Principles of Management BIZ 2331

Who suggests that people are just as likely to move down Maslow's needs hierarchy as up? a.) Maslow b.) Herzberg c.) Alderfer d.) McClelland

Alderfer

Which of the following is a major federal employment law? a.) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 b.) Civil Rights Act of 1991 c.) Equal Pay Act of 1963 d.) All of these choices are major federal employment laws.

All of these choices are major federal employment laws.

_____ is the process of having managers and employees perform new behaviors that are central to and symbolic of the new organizational culture that a company wants to create. a.) Behavioral opportunism b.) Behavioral deskilling c.) Behavioral substitution d.) Behavioral addition

Behavioral addition

In the context of changing organizational cultures, which of the following is a difference between behavioral addition and behavioral substitution? a.) Behavioral addition refers to changing the visible artifacts of an organization's old culture, whereas behavioral substitution refers to the process where managers eliminate employees whose behavior is not consistent with that of the organizational culture. b.) Behavioral addition refers to the collection of information by managers before selecting job candidates to match their behaviors with that of the organizational culture, whereas behavioral substitution refers to building procedures to train employees about ethical practices. c.) Behavioral addition refers to the process of hiring candidates who have been judged by Bar Raisers, whereas behavioral substitution refers to the process of transferring employees to different departments based on their behavioral attributes. d.) Behavioral additionis the process of having managers and employees perform a new behavior, whereasbehavioral substitutionis having managers and employees perform a new behavior in place of another behavior.

Behavioral additionis the process of having managers and employees perform a new behavior, whereasbehavioral substitutionis having managers and employees perform a new behavior in place of another behavior.

As soon as she allocates tasks to her subordinates, Yolanda, an account manager, thinks about the next set of tasks that she can allocate to them so that she can gain credit from her superiors in the organization. Which of the following management mistakes is evident by this act of Yolanda? a.) Overdependence on mentor b.) Being overly ambitious c.) Insensitivity to others d.) Inability to staff effectively

Being overly ambitious

Which of the following is the process of identifying outstanding practices, processes, and standards in other companies and adapting them to your company? a.) Regulating b.) Profiling c.) Branding d.) Benchmarking

Benchmarking

In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a dog? a.) Bigs Steel, a metal manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry b.) Brain Cash, a finance company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry c.) Cleep Sweep, a detergent company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry d.) Ultimo Phone, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry

Bigs Steel, a metal manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry

Which of the following is an exception in employment law that permits sex, age, religion, and the like to be used when making employment decisions, but only if they are "reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business"? a.) Registered employment agreement b.) Bona fide occupational qualification c.) Critical skills employment permit d.) Employment regulation order

Bona fide occupational qualification

Which of the following is defined as a regulatory process of establishing standards to achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to the standards, and taking corrective action when necessary to restore performance to those standards? a.) Organizing b.) Planning c.) Coordination d.) Control

Control

Which of the following is a function of a top manager? a.) Managing the performance of entry-level employees b.) Coordinating and linking groups, departments, and divisions within a company c.) Creating a positive organizational culture through language and action d.) Facilitating team activities toward accomplishing a goal

Creating a positive organizational culture through language and action

Which of the following is a performance assessment in which companies identify which customers are leaving and measure the rate at which they are leaving? a.) Economic value added (EVA) b.) Cash flow analysis c.) Zero-based budgeting d.) Customer defections

Customer defections

Claire is a manager at an information technology (IT) firm. She notices a consistent drop in the productivity of her employees. She is not able to find the reason behind this drop. In the context of rational decision-making, which of the following steps should Claire take first? a.) Defining the problem b.) Computing the optimal decision c.) Generating alternative courses of action d.) Identifying decision criteria

Defining the problem

Clarespharm, a pharmaceutical company, wants to be the market leader in the country of Jefnamia by the end of the next fiscal year. To start working toward this goal, the marketing department of Clarespharm sets targets for the marketing teams. Which of the following is ideally the next step for achieving Clarespharm's goal to be the market leader? a.) Developing commitment to the goal b.) Tracking progress toward goal achievement c.) Developing effective action plans d.) Maintaining flexibility in planning

Developing commitment to the goal

Which of the following is a decision-making method that can be used to create c-type conflict by assigning an individual or a subgroup the role of critic? a.) Delphi technique b.) Dialectical inquiry c.) Nominal group technique d.) Devil's advocacy approach

Devil's advocacy approach

A job candidate is rejected on the pretext that he is hearing impaired. Which of the following types of discrimination does this exemplify? a.) Disability discrimination b.) Ethnicity discrimination c.) Age discrimination d.) Racial discrimination

Disability discrimination

_____ is a company's social responsibility to make a profit by producing a valued product or service. a.) Legal responsibility b.) Economic responsibility c.) Discretionary responsibility d.) Ethical responsibility

Economic responsibility

In general, operations management uses a qualitative approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories. T/F

False

Motion study involved timing how long it took good workers to complete each part of their jobs. T/F

False

Opportunistic behavior focuses on establishing a mutually beneficial, long-term relationship between buyers and suppliers. T/F

False

Supplier dependence is the degree to which a supplier relies on a buyer because of the importance of that buyer to the supplier and the difficulty of finding other buyers for its products. T/F

False

The Hawthorne Studies demonstrated that financial incentives were the most important motivator for workers. T/F

False

In the context of the communication process, which of the following makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message? a.) Retention b.) Encoding c.) Attenuation d.) Feedback

Feedback

Which of the following is a difference between feedforward control and feedback control? a.) Feedforward control is a bottom-up process, while feedback control is a top-down process. b.) Feedforward control monitors inputs, while feedback control monitors outputs. c.) Unlike feedforward control, feedback control involves gathering information about performance deficiencies before they occur. d.) Unlike feedforward control, feedback control attempts to eliminate the delay between performance and feedback about the performance.

Feedforward control monitors inputs, while feedback control monitors outputs.

A group of architects and builders is supposed to work together on a construction project. The team members are currently getting to know each other, setting up norms for the initial phase, and creating a temporary preliminary team structure. This group is in which stage of team development? a.) Norming b.) Storming c.) Performing d.) Forming

Forming

Celvokay, a company that manufactures smartphones and smartphone accessories, has launched a new smartphone that comes along with a new model of earphones with the noise-cancellation feature. These earphones are designed such that they can also be used with the older models of Celvokay's phones. Which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate? a.) Technological lockout b.) Unfreezing c.) Generational change d.) Refreezing

Generational change

Arboral Inc., an auto manufacturing company, has been extremely successful in its home country. In an attempt to increase its profitability, it has opened up new manufacturing plants and showrooms in three more countries. Which of the following grand strategies has Arboral used in this scenario? a.) Growth strategy b.) Retrenchment strategy c.) Acquisition strategy d.) Stability strategy

Growth strategy

In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a cash cow? a.) HappyTot, a children's toy company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry b.) Bigs Steel, a metal manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry c.) Brain Cash, a finance company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry d.) PrimeSmart, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry

HappyTot, a children's toy company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry

Identify a difference between ISO 9000 and ISO 27000. a.) ISO 9000 is a series of 12 international standards, whereas ISO 27000 is a series of five international standards. b.) ISO 9000 certification covers more than 50% of the requirements for the Baldrige Award, whereas ISO 27000 certification covers less than 10% of the requirements for the Baldrige Award. c.) The ISO 9000 standards publications are specific and can only be used to make certain types of products, whereas the ISO 27000 standards are general and can be used for manufacturing any kind of product or delivering any kind of service. d.) ISO 9000 is a set of standards for achieving consistency in quality management and quality assurance in companies throughout the world, whereas ISO 27000 is a set of standards for managing and monitoring security techniques for information technology.

ISO 9000 is a set of standards for achieving consistency in quality management and quality assurance in companies throughout the world, whereas ISO 27000 is a set of standards for managing and monitoring security techniques for information technology.

In the context of managerial roles, which of the following is a difference between the negotiator role and the figurehead role? a.) Managers act as negotiators when they establish challenging goals, whereas managers act as figureheads when they sit on another company's board. b.) In thenegotiator role, managers discuss projects, goals, outcomes, and employee raises, whereas in the figurehead role, managers perform ceremonial duties such as greeting company visitors. c.) As negotiators, managers scan their environment and actively contact others for information, whereas as figureheads, managers receive unsolicited information from their vast personal contacts. d.) The negotiator role is one of the forms of the interpersonal roleperformed by managers, whereas the figurehead role is one of the forms of the decisional role performed by managers.

In thenegotiator role, managers discuss projects, goals, outcomes, and employee raises, whereas in the figurehead role, managers perform ceremonial duties such as greeting company visitors.

In the context ofthe internal and external forces that affect business, which of the following is a difference between stable environments and dynamic environments? a.) Companies with stable environments experience changing customer preferences and attitudes, whereas companies with dynamic environments experience a fixed set of customer needs. b.) Instable environments, the rate of environmental change is slow, whereas indynamic environments, therate of environmentalchange is fast. c.) In stable environments, fundamental changes are observed in the environment, whereas in dynamic environments, incremental changes occur. d.) The stable environment of a company is only related to the external factors affecting the company, whereas the dynamic environment of a company is only related to the internal factors affecting the company.

Instable environments, the rate of environmental change is slow, whereas indynamic environments, therate of environmentalchange is fast.

Which of the following is an advantage of cross-training? a.) Itsuppresses the skills and knowledge of an organization's competitors. b.) Itreduces training expenses for an organization. c.) It allows a team to function normally even in the absence of a member. d.) It increases the external pool of resources for recruitment.

It allows a team to function normally even in the absence of a member.

How does Fiedler's contingency theory differ from other situational theories? a.) It states that the effectiveness of leaders can only be judged by what they do and who they are. b.) It states that leaders are capable of changing their leadership styles to fit the demands of different situations. c.) It assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change. d.) It assumes that effective leaders possess a similar set of traits or characteristics.

It assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change.

Which of the following is an advantage of geographic departmentalization? a.) It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise. b.) It lowers costs by reducing duplication. c.) It eases the achievement of coordination among managers of different departments. d.) It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers.

It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers.

In the context of using groups to improve decision-making, which of the following is true of the nominal group technique (NGT)? a.) It involves a panel of experts who respond to questions and to each other until they reach agreement on an issue. b.) It closes with a second quiet time in which group members independently rank the ideas presented. c.) It is known to conclude in hostility, anger, and resentment among the participating group members. d.) It forces decision makers to state the assumptions of a proposed solution and then generate a solution that is the opposite of the proposed solution.

It closes with a second quiet time in which group members independently rank the ideas presented.

Which of the following statements is true of resistance to change? a.) Employees are more likely to resist change if they are asked to focus on short-term wins, rather than long-term goals. b.) It decreases when change efforts receive significant managerial support. c.) Employees are more likely to resist change if they have to participate in planning and implementing the change process. d.) It is used to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change.

It decreases when change efforts receive significant managerial support.

Which of the following best defines a SWOT analysis? a.) It measures the tangible rather than the intangible assets of an organization. b.) It measures the tangible rather than the intangible assets of an organization. c.) It involves assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment. d.) Its aim is to review internal processes independently of the external industry environment.

It involves assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment.

Which of the following best defines a tariff? a.) It is a limit on the number of products exported to a particular country. b.) It is a direct tax on imported goods. c.) It is a specific limit on the volume of imported goods. d.) It is a complete ban on trade of a certain item.

It is a direct tax on imported goods.

Which of the following defines job posting? a.) It is a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job. b.) It is a procedure for advertising job openings within a company to existing employees. c.) It is a planned sequence of jobs through which employees may advance within an organization. d.) It is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

It is a procedure for advertising job openings within a company to existing employees.

In the context of organizational authority, which of the following best defines staff authority? a.) It is the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command. b.) It is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling a company's products. c.) It is an activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling a company's products but instead supports line activities. d.) It is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command.

It is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command.

In the context of job design, which of the following is true of job specialization? a.) It involves giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work. b.) It occurs when the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job is increased. c.) It occurs when a job is composed of a small part of a larger task or process. d.) It is an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes.

It occurs when a job is composed of a small part of a larger task or process.

In the context of surface-level diversity, which of the following occurs when people are treated differently because of their sex? a.) It gives workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work. b.) It overcomes the deficiencies in specialized work by increasing the number of tasks. c.) It encourages companies to have a co-CEO arrangement that can lead to an improvement in the performance of employees. d.) It prevents the confusion that might arise when an employee receives conflicting commands from two different bosses.

It prevents the confusion that might arise when an employee receives conflicting commands from two different bosses.

Which of the following is a trait difference between leaders and nonleaders? a.) Leaders are more concerned with means, while nonleaders are concerned more with ends. b.) Leaders display more honesty and integrity than nonleaders. c.) Leaders focus on productivity, while nonleaders focus on vision and goals. d.) Leaders are more extroverted than nonleaders.

Leaders display more honesty and integrity than nonleaders.

Which of the following is a function of leaders? a.) Leaders focus on the means of getting things done. b.) Leaders solve the problems that employees face. c.) Leaders inspire people and take a long-term view. d.) Leaders try to control and limit choices of others.

Leaders inspire people and take a long-term view.

As the art director of a film production company, Ahmet carries out the duties that are assigned to him by his manager. At the same time, Ahmet issues orders to the assistant art directors who work under him. In the context of organizational authority, which of the following features of a traditional organizational structure does this scenario best illustrate? a.) Staff authority b.) Horizontal authority c.) Pseudo-authority d.) Line authority

Line authority

In an organization, who is responsible for developing and carrying out operational plans? a.) Members of the board of directors b.) Top managers c.) Middle managers d.) Lower-level managers

Lower-level managers

In the context of the planning process, which of the following is most likely to be useful when conceived goals turn out not to be achievable? a.) Developing commitment to goals b.) Tracking progress toward goal achievement c.) Developing long-term action plans d.) Maintaining flexibility when making plans

Maintaining flexibility when making plans

Which of the following steps is a manager most likely to take if he or she is using goal-setting theory as a motivational tool for his or her employees? a.) Refraining from providing frequent, performance-specific feedback b.) Reducing employees' inputs c.) Refraining from reinforcing wrong behaviors d.) Making sure workers truly accept organizational goals

Making sure workers truly accept organizational goals

_____ is defined as getting work done through others. a.) Accounting b.) Orientation c.) Marketing d.) Management

Management

In the context of the external environment of a firm, which of the following statements is true of environmental scanning? a.) It remains unaffected by organizational strategies. b.) Managers scan their firm's environment to reduce uncertainty. c.) CEOs in poorer-performing firmsscan their firms' environments more frequently than CEOs in better-performing firms. d.) It is reactive in nature and leads to the detection of environmental problems after they become organizational crises.

Managers scan their firm's environment to reduce uncertainty.

Which of the following is a difference between manual capture of information and electronic capture of information? a.) Manual capture of information is an inexpensive way to collect information, whereas electronic capture of information results in huge costs. b.) Manual capture of information involves the use of radio frequency identification tags, whereas electronic capture of information involves the use of bar codes. c.) Manual capture of information is a labor-intensive, often accurate process, whereas electronic capture of information is an automated, often inaccurate process. d.) Manual capture of information is a slow process, whereas electronic capture records information at high speed.

Manual capture of information is a slow process, whereas electronic capture records information at high speed.

Gettorx, a multinational personal care company, organized its labor force based on product categories, such as bathing accessories, makeup products, and hair cleansers. All these departments have their own marketing, finance, and sales divisions. In this scenario, which of the following organizational structures does Gettorx most likely follow? a.) Matrix departmentalization b.) Geographic departmentalization c.) Process departmentalization d.) Customer departmentalization

Matrix departmentalization

In an organization, who is responsible for the creation of tactical plans? a.) First-level managers b.) Chief financial officers c.) Top managers d.) Middle managers

Middle managers

Which of the following are defined as nontax methods of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods? a.) Quorums b.) Nontariff barriers c.) Nonresident barriers d.) Grants

Nontariff barriers

Which of the following is a difference between normative control and concertive control? a.) Under concertive control, most workers only have to worry about pleasing the boss, whereas under normative control, the behavior of workers has to satisfy the rest of their team members. b.) Concertive controls are based on beliefs that are strongly held and widely shared throughout a company, whereas normative controls are based on beliefs that are shaped and negotiated by work groups. c.) Normative controls are driven by strong organizational cultures, whereas concertive controls usually arise when companies give work groups complete autonomy and responsibility for task completion. d.) Normative control monitors rules, whereas concertive control monitors outputs.

Normative controls are driven by strong organizational cultures, whereas concertive controls usually arise when companies give work groups complete autonomy and responsibility for task completion.

All the members of the sales team at Arkema are new hires. The team members need to work together to ensure that clients' requirements are fulfilled and weekly targets set by the company are adequately met. However, the team members are often involved in minor arguments and find it difficult to work with each other. In which of the following stages of team development is this team most likely to resolve petty differences among its members? a.) Forming stage b.) Norming stage c.) Storming stage d.) Reforming stage

Norming stage

_____ refers to the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by organizational members. a.) Organizational design b.) Organizational culture c.) Organizational hierarchy d.) Organizational innovation

Organizational culture

Which of the following is a disadvantage of electronic brainstorming? a.) It causes production blocking when one has to wait to present an idea. b.) Ideas do not remain anonymous. c.) Outgoing individuals can find it difficult to express themselves in writing. d.) It creates evaluation apprehension.

Outgoing individuals can find it difficult to express themselves in writing.

Which of the following assesses how efficiently companies use only one input, such as labor, when creating outputs? a.) Partial productivity b.) Service recovery c.) Internal service quality d.) Multifactor productivity

Partial productivity

According to path-goal theory, which of the following subordinate contingencies refers to how capable subordinates believe they are for doing their jobs well? a.) Locus of control b.) Perceived ability c.) Position power d.) Task structure

Perceived ability

All the members of the sales team at Orokem are friendly with each other and enjoy working together. The team members feel equally responsible for the successes and failures of the team. The members of Orokem's sales team are in which stage of team development? a.) Storming b.) Norming c.) Forming d.) Performing

Performing

Flagon Inc., a bottle manufacturing company, pays its employees 50 cents for every bottle that is produced in addition to the production rate of 200 bottles per day. Which of the following compensation systems has Flagon adopted? a.) Profit sharing b.) Commission c.) Piecework d.) Stock options

Piecework

In the context of Henri Fayol's management functions, which of the following is a difference between planning and organizing? a.) Planning involves determining organizational goals, whereas organizing involves determining how things get done. b.) Planning involves motivating workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals, whereas organizing involves identifying the means to achieve organizational goals. c.) Planning is deciding where decisions will be made, whereas organizing is monitoring progress toward goal achievement. d.) Planning is inspiring workers to work hard on a daily basis, whereas organizing istaking corrective action when progress isn't being made.

Planning involves determining organizational goals, whereas organizing involves determining how things get done.

In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a star? a.) PrimeSmart, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry b.) HappyTot, a children's toy company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry c.) RigsWheels, a tire manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry d.) RainTech, an electronics company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry

PrimeSmart, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry

In which of the following ways can companies ensure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else? a.) Refraining from assigning additional responsibilities to disabled employees b.) Recruiting disabled candidates at least for entry-level jobs c.) Providing reasonable workplace accommodations for disabled employees d.) Employing people with disabilities only for jobs that do not require movement

Providing reasonable workplace accommodations for disabled employees

In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a question mark? a.) RainTech, an electronics company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry b.) HappyTot, a children's toy company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry c.) PrimeSmart, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry d.) RigsWheels, a tire manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry

RainTech, an electronics company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry

Which of the following consists of the strategic actions that a company takes after retrenchment to return to a growth strategy? a.) Recovery b.) Downsizing c.) Strategic dissonance d.) Competitive inertia

Recovery

If managed properly, the shift from surface- to deep-level diversity can accomplish which of these two things? a.) Gender-based discretion and openness to experience b.) Reduction in prejudice and social integration c.) Social integration and an ethnocentric work environment d.) Openness to experience and the glass ceiling effect

Reduction in prejudice and social integration

Roberto has a list of characteristics that he wants his new house to have, and he has listed every item in that list in their order of importance to him. Among the items on his list, the proximity to a bus stop has the highest priority as it is his primary means of commuting, and the street name has the lowest priority. In this scenario, Roberto is using which of the following to make a rational decision? a.) Satisficing b.) Absolute comparisons c.) Relative comparisons d.) Benchmarking

Relative comparisons

_____ is the abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an organization's external environment. a.) Resource augmentation b.) Resource equilibrium c.) Resource leveling d.) Resource scarcity

Resource scarcity

Which of the following exemplifies an intrinsic reward? a.) Rani receives an annual bonus. b.) Samantha receives a cash reward for good job performance. c.) Richard enjoys his job and sees it as a chance to learn something new. d.) Daphne is promoted at work.

Richard enjoys his job and sees it as a chance to learn something new.

Which of the following is one of the biggest contributors to misunderstandings and miscommunication, because it strongly influences what people see, hear, read, and understand at work? a.) Selective perception b.) Structural accommodation c.) Closure d.) Retention

Selective perception

In the context of surface-level diversity, which of the following occurs when people are treated differently because of their sex? a.) Genetic discrimination b.) Racial discrimination c.) Sex discrimination d.) Ethnic discrimination

Sex discrimination

_____ is a business's obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society. a.) Social networking b.) Social engineering c.) Social responsibility d.) Social loafing

Social responsibility

Which of the following is a type of operational plan that saves managers' time because once the plan is created, it can be used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events? a.) Standing plan b.) Single-use plan c.) Tactical plan d.) Budget plan

Standing plan

Which of the following is defined as a more specific goal than the organization's purpose that unifies company-wide efforts, stretches and challenges the organization, and possesses a finish line and a time frame? a.) Strategic objective b.) Mission statement c.) Single-use plan d.) Vision statement

Strategic objective

In the context of the specific environment of an organization, which of the following is a difference between supplier dependence and buyer dependence? a.) Supplier dependence relates to the difficulty of finding consumers for a particular product, whereas buyer dependence relates to the difficulty of finding dealers of a particular product. b.) A high degree of buyer dependence can lead to opportunistic behavior, whereas a high degree of supplier dependence does not lead to opportunistic behavior. c.) Supplier dependence takes into account the importance of a consumer to a supplier's sales, whereas buyer dependence takes into account the importance of a manufacturer's products to a company. d.) Supplier dependence is the degree to which a company relies on a dealer for the dealer's product, whereas buyer dependence is the degree to which a supplier relies on a consumer.

Supplier dependence is the degree to which a company relies on a dealer for the dealer's product, whereas buyer dependence is the degree to which a supplier relies on a consumer.

In the context of the skills that managers should possess, which of the following is a difference between technical skills and conceptual skills? a.) Technical skillsare the specialized procedures and knowledge required to get a job done, whereas conceptual skills are the ability to understand how the different parts of a company affect each other. b.) Technical skills can besummarized as the ability to work well with others, whereas conceptual skills can be summarized as the capability of assessing how motivated employees are to interact with superiors. c.) Unlike conceptual skills, technical skills increase in importance as managers rise through the management hierarchy. d.) Unlike managers with conceptual skills, managers with technical skills canrecognize how a company fits into or is affected by its external environment.

Technical skillsare the specialized procedures and knowledge required to get a job done, whereas conceptual skills are the ability to understand how the different parts of a company affect each other.

Which of the following illustrates the management practice of gaining competitive advantage through people? a.) The board of directors of Naocomp, a software company, decides to launch its own research and development division by investing from the company's profits. b.) The management of Mabette, a law firm, believes that it is best not to disclose the company's financial information to the employees of the organization. c.) Pentafth, an advertising agency, does not provide job security to its employees under the pretense that the fear of losing their jobs would cause the employees to perform well. d.) Olagamp, a pharmaceutical company, recruits aggressively without enough screening so that it does not lose any talented job applicants in the process.

The board of directors of Naocomp, a software company, decides to launch its own research and development division by investing from the company's profits.

Cooling Systemz is a company that manufactures electric heaters and air conditioners. Customers purchase standardized items from this store for their homes and offices. The company has adopted make-to-stock operations. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true of Cooling Systemz? a.) The company produces or assembles highly specialized products for customers. b.) The company is not dependent on the accuracy of sales forecasts. c.) The company orders parts and assembles modules ahead of customer orders. d.) The company starts assembling finished products before receiving customer orders.

The company starts assembling finished products before receiving customer orders.

In the context of structured conflict, which of the following is a difference between the devil's advocacy approach and dialectical inquiry? a.) The devil's advocacy approach results in the creation of a-type conflicts, whereas dialectical inquiry results in the creation of c-type conflicts. b.) The devil's advocacy approach does not lead to improved decision quality, whereas dialectical inquiry leads to improved decision quality. c.) The devil's advocacy approach uses a panel of experts to respond to questions and to each other until reaching agreement on an issue, whereas dialectical inquiry involves group members who quietly write down and evaluate ideas to be shared with the group. d.) The devil's advocacy approach involves assigning an individual the role of critic, whereas dialectical inquiry involvesgeneration of a solution that is the opposite of a proposed solution.

The devil's advocacy approach involves assigning an individual the role of critic, whereas dialectical inquiry involvesgeneration of a solution that is the opposite of a proposed solution.

In the context of managing innovation, identify a difference between the experiential approach and the compression approach. a.) The experiential approach is used to manage innovation in highly certain environments, whereas the compression approach is used to manage innovation in highly uncertain environments. b.) The goal of the experiential approach is incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing dominant design, whereas the goal of the compression approach is the establishment of a new dominant design. c.) The general strategy in the experiential approach is to build something new, different, and substantially better, whereas the general strategy in the compression approach is to reduce the time and steps to make small, consistent improvements in performance and functionality. b.) The experiential approach is used during periods of incremental change, whereas the compression approach is used during periods of discontinuous change.

The general strategy in the experiential approach is to build something new, different, and substantially better, whereas the general strategy in the compression approach is to reduce the time and steps to make small, consistent improvements in performance and functionality.

Which of the following is true of managers? a.) They arecritical to inspiring employees and setting long-term goals. b.) They focus on vision, mission, goals, and objectives. c.) Theysee themselves as promoters of change and challengers of the status quo. d.) They are concerned with control and limiting the choices of others.

They are concerned with control and limiting the choices of others.

Which of the following statements is true of bureaucratically controlled companies? a.) They are highly responsive to their customers' needs. b.) They rely on group norms rather than on formalized rules and regulations. c.) They place little emphasis on policies and procedures. d.) They are highly resistant to change.

They are highly resistant to change.

Which of the following is a similarity between Frederick W. Taylor and Lillian Gilbreth? a.) They both used film cameras to analyze jobs. b.) They both proposed giving workers longer work hours and fewer breaks. c.) They both developed time study. d.) They both strove to simplify work.

They both strove to simplify work.

In the context of managing resistance to change, which of the following is an error that managers make during the unfreezing stage? a.) They lack a visionfor change. b.) They undercommunicate the vision by a factor of 10. c.) They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency. d.) They do not systematically plan for short-term wins.

They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency.

Which of the following is true of leaders? a.) They focus on productivity and efficiency. b.) They solve problems so that others can do their work. c.) They focus on vision, mission, goals, and organizational objectives. d.) They see themselves as preservers of the status quo.

They focus on vision, mission, goals, and organizational objectives.

Which of the following is one of the five industry forces identified by Harvard professor Michael Porter? a.) Threat of new entrants b.) Threat of competitive inertia c.) Threat of strategic dissonance d.) Threat of planned obsolescence

Threat of new entrants

Which of the following theories holds that leaders are taller and more confident and have greater physical stamina (i.e., higher energy levels) than nonleaders? a.) Trait theory b.) Path-goal theory c.) Situational leadership theory d.) Contingency theory

Trait theory

Ethics training becomes more credible when top managers teach the initial ethics classes to their subordinates who in turn teach their subordinates. T/F

True

Gantt charts were revolutionary in the era of seat-of-the-pants management because of the detailed planning information they provided. T/F

True

In his work with companies, Henry Gantt found that workers achieved their best performance levels if they were trained first. T/F

True

Organizational culture is key to fostering ethical decision making. T/F

True

The principle of distributive justice is designed to protect the poor, the uneducated, and the unemployed. T/F

True

Which of the following is a bureaucratic organization? a.) UJeans, which hires people based on their qualifications and skills b.) Chilled Diner, which promotes employees based on their social connections c.) Joni's Jumpers, where the owner manages and supervises the company d.) PaintedOn Inc., where organizational rules and procedures are changed every day

UJeans, which hires people based on their qualifications and skills

Identify a difference between bureaucratic control and concertive control. a.) Unlike bureaucratically controlled companies, concertively controlled companies are highly resistant to change. b.) Concertive control is driven by strong organizational cultures, whereas bureaucratic control usually arises when companies give work groups complete autonomy and responsibility for task completion. c.) Under bureaucratic control, most workers only have to worry about pleasing the boss, whereas with concertive control, their behavior has to satisfy the rest of their team members. d.) Unlike bureaucratic control, concertive control is based on beliefs that are shaped and negotiated by work groups.

Under bureaucratic control, most workers only have to worry about pleasing the boss, whereas with concertive control, their behavior has to satisfy the rest of their team members.

In the context of managing organizational change, which of the following is a difference between unfreezing and refreezing? a.) Unfreezing focuses on long-term goals, whereas refreezing focuses on short-term goals. b.) Unfreezing occurs through coercion, whereas refreezing occurs through education and communication. c.) Unfreezingis getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed, whereasrefreezingis supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick. d.) Unfreezing takes place only at the lower levels of an organization, whereas refreezing takes place only at the higher levels of an organization.

Unfreezingis getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed, whereasrefreezingis supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick.

In the context of using groups to improve decision-making, which of the following is a difference between c-type conflict and a-type conflict? a.) Unlike c-type conflict statements, a-type conflict statements focus on issues and ideas. b.) Unlike a-type conflict, c-type conflict refers to the emotional reactions that can occur when disagreements become personal. c.) Unlike a-type conflict, c-type conflict undermines team effectiveness. d.) Unlike c-type conflict, a-type conflict often results in anger and resentment.

Unlike c-type conflict, a-type conflict often results in anger and resentment.

In the context of communication, which of the following is a difference between encoding and decoding? a.) The process of encoding is affected by noise, whereas the process of decoding is not affected by noise. b.) Encoding does not require a communication channel, whereas decoding requires a communication channel. c.) Unlike encoding, decoding is the process by which the receiver translates the verbal or symbolic form of a message into an understood message. d.) Unlike decoding, the process of encoding is immediately followed by the process of providing feedback to the sender of a message.

Unlike encoding, decoding is the process by which the receiver translates the verbal or symbolic form of a message into an understood message.

In the context of rational decision-making, which of the following is a difference between absolute comparisons and relative comparisons? a.) Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is assigned a fixed weight based on its relevance. b.) Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is ranked on its own merits. c.) Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is compared directly with every other criterion. d.) Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is compared with a standard.

Unlike in absolute comparisons, in relative comparisons,each criterion is compared directly with every other criterion.

Which of the following is a difference between partial productivity and multifactor productivity? a.) Unlike multifactor productivity, partial productivity only indicates how much labor and capital a company requires to produce an output. b.) Unlike partial productivity measures, multifactor productivity measures do not indicate the specific contributions that labor, capital, materials, or energy make to overall productivity. c.) Unlike multifactor productivity, partial productivity indicates a company's overall level of productivity relative to its competitors. d.) Unlike partial productivity measures, multifactor productivity measures can help managers determine what factors need to be adjusted or in what areas adjustment can make the most difference in overall productivity.

Unlike partial productivity measures, multifactor productivity measures do not indicate the specific contributions that labor, capital, materials, or energy make to overall productivity.

In the context of the specific environment of an organization, which of the following is a difference between reactive customer monitoring and proactive monitoring of customers? a.) Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers involveslistening closely to customer complaints and responding to customer concerns. b.) Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers involves identifying potential customers and seeking ways to attract them to indulge in a product or service. c.) Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers identifies and addresses customer needs before they occur. d.) Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers includes the use of an advocacy tactic that revolves around product boycotting.

Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers identifies and addresses customer needs before they occur.

Which of the following is a difference between first-line managers and top managers? a.) Unlike first-line managers, top managersmake detailed schedules and operating plans based on middle management's intermediate-range plans. b.) Unlike first-line managers, top managersare responsible for teaching entry-level employees how to do their jobs. c.) Unlike top managers, first-line managersengage in plans and actions that typically produce results within two weeks. d.) Unlike top managers, first-line managers are responsible for creating a positive organizational culture through language and action.

Unlike top managers, first-line managersengage in plans and actions that typically produce results within two weeks.

Which of the following is a difference between oral communication and written communication? a.) Written communication is a richer communication medium than oral communication. b.) Unlike written communication, oral communication is well suited for delivering complex, ambiguous, or emotionally laden messages. c.) Unlike written communication, oral communication is well suited for delivering straightforward messages and information. d.) Written communication provides more nonverbal cues than oral communication.

Unlike written communication, oral communication is well suited for delivering complex, ambiguous, or emotionally laden messages.

In the context of formal communication channels, which of the following is used to encourage lower-level managers and employees to participate in organizational decision-making? a.) Upward communication b.) Downward communication c.) Horizontal communication d.) Lateral communication

Upward communication

Which of the followingis software that encrypts Internet data at both ends of the data transmission process? a.) Optical character recognition software b.) Virtual private network c.) Decision support system d.) Executive information system

Virtual private network

Coulson, the operations manager at a chemical manufacturing company, finds that the air pollutants released by the company have become very high. To arrive at a decision to resolve the issue, he defines the problem and then identifies decision criteria. In the context of rational decision-making, which of the following is the next step that Coulson should ideally take? a.) Computing the optimal decision b.) Weighing the decision criteria c.) Making absolute comparisons d.) Generating alternative courses of action

Weighing the decision criteria

Juliana does not like her new job as a web designer at a software company because she finds the work culture unfitting. Her female peers go on dinner dates with the project manager to get their work approved. She also has male colleagues who exhibit inappropriate behavior. In the context of employment legislation, this scenario best illustrates _____. a.) adverse impact b.) structural accommodation c.) a hostile work environment d.) a cognitive bias

a hostile work environment

Job specifications can be defined as _____. a.) a written summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform a particular job b.) written descriptions of the basic responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job c.) planned sequences of jobs through which employees may advance within an organization d.) a set of procedures for advertising job openings within a company to existing employees

a written summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform a particular job

Annette, a reporter at a daily newspaper, is given a low performance rating because she has not been meeting productivity requirements. She is personally affected by the low rating and gets into an argument with her manager. In this scenario, the disagreement between Annette and her supervisor can best be classified as _____. a.) constructive conflict b.) c-type conflict c.) a-type conflict d.) cognitive conflict

a-type conflict

A difference between workplace diversity and affirmative action is that _____. a.) unlike diversity programs, organizations that pursue affirmative action programs do so voluntarily b.) organizations cannot achieve diversity without affirmative action, whereas affirmative action can take place without diversity c.) affirmative action guarantees diversity, whereas diversity does not guarantee affirmative action d.) affirmative action is required by law for private employers with fifty or more employees, whereas diversity is not

affirmative action is required by law for private employers with fifty or more employees, whereas diversity is not

Unlike leaders, managers _____. a.) focus on vision, mission, goals, and objectives b.) are more concerned with what work gets done c.) are concerned with control and limiting the choices of others d.) inspire and motivate others to find their own solutions

are concerned with control and limiting the choices of others

Unlike nontariff barriers, tariffs _____. a.) decrease the cost of exported goods b.) are nontax methods of reducing the volume of imported goods c.) are direct taxes on imported goods d.) increase the cost of imported goods

are direct taxes on imported goods

Claire is 25 years old. She owns an editorial services firm. Her employees' average age is 30. Claire prefers to hire new graduates and train them instead of hiring experienced people. The age discrimination that Claire displays could be because she believes that older workers _____. a.) choose jobs only to achieve a sense of accomplishment b.) want more control over their movement in and out of the workplace c.) are not interested in learning new things d.) do not make use of health care benefits

are not interested in learning new things

In the context of organizational development, the purpose of small-group interventions is to _____. a.) increase interpersonal effectiveness by helping people to become aware of their attitudes b.) help people acquire new skills and knowledge c.) assess how a group functions and help it work more effectively to accomplish its goals d.) change the character and performance of an organization, business unit, or department

assess how a group functions and help it work more effectively to accomplish its goals

Diversity drives business growth by _____. a.) weakening business monopoly b.) reinforcing affirmative action c.) attracting different customers and markets d.) decreasing competition in the industry

attracting different customers and markets

Matheos goes to an Internet café and tries to access his emails. The email service provider asks Matheos to enter his email address along with the password associated with it. By asking for the email address and the password, the email service provider is _____. a.) acknowledging Matheos b.) authorizing Matheos c.) authenticating Matheos d.) decrypting Matheos

authenticating Matheos

The two critical steps that are required to make sure that data can be accessed by approved users and no one else are _____. a.) authentication and authorization b.) empowerment and authorization c.) empowerment and encryption d.) authentication and encryption

authentication and authorization

Baked Delights is a startup bakery. To set up its own business standards, it recently collected data on the quality and pricing of the products of Sweet Tooth, the largest and most popular bakery in the region. This is an example of _____. a.) profiling b.) benchmarking c.) suboptimization d.) business regulation

benchmarking

Chloe is planning to open a restaurant. Before proceeding with the plan, she collects data on the operating standards of one of her favorite restaurants that inspired her to open her own restaurant. This is an example of _____. a.) suboptimization b.) benchmarking c.) delegation d.) brainstorming

benchmarking

The management of Elaka Air, an airline company, has set a mandatory retirement age for its flight attendants. This is because the management strongly feels that with age, flight attendants find it difficult to work in a pressurized cabin for extended periods. In the context of federal employment laws, this scenario exemplifies a(n) _____. a.) critical skills employment permit b.) employment regulation order c.) bona fide occupational qualification d.) registered employment agreement

bona fide occupational qualification

Jayla is the manager of a luxury hotel. All her team members are required to follow a code of conduct. If they do so consistently, they are awarded an appreciation certificate. However, if they fail to do so, Jayla imposes a fine on them, which is later deducted from their salary. In this scenario, Jayla is using _____. a.) normative control b.) bureaucratic control c.) adaptive control d.) concertive control

bureaucratic control

In the context of systems management, unlike open systems, closed systems: a.) use synergy to communicate with their external environments. b.) can function as a whole without their elements being interrelated. c.) interact with and depend on their environments for survival. d.) can function without interacting with their environments.

can function without interacting with their environments.

A drawback of planning is that it _____. a.) discourages employees from putting in additional efforts when following a plan b.) decreases persistence among employees, and leads to slackness c.) fails to provide direction to managerial activities d.) causes detachment, which leads planners to plan for things they do not understand

causes detachment, which leads planners to plan for things they do not understand

The final step in setting standards by benchmarking is to _____. a.) implement functional departmentalization across a company b.) determine the effects of benchmarking on the company's performance c.) identify the companies against which to benchmark one's standards d.) collect data to determine other companies' performance standards

collect data to determine other companies' performance standards

Cody is a manager at Westwick Inc., an advertising company. He regularly holds meetings with his subordinates to track their work progress and address issues that they might be facing. This way, Cody tries to ensure that issues are identified early and work is completed on time. In this case, Cody is using _____. a.) reactive control b.) concurrent control c.) feedforward control d.) feedback control

concurrent control

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, people at the _____ of moral development make decisions that conform to societal expectations. a.) unconventional level b.) preconventional level c.) postconventional level d.) conventional level

conventional level

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike personal aggression, employee shrinkage: a.) solely affects the intangible assets of a company. b.) hurts the quality and quantity of work produced. c.) deals with worker theft of company merchandise. d.) deals with hostile behavior toward coworkers.

deals with worker theft of company merchandise.

Fatima owns a chain of tattoo studios. Her studios are managed by a group of employees. Despite personality differences, the employees are able to work together effectively. Fatima's employees display _____. a.) deep-level diversity b.) genetic diversity c.) surface-level diversity d.) functional diversity

deep-level diversity

A just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is used with _____. a.) both dependent and independent demand systems b.) neither dependent nor independent demand systems c.) dependent demand systems d.) independent demand systems

dependent demand systems

Unlike the distinctive competencies of a company, the core capabilities of a company _____. a.) cannot be sustained for long without superior distinctive competencies b.) determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs c.) include things that the company can make, do, or perform better than its competitors d.) are tangible and more visible

determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs

Devanie used to work in a sports bar. Despite being nominated by her manager for a promotion for her outstanding performance, the nomination was rejected; and a male coworker was awarded the promotion. Subsequently, Devanie's manager informed her that she was not promoted because the post requires working extra hours, and the management considered that to be a difficult task for a female employee. This is an example of _____. a.) disparate treatment b.) adverse impact c.) minority domination d.) affirmative action

disparate treatment

Autowizic Inc., an automobile manufacturing company, plans to move its operations to a different city by the end of the year. It sets a target of moving one department by the end of each month, so that all the departments can be moved within a year. In this scenario, Autowizic's plan of moving its operations to a different city by the end of the year is an example of a _____. a.) provisional goal b.) proximal goal c.) distal goal d.) foundational goal

distal goal

Traditional work groups are different from self-managing teams in that team members _____. a.) have the freedom to make suggestions to management b.) do not have direct responsibility or control over their work c.) do not have the authority to change the design of their teams d.) manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production

do not have direct responsibility or control over their work

After Axcess Systems lost a major client, it decided to change its organizational structure. To communicate the organizational change to its employees, the top management sent out an email containing a detailed account of its new strategic plan to all the employees. In the context of formal communication channels, this scenario illustrates _____. a.) lateral communication b.) upward communication c.) horizontal communication d.) downward communication

downward communication

Ethereal Feels is a food catering company that wants to revamp its business in order to expand its customer base. The top management makes an official announcement to all its employees about its new business model. In the context of formal communication channels, this scenario illustrates _____. a.) downward communication b.) upward communication c.) lateral communication d.) horizontal communication

downward communication

Much of the basic management process cannot be performed without ______. a.) organizational silence b.) effective communication c.) nonverbal communication d.) company hotlines

effective communication

Managers who use bureaucratic control are known to _____. a.) place little emphasis on policies and procedures b.) emphasize following the rules above all else c.) rely on group norms rather than on formalized rules and regulations d.) believe that the shared values and beliefs of the company guide workers' behavior

emphasize following the rules above all else

The most popular approach to increase goal commitment is to _____. a.) ask the top management to assign goals b.) encourage employee participation while setting goals c.) develop less challenging goals d.) minimize employee involvement in planning

encourage employee participation while setting goals

In the context of brainstorming, the fear of what others will think of one's ideas is known as _____. a.) dialectal inquiry b.) evaluation apprehension c.) production blocking d.) cognitive conflict

evaluation apprehension

Jose is a school teacher. If his students score less than 50% on their class tests, he assigns them extra homework. Jose is using _____. a.) feedback control b.) concurrent control c.) feedforward control d.) reactive control

feedback control

All work-in-process inventories are assembled to create _____. a.) feedstock inventories b.) raw material inventories c.) component parts inventories d.) finished goods inventories

finished goods inventories

According to the normative decision theory, leaders who share problems with their subordinates and then have them make decisions use a(n) _____. a.) repressive decision style b.) autocratic decision style c.) consultative decision style d.) group decision style

group decision style

Asterisk Inc. decided to change some of its policies. Jeremiah, a team manager, conducted a meeting to inform his team about the management's decision. During the meeting, the majority of Jeremiah's team members were in favor of the policies except Sandi. As a result, Sandi decided not to voice her concerns about the policy changes fearing negative consequences. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____. a.) synergy b.) reverse psychology c.) groupthink d.) conservative bias

groupthink

Unlike upward communication, horizontal communication _____. a.) helps higher-level managers assess organizational performance and effectiveness b.) encourages those at lower levels in an organization to share their concerns with higher-level authorities c.) is usually seen in organizations with centralized authority d.) helps people at the same organizational level resolve conflicts without involving high levels of management

helps people at the same organizational level resolve conflicts without involving high levels of management

In the context of formal communication channels, a day-shift nurse coming in at 7:30 a.m. for a half-hour discussion with the midnight nurse supervisor who leaves at 8:00 a.m. is an example of _____. a.) incongruent communication b.) upward communication c.) horizontal communication d.) downward communication

horizontal communication

In the context of ethical intensity, unlikeproximity of effect,concentration of effect is: a.) the social distance of a decision maker from those affected by his or her decisions. b.) how much an act affects the average person. c.) the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others. d.) the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision.

how much an act affects the average person.

Leon, the leader of the sales team at a company that manufactures baby products, is a good team player and is sensitive to the needs and viewpoints of his team members. Leon most likely possesses high _____. a.) technical skills b.) human skills c.) conceptual skills d.) planning skills

human skills

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike property deviance, production deviance: a.) impacts the ownership and legal rights of an organization. b.) includesserious deviant behaviors that are targeted at an organization. c.) hurts the possessions of a company. d.) hurts the quality and quantity of work produced.

hurts the quality and quantity of work produced.

A text or email is often a better communication medium than the oral medium when the message _____. a.) is complex and hard to decipher b.) includes a detailed request requiring two-way communication c.) includes straightforward information d.) requires immediate feedback

includes straightforward information

Mary Parker Follett believed that the best way to deal with conflict was _____. a.) domination b.) coercion c.) integration d.) compromise

integration

Akiko works at the information desk of a gallery. She is shy and tends to speak only when spoken to. Akiko is an artist herself. She is quiet, thoughtful, and reads a lot about the art world and has in-depth knowledge about the gallery's artwork. In the context of personalities, Akiko is a(n) _____. a.) extravert b.) introvert c.) narcissist d.) mediator

introvert

In the context of maintaining flexibility while planning, unlike traditional planning, options-based planning _____. a.) reduces flexibility b.) involves maintaining slack resources c.) involves committingpeople and resources to a particular course of action d.) involves making large investments in many alternative plans over a long period of time

involves maintaining slack resources

In the context of workplace deviance, unlike personal aggression, political deviance: a.) includes the theft of company merchandise. b.) involvesdirect hostility toward others. c.) includes verbal abuse and personally threatening coworkers. d.) involves using one's influence to harm others.

involves using one's influence to harm others.

Unlike holding cost, stockout cost _____. a.) does not include the transaction costs of overtime work and shipping b.) is incurred when a company runs out of a product c.) includes inventory taxes and the cost of obsolescence d.) is also known as carrying cost

is incurred when a company runs out of a product

In the context of ethical intensity, unlike temporal immediacy, probability of effect: a.) is agreement on whether behavior is bad or good. b.) is how much an act affects the average person. c.) is the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others. d.) is the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision.

is the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others.

Emma works as a receptionist at Willoware Inc. As a part of her job, she is responsible not only for attending calls but also for welcoming clients and customers, keeping a record of the visitors, and mediating between visitors and managers. In the context of job design, Willoware Inc. is most likely using _____. a.) task rigidity b.) job enlargement c.) job specialization d.) task identity

job enlargement

Amborfes Inc., a company that supplies packing materials to pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, ensures that its employees do not get bored with specific jobs by periodically moving them across a variety of jobs such as pasting of cartons, manufacturing of blisters, manufacturing of sleeves for plastic bottles, scoring of cartons, and printing and laminating of cartons. In the context of job design, Amborfes Inc. is most likely using _____. a.) task rigidity b.) job specialization c.) task identity d.) job rotation

job rotation

Ellie works as a history professor. The skills required for her job are limited and easy to acquire, and the job tends to get monotonous. She is unsatisfied with her job and often feels the need to switch jobs. In the context of job design, this scenario best illustrates _____. a.) job enrichment b.) job enlargement c.) job rotation d.) job specialization

job specialization

If companies focus too much on local adaptation, they run the risk of _____. a.) using management procedures poorly suited to particular countries' markets, cultures, and employees b.) losing control over the quality of the product or service sold by the foreign licensee c.) losing the cost effectiveness and productivity that result from using standardized rules and procedures throughout the world d.) failing to benefit from an active global strategy

losing the cost effectiveness and productivity that result from using standardized rules and procedures throughout the world

Unlike authorization, authentication is _____. a.) foolproof and immune to data thefts b.) granting users approved access to data, software, and systems c.) making sure potential users are who they claim to be d.) only allowed to be done by the top-level management in an organization

making sure potential users are who they claim to be

At Troysten Inc., a construction company, Edwin's job responsibilities include monitoring the work carried out by the company's site engineers. He is also responsible for ensuring that all the engineers are provided with ample guidance and supervision so that they can perform all the assigned tasks to the best of their ability. In the given scenario, Edwin's job is related to _____. a.) production b.) accounting c.) sales d.) management

management

In the context of Porter's five industry forces, the threat of new entrants can be defined as a _____. a.) measure of the intensity of competitive behavior among companies in an industry b.) measure of the ease with which customers can find substitutes for an industry's products or services c.) measure of the degree to which barriers to entry make it easy or difficult for new companies to get started in an industry d.) measure of the influence that customers have on the firm's prices

measure of the degree to which barriers to entry make it easy or difficult for new companies to get started in an industry

A marketing team at Wident Inc. consists of six people. Ryan is the only team member who speaks for the entire duration in every team meeting and does not let other team members share their views. This work team is most likely experiencing _____. a.) structural accommodation b.) groupthink c.) synergy d.) minority domination

minority domination

Alivia owns a store that sells leather products made from mushroom caps. She cares for the environment and the welfare of animals. To run her business successfully, she employs people who think outside the box and wish to protect animals from exploitation. This is an example of _____. a.) concertive control b.) objective control c.) bureaucratic control d.) normative control

normative control

A local plumbing company installed global positioning satellite (GPS) tracking devices in all its trucks to ensure that employees were going on service calls and not running personal errands. This is an example of _____. a.) adaptive control b.) normative control c.) concertive control d.) objective control

objective control

A logistics company recently installed microchips in all its telephone sets to track and record calls made by its employees. The company did this to ensure that the employees were making only service calls and not personal calls. This is most likely an example of _____. a.) normative control b.) concertive control c.) objective control d.) bureaucratic control

objective control

A competitive advantage becomes a sustainable competitive advantage when _____. a.) market commonality is large, and companies have overlapping products or services b.) a company collaborates with its competitors to obtain a larger market share c.) a company uses a competitive move designed to reduce a rival's market share or profits d.) other companies cannot duplicate the value a firm is providing to customers

other companies cannot duplicate the value a firm is providing to customers

Because of perceptual filters, _____. a.) people organize and interpret what they pay attention to in the same manner b.) people attend to some stimuli and not others c.) people are unlikely to incorporate new knowledge that is consistent with what they already know d.) the beliefs of people do not influence the meaning they attach to new information

people attend to some stimuli and not others

People exposed to the same information will often disagree about what they saw or heard due to _____, a.) respondent conditioning b.) cognitive mapping c.) empathetic listening d.) perceptual filtering

perceptual filtering

Storage cost is the cost of _____. a.) transmitting information from one place to another b.) transforming raw data into meaningful information c.) obtaining data that an organization does not have d.) physically or electronically archiving information for later use

physically or electronically archiving information for later use

The government of Diamza recently passed a law making it mandatory for any foreign company that wants to do business in its country to only use raw materials made in Diamza and only hire citizens. For companies that want to conduct business in Diamza, this is a type of _____. a.) cost uncertainty b.) political uncertainty c.) policy uncertainty d.) control uncertainty

policy uncertainty

Flywater Inc. is refusing to expand its global operations into North Marland due to the civil wars that frequently occur in the country. This threat of civil wars in the country is an example of _____. a.) purchase uncertainty b.) policy uncertainty c.) political uncertainty d.) pandemic uncertainty

political uncertainty

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, people at the _____ of moral development make decisions that are based on selfish reasons. a.) preconventional level b.) unconventional level c.) conventional level d.) postconventional level

preconventional level

In the context of decision-making, a gap between a desired state and an existing state is known as a _____. a.) minimum threshold b.) problem c.) condition of certainty d.) benchmark

problem

Aisletton, an electronic gadgets manufacturer, organizes its workforce into various departments based on the service the department provides. These departments include cell phones, gaming consoles, television sets, cameras, and watches. In this scenario, Aisletton most likely follows _____. a.) functional departmentalization b.) geographic departmentalization c.) product departmentalization d.) customer departmentalization

product departmentalization

A team of engineers and architects has been formed to work on the construction of a bridge. The team will work together on-site till the construction of the bridge is complete. Thereafter, it will be dissolved. This team is an example of a(n) _____. a.) virtual team b.) project team c.) advisory team d.) self-designing team

project team

Cathlene runs a cake shop. Her primary goal is to set up the largest chain of cake shops in the city. Another goal of Cathlene's is to sell 400 cakes in December. In this scenario, Cathlene's goal of selling 400 cakes in December is an example of a _____. a.) passive goal b.) proximal goal c.) capstone goal d.) distal goal

proximal goal

Bill manages to complete every project he is involved in before its deadline. In the context of scientific management, Bill can be considered a(n) _____. a.) rate buster b.) soldier c.) bureaucrat d.) opinion leader

rate buster

Jane always finishes the work assigned to her before her team members. Her performance never dropped even when she was working on different projects with different teams. In the context of scientific management, Jane can be considered a(n) _____. a.) bureaucrat b.) soldier c.) opinion leader d.) rate buster

rate buster

Lenny finishes his work 30 percent faster than his coworkers. In the context of scientific management, Lenny is a(n)_____. a.) bureaucrat b.) rate buster c.) soldier d.) opinion leader

rate buster

The _____ is the decisional role that managers play when they decide who gets what supplies and in what amounts. a.) resource allocator role b.) disseminator role c.) disturbance handler role d.) monitor role

resource allocator role

Managers can use overt integrity tests to _____. a.) assess the ethical intensity of an issue b.) differentiate between the ethics of primary and secondary stakeholders c.) select and hire ethical employees d.) reinforce the ethical principle of individual rights

select and hire ethical employees

Edit Lab's copy editors can work at their own pace provided they make their submissions on time. This is a convenient setup for its employees because it uses _____. a.) normative control b.) behavior control c.) self-control d.) concertive control

self-control

Unlike spamming, phishing involves _____. a.) recording everything typed at the keyboard and intercepting keystrokes before password masking occurs b.) sending fake but real-looking emails and websites that trick users into sharing personal information c.) clogging and overloading email servers and inboxes with junk mail d.) tracing web usage and permitting the creation of personalized web pages that track behavior

sending fake but real-looking emails and websites that trick users into sharing personal information

A cushion of extra resources that can be used with options-based planning to adapt to unanticipated changes, problems, or opportunities defines _____. a.) secondary firms b.) standing plans c.) slack resources d.) strategic groups

slack resources

In the context of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, unlike cash cows, dogs have a _____. a.) small share of a fast-growing market b.) small share of a slow-growing market c.) large share of a fast-growing market d.) large share of a slow-growing market

small share of a slow-growing market

Jane and her team members started working overtime but worked slower and deliberately introduced errors in the work they were given. In the context of scientific management, this behavior of the workers is known as _____. a.) soldiering b.) accommodation c.) whistle-blowing d.) policing

soldiering

Amira, the chief operations officer of a company that manufactures baby products, formulates a plan on how the company's newly launched products will serve its wide customer base and how it will deal with its competitors. In this scenario, Amira has most likely contributed to developing the company's _____. a.) tactical plan b.) operational plan c.) single-use plan d.) strategic plan

strategic plan

In the context of organizational systems, _____ are smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system. a.) meta-systems b.) subsystems c.) transcendental systems d.) multi-agent systems

subsystems

Management by objectives is a management technique often used by middle managers to develop and carry out _____. a.) strategic plans b.) standing plans c.) tactical plans d.) operational plans

tactical plans

Social loafing occurs when _____. a.) workers develop healthy interpersonal relationships with other team members b.) team members feel intense pressure to not disagree with each other so that the team can approve a proposed solution c.) team members withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work d.) workers complete the assigned tasks and feel obligated to socialize with other team members

team members withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work

In the context of creation and maintenance of organizational cultures, a primary source of organizational culture is _____. a.) the company founder b.) a new customer c.) the board of directors d.) a new employee

the company founder

A firm can establish a sustainable competitive advantage over competitors if _____. a.) the firm has access to the same information technology as its competitors b.) the firm uses information technology to continuously improve the core functions of its business c.) the firm focuses solely on productivity rather than quality and service d.) there is a high potential for competing firms to create or buy the firm's information technology

the firm uses information technology to continuously improve the core functions of its business

Communication cost is the cost of _____. a.) obtaining data that an organization does not have b.) physically or electronically archiving information c.) transmitting information from one place to another d.) transforming raw data into meaningful information

transmitting information from one place to another

Zeto Bank requires its customers to provide their customer identification number, their respective passwords, and a one-time password that is sent via SMS to their registered cell phone numbers to access the bank's online banking services. It is evident that Zeto Bank has adopted _____. a.) three-step authentication b.) two-factor authorization c.) two-factor authentication d.) three-step authorization

two-factor authentication

According to Henri Fayol's principles of management, _____ advocates that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss to avoid confusion and conflict. a.) unity of command b.) centralization c.) remuneration d.) unity of direction

unity of command

Partially finished goods are also called _____. a.) work-in-process inventories b.) finished goods inventories c.) component parts inventories d.) raw material inventories

work-in-process inventories

Vegan Steaks had the best year ever, with sales of $4,500,000 and operating profit of $950,000. The previous year's operating profit was $900,000. They contributed their success to the purchase of a new machine. That machine was purchased for $20,000 the year before and cost Vegan Steaks $5,000 to operate. The balance sheet at the end of the year showed accumulated depreciation of $4,000. Calculate the ROI for the year. HINT: Depreciation (when you have it) is a gain as it lowers the tax liability of the business. Select one: a.) 150% b.) 14% c.) 16% d.) 13% e.) 170% f.) 180% g.) 120%

170%

In the context of organizational authority,which of the following is a difference between a line function and a staff function? a.) A line function can only be exercised by employees at the lower levels of the chain of command, whereas a staff function empowers employees at every level. b.) A line function contributes directly to selling a company's products, whereas a staff function does not contribute directly to selling a company's products but instead supports line activities. c.) A line function does not contribute directly to creating a company's products, whereas a staff function contributes directly to creating a company's products. d.) A line function includes accounting, human resources, or legal services, whereas a staff function includes activitiesthat take place within the manufacturing and marketing departments.

A line function contributes directly to selling a company's products, whereas a staff function does not contribute directly to selling a company's products but instead supports line activities.

Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward? a.) Afeeling of responsibility b.) A promotion to a higher position c.) Asense of accomplishment d.) Achance to learn something new

A promotion to a higher position