PS 232 Final Exam Chapter 11

Which of the following is NOT an example of a gender schema?

A kind person would never hurt an animal.

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

All of the Above

Studies have shown that women seem to cry more than men. Which of the following is NOT a likely explanation for this difference:

Different functioning of the tear ducts in males versus females

Men generally are found to have more "dominant" personalities when dominance is defined as

aggression.

As a group, women have been found to be better than men at

all of the above

When it is found that men are less emotional than women, one possible explanation might be that

all of the above

Women's hormonal cycles have been said to be associated with

all of the above

The statement "there is substantial overlap between the distributions of male and female traits and behaviors" means that

although there may be group differences between males and females in traits and behaviors, there are lots of men that score higher than lots of women on "feminine" traits and behaviors, and vice versa.

The statement "men can't be faithful to just one woman it's not in their nature" implies

an evolutionary approach.

Research investigating the relationship between gender traits and psychological health suggest that it is most adaptive to

be androgenous.

According to the humanistic perspective, gender differences in personality will __________ as societies equalize opportunities for men and women.

become smaller

In Broverman's 1972 study of perceptions of men and women, it was found that

both men and women perceived masculine characteristics to be more desirable than feminine characteristics.

Maslow posited that a self-actualized person would have

both traditionally-feminine and traditionally-masculine characteristics.

Which of the following is NOT a traditionally feminine characteristic?

dominance

A non-parental rat received an injection and then began to exhibit maternal behavior. The injection could have been

either testosterone or blood from a female rat that recently gave birth.

Research by Whiting and Edwards suggest that across many different cultures

females are consistently more nurturant.

In general males are more aggressive than females, but females tend to be more aggressive than males when

females are protecting their young

A behaviorist view claims that gender differences in personality arise

from society

Andrea wants to be famous she works hard in her classes and gets straight A's; she attends workshops and conferences in her field and makes an effort to meet all the right people; during the summer she volunteers many hours at a research lab. She is sure that nothing will stand in her way. McClelland would say that Andrea is

high on achievement motivation.

A study that examines helping-behavior by placing people in an experimental situation where they must decide whether to take a risk and help a stranger in need will probably show that

men help more often than women do.

According to an evolutionary perspective

selfless devotion to an unhealthy infant may compromise a woman's reproductive success.

The influence of hormonal cycles on personality in women is

small.

If you are presented with two cages of rats (where each cage contains both males and females in equal numbers), and the rats in one cage seem much more aggressive and active, you might hypothesize that

the rats in this cage were prenatally exposed to extra androgen.

In ancient petroglyphs and hieroglyphs, men were usually portrayed as

warriors or hunters.

Looking across all perspectives of personality, differences between males and females most likely results from

Nature and nurture

Which of the following differences between men and woman has been found to be true?

None of the Above.

On average, boys tend to have better abilities than girls in

Spatial skills

Which of the following approaches would be most likely to predict that as societies give more equal rights and opportunities to women, personality differences between men and women would become smaller?

Humanistic perspective

Which theorist placed an emphasis on recognizing and incorporating both "maleness" and "femaleness" into healthy human development (that is, the concept of androgyny)?

Jung

Which of the following is true of the interactionist approach to behavior differences in males and females?

Males exhibit more instrumental behavior, females exhibit more expressive behavior.

__________ are more susceptible to diseases during childhood and __________ live longer.

Males; females

Which of the following male-female "differences" does NOT exist?

Females are more psychologically sensitive than are males.

The cognitive perspective of personality explains gender differences arise as a consequence of

Gender schema theory

According to the psychoanalytic view, personality differences associated with gender are due to

Girls and boys experiencing psychosexual stages of development differently