types of cells may possess a cell wall
Archaea Bacteria Eukaryotes
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
Convert substrates into ATP
Liver and Kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle?
Peroxisomes
The formula, solar energy + carbon dioxide + Water --> Carbohydrate + Oxygen, represents which cellular function?
Photosynthesis
A large membranous sac located in the cytoplasm of a cell
Vacuole
In the plasma membrane of a prokaryote, the phospholipids are arranged in a
bilayer
A vesicle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes is called a __________________
lysosome
Which organelle is formed in the Golgi Apparatus?
lysosome
__________________ are the organelles that function in intracellular digestion
lysosome
All cells, except prokaryotes, convert carbohydrate energy to ATP within an organelle called the _______________
mitochondria
In a eukaryotic cell, within which organelle does cellular respiration occur?
mitochondria
The _______________ membrane separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding environment and regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell
plasma
Which type of cells lack membrane-bound organelles?
prokaryotes
What is the main function of the bacterial cell wall
protection
Chloroplasts contain numerous structures called grana, each of which is a stack of
thylakoids
A sperm does not contribute mitochondrial genes when fertilizing an egg
true