PSS 350 Final Review
45. Which of the following is NOT considered an inappropriate phrase a counselor may make? a. "Let me tell you what I would do" b. "Why" questions c. "I know how you feel" d. "How are you feeling today"
"How are you feeling today"
According to BT, bad behavior is a result of:
Bad learning
What type of therapy is based on the scientific method?
Behavior Therapy
14. Who is considered to be the founding father of analytic psychology? a. Carl Jung b. Sigmund Freud c. Aaron Beck d. Alfred Adler
Carl Jung
Who is associated with transactional analysis?
Eric Berne
Which theorist believed that people might express internal desires or wishes disguised in humor and jokes?
Freud
143. Rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) helps the client learn a. To interpret their own subconscious b. To change maladaptive behaviors c. How to dispute irrational and illogical thoughts d. Overcome obstacles in life
How to dispute irrational and illogical thoughts
What did Freud believe served as a reservoir of energy to the other two systems?
ID
Who is associated with cognitive behavior modification?
Meichenbaum
93. What term is used to classify people by shared genetic history or physical characteristics? a. Race b. Culture c. Ethnicity d. Diversity
Race
According to Jung, what is man's animal instinct?
The shadow
What is it called when a client is projecting their thoughts and feelings?
Transferance
Who is associated with Reality Therapy?
William Glasser
According to Lynn & Garske, about how many different approaches to counseling are there?
130
35. Online counselors have ethical and legal mandates to ensure that minors are eligible to receive counseling services. According to Nystul, what percentage of online counselors did not obtain the age and date of birth of clients? a. 25% b. 95% c. 57% d. 13%
57%
88. According to Norcross, Prochaska, and Gallagher (1989), what percent of counselors studied considered themselves to be eclectic? a. 64% b. 96% c. 14% d. 5%
64%
Who is known for his work with depression?
Aaron Beck
Which is not considered to be a cause of an inferiority complex? Organic Spoiling Neglecting Abuse
Abuse
What does ACT stand for in terms of therapy modalities?
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
What does ACT stand for in terms of the response to F.E.A.R.?
Accepting one's own inner experiences for what they are Choosing directions in life based on core values Taking action in accordance with one's own values
85. What type of research occurs in the actual setting in which the problem exists and involves a collaborative effort with the participants who benefit directly from the research? a. Problem-solving research b. Action research c. Survey study d. Correlational study
Action research
150. In rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) the A-B-C-D-E acronym stands for a. Activating, belief, consequence, dispute, and effect b. Action, behavior, consequence, discourage, and evaluate c. Alternative, behavior, clarify, diagnosis, and effectiveness d. Action, belief, clarify, discourage, and evaluate ,
Activating, belief, consequence, dispute, and effect
Who is associated with self efficacy?
Albert Bandura
Who is associated with social cognitive learning?
Albert Bandura
Who is associated with Rational Emotive Therapy?
Albert Ellis
Who is associated with the irrational belief system?
Albert Ellis
7. Who is considered the founding father of individual psychology? a. Sigmund Freud b. Aaron Beck c. Alfred Adler d. Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Which theorist believed that a person's lifestyle is about overcoming inferiority?
Alfred Adler
Who is associated with birth order?
Alfred Adler
Who is associated with the creative self?
Alfred Adler
Who is associated with the inferiority complex?
Alfred Adler
Who was the founding father of individual psychology?
Alfred Adler
60. What type of reliability refers to administering equivalent forms to the individual on separate occasions? a. Test-retest b. Split-half c. Alternate forms d. Concurrent
Alternate forms
19. All of the following are accrediting bodies setting standards for graduate programs, except a. American Counseling Association. b. American Psychological Association. c. American Association of Parents. d. Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. ,
American Association of Parents.
84. Which of the below is NOT true about qualitative research methods? a. Data collection can include interviews and observations. b. Analysis is on explanation instead of description. c. Purpose is to develop an understanding of the human experience. d. Researcher takes an active role in the research process.
Analysis is on explanation instead of description.
What is stress inocculation especially helpful in treating?
Anxiety
153. Which cognitive distortion is described as drawing a conclusion without supportive evidence? a. Arbitrary inference b. Overgeneralization c. Magnification d. Dichotomous thinking
Arbitrary inference
13. What factor is NOT listed by Nystul as one of the 14 personality characteristics of an effective counselor? a. Self-aware b. Encouraging c. Assertiveness d. Non-judgmental
Assertiveness
89. Which model of "integration" utilizes various aspects of other theories while grounding it in a centralized theory? a. Theoretical integration b. Assimilative integration c. Association integration d. Eclectic integration
Assimilative integration
What type of therapy was in response to the psychodynamic approach?
Behavior therapy
128. The existential concepts of "freedom and responsibility" are interrelated with which two other concepts? a. Meaning and non-meaning b. Existential anxiety and neurotic anxiety c. Being and nonbeing d. Transcendence and non-transcendence
Being and nonbeing
How can clients be taught through stress inocculation training to cope with stressful situations?
By modifying their self statements
99. Which classic theorist identified symbolism in dreams to interpret the collective unconscious? a. Alfred Adler b. Sigmund Freud c. Carl Jung d. Stanley Hall
Carl Jung
Who is associated with archetypes?
Carl Jung
Who is associated with the anima, animus, and shadow?
Carl Jung
Who is associated with the belief that humans inherited experiences of prehumans?
Carl Jung
Who is associated with the conscious, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious?
Carl Jung
Who is associated with the persona?
Carl Jung
Who is associated with the symbolism of dreams and interpreting the collective unconscious?
Carl Jung
Who was the founding father of analytical psychology?
Carl Jung
Who is associated with Client Centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
Who is associated with unconditional positive regard?
Carl Rogers
Who was one of the main founders of the Humanistic approach?
Carl Rogers
What thought distortion is associated with expecting the worst, no matter what?
Catastophizing
133. In bibliotherapy what is the concept that describes the client being able self-disclose and release emotions upon reading of others shared problems? a. Identification b. Universalizing c. Catharsis d. Insight
Catharsis
20. What is the term used to recognize the competence of practitioners by authorizing them to use the title adopted by the profession? a. Diploma b. Certification c. Degree d. Continuing education
Certification
141. Which three theories are at the roots of behavioral theory? a. Operant conditioning, psychodynamic, and humanistic b. Humanistic, existential, and phenomenological c. Psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, and existential d. Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning
26. Who "owns" privilege of communication in the counseling setting? a. No one b. Client c. Judge d. Counselor
Client
27. Which item is NOT considered a legal exception to violating confidentiality? a. Counselor believes a client under the age of 16 is being abused. b. Client is in danger of hurting another. c. Client is in danger of hurting himself. d. Client terminates counseling out of anger.
Client terminates counseling out of anger
91. According to Raskin, Rogers, and Witty (2014), what factor holds the highest percentage accountable for the counseling outcome? a. Client's expectations b. Counseling relationship c. Client variables d. Counseling techniques
Client variables
What type of therapy is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our feelings?
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
What type of therapy insinuates that the way that we think determines our behavior. Change the thought, the behavior will follow.
Cognitive therapy
114. According to Jung, what is the term used to describe memory traces inherited from one's ancestral past? a. Collective unconscious b. Self c. Unconscious d. Ego
Collective unconscious
158. In transactional analysis (TA) the ego states are assessed for one of the following three conditions, ______, ______, ______. a. Comparable, stable, unstable b. Congruent, incongruent, absent c. Conflictual, compliant, agreeable d. Complementary, crosses, ulterior ,
Complementary, crosses, ulterior
55. What type of validity measures how similar a test is to another measure purporting to measure the same thing? a. Construct validity b. Content validity c. Concurrent validity d. Predictive validity
Concurrent validity
109. What psychoanalytic technique involves the counselor providing feedback to help the client become more aware of his or her inner conflicts? a. Free association b. Dream analysis c. Interpretation d. Confrontation
Confrontation
58. What type of validity pertains to test items covering specific concepts of interest? a. Predictive validity b. Criterion validity c. Construct validity d. Content validity
Content validity
83. An addictions counselor is interested in exploring the possible relationship between substance abuse and interpersonal relations. It is likely that she is using a _____ methodology. a. survey b. correlation c. experimental d. longitudinal
Correlation
What is counseling?
Counseling is a dynamic process involving a professionally trained counselor who assists a client with particular concerns. Through a variety of strategies, the counselor seeks to assist the client in bringing about beneficial changes.
44. According to Gladstein, which is NOT an identified stage to empathy? a. Counselor has an emotional reaction to client's situation. b. Client feels a sense of caring and understanding from the counselor. c. Counselor attempts to understand the client's situation. d. Counselor refrains from expressing empathy.
Counselor refrains from expressing empathy
67. Which is NOT listed as a benefit to diagnosing? a. Can communicate information about etiology b. Suggests treatment possibilities c. Creates a label and stigma d. Allows communication among clinicians
Creates a label and stigma
157. Which cognitive therapy technique involves having the client making observations to obtain a more realistic understanding of other people's reactions? a. Decatastrophizing b. Reattribution technique c. Redefining d. Decentering
Decentering
130. According to existential therapy techniques which technique focuses on strengths instead of on weaknesses? a. Paradoxical intention b. Dereflection c. Empathy d. Self-transcendence ,
Dereflection
65. What factor is NOT assessed in the mental status exam? a. Developmental history b. Appearance c. Mood d. Cognitive functioning
Developmental history
75. What element in Lazarus' BASIC I.D. model covers the biophysiological states? a. Affect b. Behavior c. Interpersonal relations d. Drugs
Drugs
What does the 'E' stand for in ABCDE?
Effective
152. Rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) uses techniques across which three areas? a. Behavioral, cognitive, and social b. Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral c. Environmental, internal, and intrapersonal d. Cognitive, behavioral, and environmental ,
Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral
Which is being used when the counselor attempts to understand the client from the client's internal frame of reference? a. Empathic understanding b. Transference c. Congruence d. Unconditional positive regard
Empathetic Understanding
127. Which gestalt counseling technique involves the client role-playing as another person to gain perspective? a. Personal pronoun b. Now I'm aware c. Empty chair d. Assuming responsibility
Empty chair
38. In regard to listening skills, what is it called when the counselor makes brief prompts for the client to continue? a. Paraphrasing b. Encouragers c. Summary d. Reflection
Encouragers
92. What term is used to define "shared sociocultural heritage"? a. Minority b. Ethnicity c. Race d. Diversity
Ethnicity
What does EPPP stand for?
Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology
What type of therapy is dereflection associated with?
Existential Therapy
What type of counseling is associated with Self-transcendence?
Experiential Counseling
80. What type of research method can determine causality? a. Correlational b. Experimental c. Survey d. Longitudinal
Experimental
What type of therapy is associated with facing fears by weakening the negative associations one has regarding a particular stimulus. Pairing a perceived negative stimulus with nothing, no negative outcome.
Exposure therapy
71. The counselor may notice the client display facial grimaces; this falls under what type of observation? a. Facial expressions b. Kinesics c. Proxemics d. Eye contact
Facial expressions
136. Empathy is the key technique in gestalt therapy. a. True b. False
False
137. According to existential theory all forms of anxiety are healthy because they teach us something about ourselves. a. True b. False
False
160. Cognitive-behavioral counseling is not concerned with the etiology of dysfunctional thoughts. a. True b. False
False
162. Feminist Therapy evolved from the Women's Liberation Movement. Due to the inequality and unfairness of being in a male dominated world throughout the years a primary theme of Feminist Therapy is to be anti-male. a. True b. False
False
30. Dual relationships are never acceptable. a. True b. False
False
37. A licensed counselor cannot utilize third-party insurance to help clients pay for counseling services. a. True b. False
False
43. An example of congruence in a counselor is when he says "I'm glad to see you" when a client arrives for an appointment even though the counselor does not like the client. a. True b. False
False
48. "Tell me something positive that happened today" is NOT considered an open-ended question. a. True b. False
False
53. Brief counseling approaches have not been found to be efficient in scientific studies. a. True b. False
False
54. The DSM-5 has been revised to include a multi-axial system for assessing client functioning along a variety of areas. a. True b. False
False
66. Language and speech of the client are not concepts assessed by the counselor during a mental status exam. a. True b. False
False
72. Counselor's observations are not considered objective and therefore, should not be used in a formal assessment. a. True b. False
False
81. One shortcoming of traditional counseling research stated by Nystul, is that there are not enough cases to explore. a. True b. False
False
116. Defense mechanisms are called upon consciously when an individual is stressed. a. True b. False
False - they are called upon unconsciously
145. Which cognitive-behavioral theory focuses on marginalization and social advocacy? a. Reality therapy b. Transactional analysis c. Rational-emotive d. Feminist therapy
Feminist therapy
Ability to abstractly complete an incomplete triangle
Figure and Ground
148. A counselor is using systematic desensitization to treat a woman with severe phobia of snakes. Which is not a step in the process? a. Deep Relaxation b. Flood the client with the feared object c. Develop a hierarchy of the fear d. Address the fear in vivo
Flood the client with the feared object
34. Why are online counselors obligated to obtain clients' contact information? a. To find a local therapist b. To verify that the client is who he or she says to be c. For billing purposes d. For emergencies and duty to warn
For emergencies and duty to warn
107. What psychoanalytic technique involves having the client talk about whatever comes to his or her mind without censorship? a. Free association b. Dream analysis c. Interpretation d. Confrontation
Free association
Who emphasizes the "here and now"?
Frits Perls - Gestalt Psychology
121. Who was the founding father of "gestalt" theory? a. Carl Rogers b. Fritz Perls c. Victor Frankl d. Rollo May
Fritz Perls
Who is the father of Gestalt psychology?
Fritz Perls
What is a conditioned response that is evoked by a SIMILAR stimulus as the conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
What is associated with 2 chair/empty chair?
Gestalt
What type of psychology is associated with boundaries?
Gestalt Therapy
31. What is typically NOT an item included on a "professional disclosure statement"? a. Limits to confidentiality b. Graduate training program c. Theoretical orientation d. Type of license
Graduate training program
33. What diversity elements are not specifically addressed in the ACA and APA code of ethics? a. Health status b. Age c. Ethnicity d. Spirituality
Health status
138. One of the main goals of cognitive-behavioral counseling is to a. Help clients understand the consequences to their behavior b. Help clients understand how thoughts impact behavior c. Assist clients in understanding the unconscious drives to their behavior d. Interpret the underlying meaning of client behavior
Help clients understand how thoughts impact behavior
119. Experiential theories maintain a (an)_________ orientation. a. Dynamic b. Analytic c. Humanistic d. Behavioral
Humanistic
101. According to Freud's personality structures which is the structure operating when one eats a piece of chocolate cake despite being on a diet? a. Ego b. Superego c. Id d. Libido
Id
147. Assertiveness training involves which four steps according to Wolpe (1958, 1973)? a. Confronting issue, waiting for response, maintaining one's stand, exiting situation b. Identifying need, realizing how increased assertiveness can help, practicing, then feedback c. Ignoring others' behaviors, deep breathing, telling oneself to remain calm, and walking away d. Start conflict, make your position clear, listen to other's position, then compromise
Identifying need, realizing how increased assertiveness can help, practicing, then feedback
What are the four types of counseling?
Individual Couples Family Group
125. In client-centered counseling, clients are discouraged from looking to others for a sense of direction. This is known as a. Self-trust b. Internal source of evaluation c. Open to experience d. Willingness to continue growing
Internal source of evaluation
108. What psychoanalytic technique consists of providing insight to the client regarding inner conflicts? a. Free association b. Dream analysis c. Interpretation d. Confrontation
Interpretation
What is the three stage model of learning?
Introduction Support Learning
49. What factor is considered to be part of the "art" in couseling? a. Involves listening and communicating with the client b. Includes the use of theory c. Uses standardized tests d. Utilizes research
Involves listening and communicating with the client
105. What stage of psychosexual development is a stage of dormancy? a. Oral stage b. Anal stage c. Phallic stage d. Latency stage
Latency stage
140. Behavioral therapy maintains that maladaptive behaviors are primarily the result of a. Past traumas b. Underlying drives c. Learning d. Impulses
Learning
21. What entity can issue legal sanctions to a professional counselor? a. Graduate program b. Certification officer c. License board d. Accrediting body
License board
What is the goal of cognitive therapy?
Logical thinking
154. Which cognitive distortion is described as viewing something out of proportion? a. Arbitrary inference b. Overgeneralization c. Magnification d. Dichotomous thinking
Magnification
6. In most states, you would need credential(s) to become a mental health counselor? a. A certificate from an accredited university b. Master's degree in counseling or related field and most states require licensure c. A bachelor's degree in a psychology-related field d. A PsyD or PhD in psychology
Master's degree in counseling or related field and most states require licensure
70. What is it called when tests measure different attributes than intended when used with ethnic minorities? a. Inequitable social consequences b. Measurement of different constructs c. Inappropriate standardization samples d. Differential predictive validity
Measurement of different constructs
What is it called when a client focuses only on the negative?
Mental Filtering
96. According to Sue et al. (2007) what is the term used to describe a verbal racial statement? a. Microinfliction b. Microinsult c. Microassault d. Microinvalidation ,
Microassault
What type of microaggression is associated with purposeful discriminatory comments, such as racial epithets that are intended to demean.
Microassault
What are the three types of microaggressions?
Microassault Microinsult Microinvalidation
If a female is ignored by her male professor in regards to her gender, what is this offense called?
Microinsult
What type of microaggression is associated with rude or insensitive comments that minorities hear frequently, and demeans a person's racial heritage or identity.
Microinsult
What type of microaggression is associated with comments that negate or nullify people of color's experiences of racism.
Microinvalidation
What type of therapy is known as the "third wave"?
Mindfulness therapy
118. In experiential counseling, a counselor may use "self-transcendence" to . a. Gain empathy b. Move beyond empathy to experience client's emotions c. Protect oneself from experiencing the pain of the client d. Guard against counter-transference
Move beyond empathy to experience client's emotions
94. According to Pedersen (1991) _____ consists of identifying the impact of culture on the counseling process. a. Diversity b. Cross-cultural counseling c. Multicultural counseling d. Social justice
Multicultural counseling
10. What trend in counseling advocates overcoming oppression? a. Positive psychology b. Managed mental health services c. Evidence-based psychology d. Multicultural counseling
Multicultural counselling
87. What type of research method involves the researcher becoming emerged in the setting of the participant? a. Correlation b. Survey c. Naturalistic-ethnographic d. Representative case
Naturalistic-ethnographic
155. Which are the three elements involved in the "cognitive triad of depression"? a. Negative view of others, the world, and the future b. Positive view of the world and others, but not the self c. Negative view of self, the world, and the future d. Positive view of self, the world, and the future ,
Negative view of self, the world, and the future
1. What is NOT an identified outcome of counseling? a. Promoting decision making b. Enhancing coping skills c. Offering advice that solves problems d. Facilitating behavioral change
Offering advice that solves problems
Regarding birth order, who would be most likely to experience the most difficulty engaging in peer relationships?
Only child
139. Cognitive-behavioral counseling mainly focuses on a. Overt and measurable behavior b. Underlying drives c. Dreams and wishes d. The subconscious
Overt and measurable behavior
129. According to existential therapy techniques, which technique encourages a client to have the symptoms of concern? a. Paradoxical intention b. Dereflection c. Empathy d. Self-transcendence
Paradoxical intention
42. What primary listening skill involves taking points made by the client and rewording it? a. Reflecting b. Encouragers c. Open-ended questioning d. Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing
What are the three ego states associated with TA?
Parent Adult Child
What type of therapy is associated with self-actualization?
Person Centered Therapy
120. Which experiential approach does not use specific techniques but requires the use of listening skills to communicate empathic understanding and to establish other core conditions? a. Person-Centered b. Gestalt c. Existential d. Behavioral
Person-Centered
What type of therapy is associated with problems between the real self and the ideal self?
Person-centered therapy
3. According to Brammer 2002, what are the two factors when added together create "growth-facilitating conditions" in the counseling setting"? a. Personality of the helper and helping skills b. Helping skills and growth-facilitating conditions c. Personality of the helper and specific outcomes d. Growth-facilitating conditions and specific outcomes
Personality of the helper and helping skills
97. According to the Optimal Theory Applied to Identity Development model an individual that feels devalued by others may react angrily toward the dominant group while also enveloping oneself in the culture of the minority. He or she is likely in what phase of identity development? a. Phase 0: Absence of conscious awareness b. Phase 1: Individuation c. Phase 2: Dissonance d. Phase 3: Immersion ,
Phase 3: Immersion
110. Which of Adler's theoretical tenets strives to obtain a sense of the client's internal frame of reference? a. Teleological movement b. Interpersonal perspective c. The psychology use d. Phenomenological psychology
Phenomenological psychology
69. What is an advantage of nonstandardized tests? a. Provides specific information about a client relative to a norm group b. Contains information on reliability c. Contains information on validity d. Provides an individual approach
Provides an individual approach
16. What are the licensure and degree requirements to be a clinical or counseling psychologist? a. PsyD, PhD, or EdD and licensure or certification b. A master's degree or doctorate degree c. PsyD in counseling psychology d. A bachelor's degree in psychology and a related master's degree ,
PsyD, PhD, or EdD and licensure or certification
9. What type of helping professional is able to prescribe medication as needed? a. Psychiatric nurse b. Psychologist c. Mental health counselor d. Psychiatrist
Psychiatrist
144. Which cognitive-behavioral theory focuses on client successes and failures emphasizes one's responsibility, and avoids labels? a. Reality therapy b. Transactional analysis c. Rational-emotive d. Feminist therapy
Reality therapy
156. Which cognitive therapy technique encourages challenging thoughts and assumptions by exploring other possible causes of events? a. Decatastrophizing b. Reattribution technique c. Redefining d. Decentering
Reattribution technique
159. According to transactional analysis (TA) and the concept "strokes", the main basis for human relations is for a. Recognition b. Support c. Attachment d. Bonding
Recognition
22. Ethically what is the necessary step to take when a client is not benefiting from counseling service? a. Take a few weeks off from sessions b. Increase the number of sessions c. Try a new theoretical approach d. Refer client to another counselor
Refer client to another counselor
151. Which is the cognitive technique used in rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) that redefines a negative situation into a more positive perspective? a. Reframing b. Referencing c. Restructuring d. Revising
Reframing
What is redefining a negative situation to a more positive perspective?
Reframing
What is conceptualizing problems from a more holistic perspective instead of a fragmented perspective?
Refrenting
102. What defense mechanism is being employed when an adult is upset and tantrums then rocks himself to sleep? a. Repression b. Projection c. Regression d. Reaction formation
Regression
What are the six stages of the counseling process?
Relationship Building Assessment & Diagnosis Formation of Counseling Goals Intervention & Problem-Solving Termination & Follow-up Research & Evaluation
39. What is the first stage of the counseling process? a. Relationship building b. Assessment and diagnosis c. Formulation of counseling goals d. Research and evaluation
Relationship building
79. What item is NOT considered a step in a single-subject design? a. Repeating treatment b. Defining problem c. Graphing results d. Identifying behavior
Repeating treatment
77. What are the factors used to communicate counselor accountability? a. Theory and research b. Theory and practice c. Research and evaluation d. Evaluation and practice
Research and evaluation
11. Which profession is NOT included in a typical multidisciplinary team? a. Psychiatric nurse b. Psychologist c. Social worker d. School principal
School principle
126. According to gestalt theory, "health" requires that one have a. Experimentation b. Relational focus c. Self-regulation d. Uniqueness
Self-regulation
131. What is the term used by Frankl (1963) to describe the process of moving beyond the self allowing the therapist to go beyond the limit of him- or herself and directly experience the client's inner world of pain or joy? a. Selflessness b. Understanding c. Empathy d. Self-transcendence ,
Self-transcendence
What is it called when you move beyond empathy to experience the client's emotions?
Self-transcendence
What is the reinforcement of successive approximations of the target behavior?
Shaping
100. The goal of counseling being "to resolve intrapsychic conflicts and restructure personality" was posited by which classic theorist? a. Alfred Adler b. Sigmund Freud c. Carl Jung d. Stanley Hall
Sigmund Freud
Who is associated with psychodynamic psychotherapy?
Sigmund Freud
Who is associated with these three levels of consciousness? Preconscious Conscious Unconscious
Sigmund Freud
Who theorized the concept of being "stuck" in developmental stages?
Sigmund Freud
Who was the founding father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
111. According to Adler, what force is considered a major motivating factor? a. Lifestyle b. Holistic psychology c. Social interests d. Striving for significance ,
Social interests
5. Which item is NOT listed as one of the forms of cybercounseling? a. Web-telephony b. Social media c. E-mail d. Chatroom
Social media
74. What areas need to be collected when assessing a client's history? a. Work and family history but not symptoms b. Only the medical history for client and family c. Social, familial, occupational functioning along with symptom history d. History of symptom frequency and intensity only
Social, familial, occupational functioning along with symptom history
146. Which cognitive-behavioral modification technique focuses on teaching the client ways to cope with stressful situations and on enhancing their performance by modifying their self-statements? a. Thought stopping b. Self-instructional therapy c. Stress-inoculation d. Relaxation training
Stress-inoculation
Which of the three stages in the Sequential Model of Common Factors is associated with a strong therapist-client relationship?
Support stage
What therapy method is associated with pairing a feared object with a new response?
Systematic Desensitization
Which therapy method involves constructing an anxiety hierarchy, then working through the hierarchy until phobia is decreased/eliminated?
Systematic Desensitization
Which type of Eclecticism is associated with the utilization of techniques from different approaches to create a unique approach with no binding theoretical understanding?
Technical Eclecticism
What do the following steps represent? Self Assessment Survey of Supportive Disciplines Overview of Major Counseling Theories Intensive Study of One Theory Sensitive to Individual Differences Integrations of Techniques from Different Theories Implementation and Evaluation Research and Evaluation
The Eight-Stage Model for developing a Personal Approach
4. Which item listed below does not differentiate formal from informal helpers? a. The age of the individual b. Level of training c. Counselors are guided by the ACA code of ethics d. Degree of objectivity
The age of the individual
15. "Self-acceptance" as a personal characteristic of an effective counselor means a. The counselor's discrepancy between the real self and the ideal self is not so great as to cause undue anxiety. b. The counselor accepts self as fully developed. c. The counselor is overfocused on development to arrive at the point of self-acceptance d. The counselor is resolved to the fact that he or she needs to continue to develop his or her self as it would deflect from the client.
The counselor's discrepancy between the real self and the ideal self is not so great as to cause undue anxiety.
113. What are the four factors Jung used to differentiate personality? a. Thinking feeling, sensation and intuition b. Introvert, thinking, experiencing and action c. Feeling, sensing, behaving and emoting d. Sensing, feeling, intuition and judgment
Thinking, feeling, sensation and intuition
142. A technique used in cognitive therapy consists of: a. Bibliotherapy b. Self-control c. Thought monitoring d. Relaxation training
Thought monitoring
What is the primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy?
To make the unconscious, conscious. The unseen, seen. Help the client gain insight.
149. Which behavioral technique issues rewards for desired behaviors? a. Relaxation training b. Thought stopping c. Systematic desensitization d. Token economy
Token economy
Which method constitues that family interaction patterns are the best means of understanding oneself and others?
Transactional Analysis
What was Freud's most important focus of therapy?
Transference
115. Freud utilized self-analysis in the development of his theories. a. True b. False
True
117. Adler maintained that with the arrival of a second child the first-born child feels "dethroned" as he or she has to share the parent's attention. a. True b. False
True
12. An emotionally unstable counselor will likely do more harm than good for his or her client. a. True b. False
True
134. According to the existential point of view all emotions and experiences, even anxiety, can be instructive. a. True b. False
True
135. In person-centered therapy counseling does not attempt to resolve the client's presenting problem rather it assists the client in the growth process to become fully functioning individuals. a. True b. False
True
161. Cognitive-behavioral counseling focuses on overt and measurable behavior. a. True b. False
True
18. Postmodernism is based on theoretical perspectives such as constructivism and social constructionism. a. True b. False
True
24. It is not considered ethical or legal to "abandon" clients who no longer have the financial means for counseling. a. True b. False
True
29. Continuing education is needed to maintain a license and/or certification in counseling. a. True b. False
True
41. A counselor that states "that makes you angry" to a client after she has just complained about her boss is using a reflection of feeling statement. a. True b. False
True
52. A counselor should avoid "parroting" as much as possible as it only communicates that the client was heard, but not necessarily understood. a. True b. False
True
57. During a mental status exam a client's current functioning is assessed in six areas. a. True b. False
True
62. The DSM-5 categories are sequenced from a life span-developmental perspective. a. True b. False
True
76. It is important to assess a client's sleeping patterns and appetite to determine how they may be affected by psychological symptoms. a. True b. False
True
8. "Storied lives" is a notion that people base their lives off of stories they hear and tell about themselves. a. True b. False
True
82. In qualitative research methods results are analyzed for description instead of explanation. a. True b. False
True
CBT is brief and time-limited
True
122. According to Rogers which is the most fundamental concept in the counseling process? a. Listening b. Faith c. Understanding d. Trust
Trust
123. Rogers believed is essential for the counselor to communicate a sense of acceptance and respect to the client. a. Empathy b. Understanding c. Congruence d. Unconditional positive regard
Unconditional positive regard
40. What is the term used to indicate the counselor's acceptance of the client and the client's value? a. Congruence b. Respect c. Empathy d. Unconditional positive regard
Unconditional positive regard
What are the characteristics required of a therapist? (11)
Understanding Empathy Acceptance Warmth Genuineness Openness Honesty Non-judgemental Listener Engaging Sensitivity
132. Which is not listed as a type of Creative Arts Therapy (CAT)? a. Music b. Dance c. Writing d. Drama
Writing
98. The degree to which one has adjusted and assimilated to the mainstream culture is known as a. integration. b. internalization. c. acculturation. d. promoting decision making.
acculturation
63. The Multicultural Assessment Procedure enables us to: a. create challenges based on cultural differences. b. conduct culture-free assessment. c. address challenges associated with multicultural assessment. d. identify cultural differences.
address challenges associated with multicultural assessment
112. According to Jung, symbols in dreams are known as: a. personal unconscious. b. self. c. ego. d. archetypes.
archetypes.
23. A professional license in counseling is a. obtained once course work is completed b. achieved after 30 hours of continuing education. c. authorized by state legislation d. earned from a graduate program.
authorized by state legislation
17. The Vocational Guidance Movement led to an increase in a. the number of individuals with mental health concerns entering the job market. b. call for cognitive assessment to hire the smartest individuals. c. job opportunities for recent graduates. d. career counselling.
career counselling
46. During "stage 1" of the counseling process, the counselor may help the client hone in on specific concerns. This is known as a. confrontation. b. self-disclosure. c. rapport. d. concreteness. ,
concreteness
36. Most certification and licensing bodies require___________to maintain credentials. a. attendance at an institute for advanced training b. co-counseling c. continuing education d. supervision
continuing education
25. The need for "informed consent" pertains to the client's right to a. pay for counseling services or not. b. have access to the counselor at all hours to inform counselor. c. change the theoretical orientation of the counseling. d. decide whether to participate in counseling or not.
decide whether to participate in counseling or not
51. Effective listening serves all of the following benefits EXCEPT: a. helps counselor get into client's phenomenological experience. b. enables the client to express him or herself freely. c. distracts the counselor from his or her own concerns. d. provides focus on the client.
distracts the counselor from his or her own concerns.
28. In regard to a sexual relationship with a previous client, APA ethical code mandates that it a. is only acceptable if at least two years have passed since end of counseling and no sexual exploitation is proven. b. is acceptable as long as the client was not receiving counseling for sexual concerns. c. is acceptable as long as the client is not planning on returning to counseling with the same therapist d. never occurs.
e. is only acceptable if at least two years have passed since end of counseling and no sexual exploitation is proven
47. According to Rogers (1957) core conditions for counseling include: a. empathy, positive approaches, and congruence. b. unconditional positive regard and incongruence. c. understanding, positive responses, and congruence. d. empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence.
empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence.
106. The use of transference in psychoanalysis is a. discouraged. b. encouraged. c. not discouraged but avoided. d. not encouraged, but acknowledged when present.
encouraged
59. One disadvantage noted about standardized tests is that they often result in: a. poor norms. b. Labeling. c. incorrect results. d. lack of information validity and reliability.
labeling
73. The main difference between standardized and non-standardized tests is that standardized tests have a. instructions. b. control group. c. self-administration. d. norms.
norms.
56. A "projective" personality assessment a. is biased. b. is often misinterpreted by the counselor. c. provides no benefit to the counseling setting. d. often minimizes the need for language, making them good in multicultural settings.
often minimizes the need for language, making them good in multicultural settings.
104. "Projection" occurs when a. one forgets salient events. b. an obstacle is put in one's way. c. one throws an object at another. d. one attributes their unpleasant feelings unto another.
one attributes their unpleasant feelings unto another
61. Aptitude tests measure a. one's potential personality. b. knowledge of previously learned material. c. behavioral functioning. d. one's potential in a given area.
one's potential in a given area.
2. The process of self-transcendence can enable the client to: a. obtain advice from the counsellor. b. overcome feelings of aloneness. c. understand the counselor's experiences. d. offer insight in to global issues.
overcome feelings of aloneness
103. A mugging victim was able to report all details leading up to the attack but nothing about the attack or the assailant. It is likely that the victim is using the ______ defense mechanism. a. repression b. regression c. projection d. reaction formation ,
repression
68. The DSM-5 is a. sequenced from a life span-developmental perspective. b. ordered by neurological evidence. c. sequenced by severity. d. randomly ordered by symptoms.
sequenced from a life span-developmental perspective.
95. One's set of behavior, attitudes, and lifestyle associated with choosing a sexual partner is known as a. sexual orientation b. gender Identity. c. heterosexual. d. homosexual.
sexual orientation
50. When a counselor informs the client of the counseling role and process, a _______ secondary skill is being used. a. rapport b. structure c. normalizing d. probing ,
structure
78. A counselor is interested in collecting opinions of a large sample of previous clients. He sends an electronic questionnaire to 300 of his clients within the past five years. This method is referred to as a. action research. b. problem-solving research. c. survey study. d. correlational study.
survey study.
90. Central to the "theoretical integration" approach is a. integrative psychotherapy grounded in a central theory. b. borrowing of techniques from other theories. c. technology is often utilized. d. synthesis of two or more theoretical approaches.
synthesis of two or more theoretical approaches
32. In regard to ethical standards and dual relationships, a counselor must a. contact the Ethics Board to report. b. avoid them at all times. c. take caution to ensure they do not cause conflict. d. let the client decide to stay in the dual relationship or not.
take caution to ensure they do not cause conflict.
What is the persona?
the aspect of someone's character that is presented to or perceived by others
64. Test "norms" refer to: a. what the client normally scores. b. the reliability of the client's score. c. the comparison group for which test was developed. d. how the highest scoring individual in the population would respond.
the comparison group for which test was developed.
86. If using a correlational research methodology a researcher is likely looking for a. the differences between two groups. b. the effect of a treatment condition. c. the results of an experiment. d. the possible relationship among two variables
the possible relationship among two variables
Everything in counseling centers on:
the therapeutic alliance