Protein

Plants foods provide excellent sources of

dietary fiber. phytochemicals carbohydrates

In general, protein synthesis ____ during the recovery period following exercise.

increases

In Protein-Calorie malnutrition

infections often develop. death is common. physical and mental growth may be permanently retarded.

Alanine may be produced in the muscle tissue from the breakdown of other amino acids, most notably

leucine

Click and drag on elements in order Put the steps of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish.

1. partial protein digestion by the enzyme pepsin & stomach acid 2.enzymes released by the pancreas 3.protein to amino acids inside small intestinal cells 4. absorbed into portal vein and transported to the liver

The __ has concluded that protein requirements are higher in very active individuals. (Select all that apply.)

Dietitians of Canada American College of Sports Medicine Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Which of the following are true about complete protein sources? Select all that apply.

Most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein. Supplies all nine essential amino acids

_______ forms part of the ATP-PCr energy system that is important for rapid energy production.

Phosphate Creatine

Which of the following occurs when a person retains protein to adequately support growth and development?

Positive protein balance

Which nutrient is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and 16% nitrogen?

Protein

The essential amino acid that is in limited supply in a particular food is a(an)

limiting amino acid.

Metabolic roles of protein include ______.

maintenance of acid-base balance maintenance of water balance being used as an energy source

Additional dietary protein increases muscle ______ during resistance exercise.

mass hypertrophy strength

Creatine combines with phosphate to form _____ in the muscle.

phosphocreatine

Which of the following foods are among those that account for most food-related allergies?

Wheat Peanuts Milk Shellfish Egg

The effects of training in producing a positive nitrogen balance depends on an adequate dietary supply of

calories protein

Proteins ______ be formed from carbohydrates and fats

can

Protein should be consumed, preferably along with _____ both before and after a workout

carbohydrate

Protein deficiency may occur in individuals who are

chronic alcoholics. drug addicts. extreme food faddists.

At this time there is limited data to support a ergogenic effect of ______.

colostrum

The main benefit of using protein supplements is that

they provide additional protein to the diet.

Populations at risk of developing health problems after consumption of a high protein diet include

those predisposed to kidney disease. those prone to kidney stones. diabetics.

In order to excrete nitrogen from the body, the liver converts ammonia to ______ which then passes into the blood and is then cleared by the kidneys into the urine.

urea

Exercise has been shown to increase protein losses from the body via

urinary loss. protein oxidation. sweat loss.

Increased muscle _______ may provide the athlete with an edge in competitive events involving very high-intensity exercise performance.

creatine phosphocreatine

What is the RDA for protein for a healthy adult?

0.8 grams protein/kg body weight

The American College of Sports Medicine, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and Dietitians of Canada have agreed on a suggestion that endurance and resistance athletes consume ______ grams of dietary protein per kilogram of body weight

1.2 to 2.0

Approximately ______ grams of the total protein requirement for a healthy adult should consist of essential amino acids.

14-15

For the average adult, about ______% of the total protein requirement should consist of the essential amino acids

25

The quality of a protein is provided by its

abundance of essential amino acids. digestibility.

Symptoms of amino acid excess are ______ observed under usual dietary conditions.

almost never

What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?

amino acids

Protein supplements _______ necessary.

are not

In order to eliminate nitrogen from amino acids,the nitrogen must

be eventually converted into urea. first form ammonia in the liver.

Protein deficiency is a major worldwide nutritional problem and usually accompanies

calorie deficiency.

Because the human body does not have a mechanism to store amino acids, amino acids are broken down by the process of

deamination

The process whereby the amino group of an amino acid is removed is called

deamination.

The consumption of soy protein is associated with a (an)

decrease in total serum cholesterol. decrease in LDL cholesterol. increase in HDL cholesterol.

Nonessential amino acids are also called

dispensable amino acids.

The use of protein as an energy fuel is more prevalent

during aerobic exercise.

Amino acids can be metabolized to provide energy, but this only occurs

during calorie restriction

Increased muscle phosphocreatine and free creatine may ______.

enhance competitive performance enhance the potential of the ATP-PCr energy system permit more intensive training

Some major roles for protein in the body are ______.

enzyme function transport function hormone function

There are nine ______ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet.

essential

The alanine produced from leucine breakdown travels to the liver for eventual conversion into

glucose

The quality of a protein is an expression of its ability to provide nitrogen and amino acid requirements for cellular

growth, maintenance, repair

Increases in to total dietary protein do not appear to increase the risk for

heart disease. cancer.

Most plant proteins are examples of ______ proteins.

high-quality

A protein that contains all nine essential amino acids is a(n) ______ protein.

high-quality complete

Animal foods provide excellent sources of

high-quality protein. essential minerals

A major fate of amino acids is to build proteins such as

muscle tissue. enzymes

Additional protein has been recommended for endurance athletes because they may ______.

need protein to synthesize oxidative enzymes need protein to synthesize mitochondria utilize protein as an energy source during exercise

When energy intake is restricted following a resistance exercise workout, a(n) ________ can ensue.

negative loss

What must be present for the formation of amino acids from carbohydrates and fat?

nitrogen

A(n) _______ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body.

nonessential

Another term that describes a dispensable amino acid is

nonessential

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body?

nonessential

Additional dietary protein has been recommended for athletes that ______. Multiple select question.

play soccer play basketball play lacrosse

Exercise training produces a _______ nitrogen balance.

positive

When protein is consumed following resistance exercise, a ______ protein balance is achieved.

positive

A general dietary recommendation for athletes is to consume 15% or more of your daily energy as

protein

Although usually used for tissue synthesis and repair, ______ can be used to meet energy needs during calorie restriction.

protein

Amino acids are the building blocks of

protein

Which energy yielding nutrient is regarded as a minor source of fuel during rest?

protein

n general, during aereobic endurance exercise

protein breakdown increases. the rate of protein production is slower.

All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except

sodium

Where does the digestion of protein begin?

stomach

There is _____ evidence supporting a positive ergogenic effect of creatine supplementation in repetitive high -intensity exercise.

strong