Prokaryote test questions

The internal pH of an acidophilic bacterium is most likely between? A. 2-4 B. 5-8 C. 9-12 D. 1-14

B. 5-8 Internal pH always remains neutral

Bacteria would typically contain a very high concentration of the enzyme RUBISCO in A. Thylakoids B. Carboxysomes C. Nucleoids D. S-layer E. Porins

B. Carboxysomes

Who is credited with the discovery of archaea as a separate domain of life? A. Carl Sagan B. Carl Woese C. Carl Yastrzemski D. Carl Lewis E. Carly Fiorina

B. Carl Woese

The majority of prokaryotes use which of the following as a source of energy? A. Electron acceptors B. Electron Donors C. Electron transport system D. H2O E. CO2

B. Electron Donnors electron acceptor- is a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound electron donor- chemical entity that donates electrons to another compound electron transport- chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.

The current view of the universal tree of life is one that is highly reticulated (networked) due to extensive A. Reduction evolution B. horizontal/lateral gene transfer C. vertical gene transfer D. Manipulation by some crazy scientist E. All of the above are correct

B. Horizontal/Lateral gene transfer

Which of the following is not a possible temperature range for growth of a single species of bacterium? A. 30-85 B. 30-40 C. 45-60 D. 85-100 E. all of the above are possible

A. 35- 85 too broad of a range

Which of the following is likely the most tolerant to oxygen? A. aerobic bacterium B. anaerobic bacterium C. facultative bacterium D. Microaerophilic bacterium E. Methanogen

A. Aerobic Bacterium facultative bacterium is tolerant to with or without oxygen

Where is cardiolipin typically found in bacteria? A. Cytoplasmic membrane B. Cell Wall C. S-layer D. Nucleoid E. Carboxysome

A. Cytoplasmic membrane

Which of the following is found in the cytoplasmic membrane of gram positive bacteria? A. Proteins B. NAM C. Lipopolysaccharides D. Beta (1,3) glycosidic bonds E. ether linked phospholipids

A. Proteins

In batch culture, reprogramming of cells to survive occurs during A. Stationary phase B. Log phase C. Lag Phase D. Death phase E. Protoplast phase

A. Stationary Phase

A bacterium that grows optimally at the PH of 7, but can still grow in an environment where the PH is 4 is most accurately called A. a neutraphile B. a barophile C. a mesophile D. an acidophile E. an alkalophile

A. a neutraphile barophile- thrives and lives under barometric pressure acidophile- organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions alkalophile- able to grow in alkaline concentrations as great as pH 10 to 11 mesophile- organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, typically between 20 and 45 °C

Where is teichoic acid typically located? A. associated with the peptidoglycan of the gram positive bacteria B. associated with the peptidoglycan of the gram negative bacteria C. associated with the cell wall of archaea D. associated with the S-layer of the gram positive bacteria E. all of the above

A. associated with the peptidoglycan of the gram positive bacteria

A strain of E. coli that is phenylalanine auxotroph would most likely Not be able to grow in which of the following types of media? A. Luria Bertani (LB) B. M9 minimal C. both A and B

B. M9 minimal auxotroph is the inability of an organism to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth on minimal it can't grow but LB will provide for the lack of nutrients

Bacteria growing by aerobic respiration would most likely use O2 A. as an electron donor B. as an electron acceptor C. as a carbon source D. as an energy source E. all of the above

B. as an electron acceptor

Which of the following is not a primary function of the cytoplasmic membrane of a bacterium? A. Selective permeability barrier B. Protection from turgor pressure C. Site of generation of the proton motive force (PMF) D. Serve as a protein anchor E. all of the above are functions of the cytoplasmic membrane

B. protection from turgor pressure this is a function of the cell wall

Which of the following would typically not be found in anaerobic bacteria? A. cytoplasmic membrane B. superoxide dismutase C. Glycine betaine D. FtsZ E. magnetosomes

B. superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase: an enzyme that alternately catalyzes the dismutation (or partitioning) of the superoxide (O2−) radical into either ordinary molecular oxygen (O2) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (must have oxygen)

If all other factors are equal, which of the below bacteria with different surface area (S) to Volume (v) ratios would most likely grow at the fastest rate? Bacterium A (S/V): .05 Bacterium B: 1.0 Bacterium C: 5.0 Bacterium D: 10.0

Bacterium D because increased surface area= increased rate of growth for bacteria

A bacterium that lacks MreB would most likely be A. dead B. Rod Shaped C. Coccus shaped D. non-motile E. peritrichous

C. Coccus shaped it would be rounded because the MreB is what makes it a rod shape (coil inside that has the ring of FtsZ)

Which of the following is a structure that is not found as part of a prokaryotic cell? A. Flagellum B. Pilus C. Nucleus D. Ribosome E. all of the above are part of a prokaryotic cell

C. Nucleus Prokaryotes are nucleus lacking

In an effort to maintain the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane as the temperature increases, the E. Coli would likely increase the amount of __________________ in the membrane. A. Ester-Linked lipids B. Ether-Linked Lipids C. Saturated Lipids D. Unsaturated Lipids E. Diglycerol tetra ether lipids

C. Saturated Lipids saturated lipids are solid at room temperature (straight and rigid) and unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature (kinked and fluid)

A prokaryote that produces H2 as a waster product during metabolism of glucose would most likely synthesize the majority of ATP by A. Proton Motive Force (PMF) B. phosphotransferase C. substrate level phosphorylation D. oxidative phosphorylation E. reversed ATP Synthase

C. Substrate Level Phosphorylation phosphotransferase- a category of enzymes that catalyze phosphorylation reactions ATP synthase is an important enzyme that creates the energy currency molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the most commonly used "energy currency" of cells from most organisms.

Which of the following enzymes/proteins would most likely be found in the periplasm of E. coli? A. FtsZ B. MreB C. Transpeptidase D. MinCDE E. All of the Above

C. Transpeptidase

Which of the following would most likely contain hopanoids? A. psychrophilic archaean B. mesophilic archaean C. hyperthermophilic bacterium D. hyperthermophilic archaean E. Both C and D

C. hyperthermophilic bacterium Unique to bacteria

Prokaryotic appendages that are important in facilitating attachment to surfaces are A. teichoic acid B. phospholipid C. pili D. peptidoglycan E. ethanolamine

C. pili

Methanosarcina thermopile, which is a thermophile, would most likely have the fastest growth rate at which of the following temperatures? A. 10 C B. 35 C C. 45 C D. 55 C E. 95 C

D. 55 C thermophiles thrive at relatively high temperatures of 45 to 80 degrees

Which of the following is incorrect about ATP in bacteria? A. Produced by oxidative phosphorylation B. Produced by substrate level phosphorylation C. consumption requires an electron acceptor D. Consumption requires H2O E. consumed during the transport of certain molecules into the cell

D. Consumption requires H2O Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to reform ATP. In most eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a type of metabolic reaction that results in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or guanosine diphosphate (GDP) from a phosphorylated reactive intermediate.

A bacterium that can colonize the human large intestine is most likely a A. Thermophile B. Aerobe C. Barophile D. Mesophile E. Halophile

D. Mesophile (Microorganisms)

which of the following would not typically be considered a virulence factor (component which impacts the ability to cause disease)? A. Capsule B. Pili C. Flagella D. S-layer E. All of the above

D. S-layer Slayer is a crystalline outer wall layer composed of proteins or glycoproteins (cell wall/defense/protection)

Which of the following is not true about prokaryotes? A. They define the limits of cellular life B. there are species with square shaped cells C. there are species that are non-pathogenic D. there are species with a nucleus E. B and D

D. There are species with a nucleus

Which of the following is NOT classified as a prokaryote? A. Methanogen B. E. Coli C. Cyanobacteria D. Zika Virus E. All of the above

D. Zika Virus

Using the provided reductional potential tower on the last page, which of the following oxidation reduction reactions would provide the most energy for a bacterium (reactions are not balanced)?

E. All three reactions would provide the same energy

In chemotaxis, when bacteria are in the presence of an attractant they swim by what is called a A. biased rotating curve B. S-layer Motion C. centrifugal rotating walk D. random walk E. Biased random walk

E. Biased Random Walk

A bacterium growing using H2 as an energy source would most likely contain which of the following? A. Oxidative TCA cycle B. Reductive TCA Cycle C. Branched TCA D. all of the above

D. all of the above TCA cycle- is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Reductive TCA cycle- is a sequence of chemical reactions that are used by some bacteria to produce carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

Which of the following is not involved in the process of binary fission by bacterial cell (growth)? A. septum formation B. DNA replication C. divisome complex formation D. a decrease in cell size/mass E. all of the above are involved in the process of binary fission

D. decrease in cell size/mass divisome complex- individual division proteins and how they assemble into the divisome comple

Which of the following would most likely contain a cytoplasmic membrane comprised of a monolayer? A. mesophilic bacterium B. Mesophilic archaean C. hyperthermophilic bacterium D. hyperthermophilic archaean E. psychrophilic archaean

D. hyperthermophilic archaean

Which of the following would most likely have the most rigid membrane (least fluid) at 37 degrees celsius? A. Psychrophilic bacterium B. mesophilic bacterium C. thermophilic bacterium D. hyperthermophilic bacterium E. all of the above would have the same membrane fluidity

D. hyperthermophilic bacterium (>80) Psychrophilic bacterium (<20) mesophilic bacterium(20-45) thermophilic bacterium(45-80)

Which of the following is incorrect about transpeptidase? A. is involved in synthesis of peptidoglycan B. is inhibited by penicillin C. Is found in the periplasm of E. Coli D. is cleaved by lysosomes E. is inhibited by vancomycin

D. is cleaved by lysosomes Lyzozymes cleave the Beta 1,4-glycosidic bonds between n-acetylglucosamine and n-acetylmuramic acid; this causes water to be able to enter the cell and cause lysis

Which of the following is incorrect about the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria? A. may contain saturated fatty acids B. may contain unsaturated fatty acids C. may contain proteins D. may contain porins E. may contain hopanoids

D. may contain porins hopanoids are unique to bacteria porins are not in the membrane they just pass through

Magnetotaxis by bacteria requires all the following expect? A. flagella B. membrane enclosed magnetite C. Proton Motive Force D. Oxygen E. Earth's magnet field

D. oxygen Magnetotaxis refers to the behavior of some motile, aquatic, bacteria in which they orient and migrate along magnetic field lines

Which of the following is incorrect the bacterial flagellum? A. May rotate counter clockwise B. may rotate clockwise C. required for chemotaxis D. required for twitching motility E. synthesized from protein

D. required for twitching motility Twitching motility: a type of bacterial movement on solid surfaces where a specific pilus extends and retracts

Which of the following can significantly affect the growth of bacteria? A. Osmolarity B. Temperature C. Oxygen D. Water activity E. All of the above

E. All of the Above

Which of the following would not be found in the cell envelope of mycoplasma bacteria? A. Diaminopimelic acid B. N-acetylmuramic Acid (NAM) C. Braun Lipoprotein D. Beta (1,4) glycosidic bonds E. All of the above

E. All of the above Mycoplasma is a gram (+) bacteria (lack a cell wall) and all of the answer choices only apply to the gram (-) bacteria (have a cell wall)

A capillary tube assay would typically be used to? A. determine if a bacterium is motile B. determine if a chemical is an attractant for a bacterium C. determine if a chemical is a repellent for a bacterium D. determine if a bacterium is tolerant to oxygen E. Both B and C

E. Both B and C

Which of the following is known to cleave the glycosidic bonds of pseudomurein? A. Transpeptidase B. Lysozymes C. Penicillin D. Vancomycin E. None of the above

E. None of the above Lyzozymes cleave the Beta 1,4-glycosidic bonds between n-acetylglucosamine and n-acetylmuramic acid; this causes water to be able to enter the cell and cause lysis

Which of the following types of prokaryotes have the capacity to carry out pH homeostasis? A. E. Coli B. acidophile C. alkalophile D. acid tolerant E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Bacterial rods that lack functional MinCDE will likely produce which of the following during growth? A. protoplasts B. spheroplasts C. cells that are same sized but spherical D. cells that are elongated/filaments E. cells that are smaller than normal

E. cells that are smaller than normal the MinCDE helps form the FtsZ and is concentrated in specific areas to help the division