PSAD Quiz 2

- System Owners

- Information system's sponsors and chief advocates - Usually responsible for budgeting the money and time to develop and support information systems, and for the ultimate acceptance o0f the information system.

System Analyst

- One who systematically assesses the functioning of business by examining the input and processing of data, and the outputs of the information with the intent of improving organizational processes. - gathers and analyzes information about current systems and any new requirements for any new systems. He or she uses that information to plan modifications to existing systems or to design new systems.

- System Users

- People who use (and directly benefit from) the information system on a regular basis- capturing, validating, entering, responding to, and storing data and information.

System Designer

- Translates user's business requirement and constraints into technical solutions. - Design computer files, database, inputs, outputs, screen, networks and programs that will meet the system user's requirements - Also integrate technical solution back into the day-to-day business environment

System Builders

- construct multi-user information system based upon the design specifications.

- System Owners - System Users - System Designer - System Builders

CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE INVOLVED IN SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT.

1. Systems developed did not support business strategies and policies 2. Poor systems planning and inadequate project management 3. Negligence in estimating cost and benefit of the system project 4. Acquisition of computers and software that no one needs or knows to use 5. Installation of incompatible or inadequate technology 6. Negligence in implementing adequate controls 7. Development of unstructured, unmaintainable software 8. Inadequate implementation tasks 9. Failure to define or understand user requirements and get users involved in systems development 10. Creation of design defects and errors

CAUSES OF UNSUCCESSFUL SYSTEM

1. Transaction Processing (TPS), 2. Office Automation, 3. Knowledge Work, 4. Management Information, 5. Decision Support System, 6. Group Decision Support , 7. Comp Supported Collab Work 8. Enterprise Information System 9. Expert System 10. Enterprise Resource Planning System 11. System for Wireless and Handheld Devices

Types of Computer Based Information System CBIS

Hardware

consists of computer equipments used to perform input, processing, and output activities

Software

consists of programs and instructions given to the computer and to the user

CBIS

is an information system that is composed of hardware, software, databases, telecommunication, people and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and processed data into information.

EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS (EIS)

1. An information system that supports the planning and assessment needs of executive managers. 2. An information system that supports the planning and assessment needs of executive managers. 3. The information provided serves both management and the employees in Accounting.

Computer Supported Work

1. Intended for team collaboration via networked computers that uses a software called "groupware". 2. Computer-Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) is a multi-disciplinary research field that focuses on tools and techniques to support multiple people working on related tasks. 3. provides individuals and organizations with support for group cooperation and task orientation in distributed or networked settings.

SYSTEMS FOR WIRELESS AND HANDHELD DEVICES

1. Mostly used in Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) 2. Systems that can be used by users that integrate voice, video, and email into organizations intranet or industry extranet. 3. Wireless ecommerce - referred to as e-commerce (mobile commerce)

1. Diversity in backgrounds, skills and goals that comes from all different groups interested in the system 2. Tolerance diversity, uncertainty, ambiguity 3. Clear and complete communication 4. Trust

Characteristics of a systems development team

Hardware, Software, Database, Telecommunications, People, Procedures

Components of a Computer Based System

Management Information System

Definitions: 1. An information System that provides for management oriented reporting based on transaction processing and operations of the organization. 2. It provide periodic reports, special report and outputs of mathematical simulation that comes from transaction processing system. 3. is a general term for the computer systems in an enterprise that provide information about its business operations. 4. It's also used to refer to the people who manage these systems. Typically, in a large corporation, "MIS" or the "MIS department" refers to a central or centrally coordinated system of computer expertise and management, often including mainframe systems but also including by extension the corporation's entire network of computer resources.

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Definitions: 1. An information system that captures and processes data about business transaction, 2. It supports day-to-day activities of the business, 3. A type of information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves the data transactions of an enterprise, 4. offer enterprises the means to rapidly process transactions to ensure the smooth flow of data and the progression of processes throughout the enterprise.

GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

Definitions: 1. An interactive, computer-based system that facilitates solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision-makers working together as a group. It aids groups, especially groups of managers, in analyzing problem situations and in performing group decision making tasks. 2. Intended to bring a group together to solve a problem with the help of various supports such as polling, questionnaires, brainstorming, and scenario creation. 3. Helps middle managers and information workers collectively plan and decide important business issues.

Knowledge Work Systems

Definitions: 1. It supports professional workers or knowledge workers by aiding them in their effort to create new knowledge and by allowing them to contribute it to their organization or to the society at large. 2. Knowledge workers rely on traditional office systems but often require highly specialized knowledge work systems with powerful graphics, analytical tools, and communications and document management capabilities. 3. These systems require great computing power, access to external databases, easy to use interfaces, and optimization for the specific tasks to be performed.

Expert System

Definitions: 1. information system that can function as a consultant to a problem solver, not only to by suggesting to a solution but also by explaining the line of reassuring that leads to the solution as what a human expert can do. 2. branch of artificial intelligence and is also called knowledge-based systems.

Office Automation Systems

Definitions: 1. it support data workers, 2. It helps employee to create and share documents that support day to day office activities, 3. Solutions that can handle all the office updates, tasks, functions, information transfer and sharing etc more effectively and professionally than before. 4. It collects, stores and oversees these aspects of a business effectively without any errors.

Examples: 1. Clinical decision support system for medical diagnosis. 2. Bank loan Evaluator 3. Executive dashboard agricultural production, 4. Canadian National Railway system

Examples of Decision Support System

Examples: Highly interactive or conversational applications, IVR, voice server, chatterbot fault diagnosis, medical diagnosis decision support in complex systems, process control, interactive user guide educational and tutorial software logic simulation of machines or systems

Examples of Expert System

Examples: Electronic brainstorming E-voting to resolve the shop floor control problem. E-conferencing : Audio & Video

Examples of Group Decision Support System

1. Enterprise systems, also known as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems 2. Supply chain management (SCM) systems 3. Customer relationship management (CRM) systems 4. Knowledge management system (KMS)

Examples of MIS

Examples: 1. Order management, 2. File map utility, 3. Asset management system, 4. Account consolidation application, 5. Word processors, 6. spreadsheets, 7. databases, 8. accounting packages, 9. networks and email

Examples of Office Automation Systems

Examples: 1. Airline Reservation, 2. Payroll Processing, 3. Transport Ticket Reservation, 4. Purchase Order Entry,

Examples of Transaction Processing System

Decision Support System

Examples: 1. An information system that either helps to identify and choose option or decision making opportunities or provides information to help make decision. 2. These are a specific class of computerized information system that supports business and organizational decision-making activities. 3. intended to help decision makers compile useful information from raw data, documents, personal knowledge, and/or business models to identify and solve problems and make decisions.

1. ESS, GDSS, CSCWS 2. ES, DSS, MIS 3. Knowledge Work, Office Auto. 4. TPS

Hierarchy of IS

Examples: 1. CAD/CAM systems: Computer aided design (CAD) 2. Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) systems 3. Virtual reality systems 4. Investment workstations

Knowledge Work Systems

a. word processing b. communication c. spreadsheet d. desktop publishing e. electronic scheduling

Office Automation Applications

- Bachelors degree in computer science, information science, accounting, statistics or business. - Experienced programmer Training in systems analysis and design. - Experience or training in business systems. - Effective verbal and written communication skills. - Experience or training in management skills.

Qualifications of a System Analyst

a. Define problems to be solve b. Define opportunities to be exploited c. List down requirements to be fulfilled d. State business constraints to be e. imposed by or for the information system

ROLES OF SYSTEM USERS

As a consultant As a supporting expert As a change agent

Roles of a System Analyst

a. CLERICAL WORKERS b. TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL STAFF c. SUPERIOR d. MIDDLE MANAGERS e. EXECUTIVE MANAGER

TYPES OF SYSTEM USER

Communication, Collaboration, Coordination, and Control

The Four basic areas of concern of Computer Supported Work.

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEM

The integration of many information systems existing on different management levels within the different functions.

- Stressing user involvement in systems development - Implementing planning and the use of project management techniques - Develop alternatives for system design for evaluation before making majors commitments to final design, technology, and software development - Designing all system design components functionally - Use of detailed functional design as guide for software design, and testing - Prepare clear, complete, and current documentation - Using coordinated, planned approach to systems implementation - Performance of post-implementation reviews - Design and perform systems maintenance

WAYS TO HAVE SUCCESSFUL SYSTEMS

Telecommunications

allows organization to link computer systems together into effective networks

Database

an organized collection of facts and information

People

any person involved in information systems development including information systems personnel that manages, run, program, and maintain computer systems. any person that benefits in the use of the information system (users)

Procedures

includes strategies, policies, methods, and rules that human use to operate the CBIS

Data Workers

workers that do not usually create data or new knowledge but rather analyze information in order to transform data or manipulate it in some way before sharing it with, or formally disseminating it throughout the organization and, sometimes, beyond.