PSY 100 - Ch. 14

Simon is a 28-year-old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes ______, medication that was originally used to treat epilepsy.

Depakote

Who touched off the debate about psychotherapy's effectiveness when he summarized 24 studies of psychotherapy outcomes?

Eysenck

aversive conditioning

associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as:

free association.

Delores has been in therapy for two years, but her last session is today. If you ask her next month how effective her psychotherapy was, she is likely to:

overestimate its effectiveness.

To help Tom reduce his fear of flying, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is taking off in an airplane. The therapist's technique BEST illustrates:

systematic desensitization.

behavior therapies

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Todd is attracted to his therapist. His attraction reflects the feelings he had toward his mother when he was a young boy in the midst of the Oedipal conflict. Todd's experience illustrates:

transference

biomedical therapy

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology.

token economy

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats.

systematic desensitization

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Bree Ann's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support. The therapist's approach BEST illustrates:

cognitive-behavioral therapy

antianxiety drugs

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.

antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. (Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors—SSRIs.)

antipsychotic drugs

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders.

active listening

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' person-centered therapy.

As a parent, you are skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When you arrive at the psychologist's office, you ask what the empirically supported treatment for bed-wetting is because your 6-year-old son has been having difficulties. You learn that _____ therapy is the empirically supported treatment.

behavior modification or conditioning

exposure therapies

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginary or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid.

Which psychoanalytic concept is defined correctly?

transference, the association with the analyst of emotions involved in other relationships in the client's life

Psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Dr. Wagner works in a large hospital. She specializes in treating adolescents with eating disorders. She prescribes antidepressants and, occasionally, antianxiety medication for some of her patients. Based on this information, Dr. Wagner is a:

psychiatrist.

Psychoanalysis

(1) Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. (2) Freud's therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the analyst's interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

_____ regard is a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Unconditional positive

_____ progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

Virtual reality exposure therapy

therapeutic alliance

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem.

unconditional positive regard

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help people develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

virtual reality exposure therapy

a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

person-centered therapy (Also called client-centered therapy.)

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth.

Today patients are very rarely treated using _____, a psychosurgical procedure in which the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain are cut.

a lobotomy

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).

lobotomy

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.

Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what Nancy says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is MOST likely:

client-centered.

Ashley has a master's degree. Based on this information alone, Ashley cannot be a:

clinical psychologist.

Helping people manage the tension between acceptance and change is at the heart of a newer type of therapy called _____ therapy.

dialectical behavior

Conversion therapy is:

harmful

Dr. Barlow states that most people want to become better human beings and that today's problems are more important than the experiences of the past. Dr. Barlow's beliefs are MOST consistent with _____ therapy.

humanistic

interpretation

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Resistance

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

transferring feelings

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).

Angelina is suffering from depression. Once a week she sees a therapist and, with the therapist's help, she has begun to explore her past experiences and how they might have contributed to her depression. In addition, Angelina's therapist has Angelina begin to adopt new ways of thinking about the current events in her life. Angelina's therapist is MOST likely using:

psychotherapy

During her weekly therapy sessions, Sabrina often abruptly shifts the focus of her attention and loses her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

resistance

Electroconvulsive therapy, deep-brain stimulation, and the use of antidepressants are all forms of _____ therapy.

biomedical

In its introduction to biomedical therapy, the text describes therapeutic lifestyle change. Because therapeutic lifestyle change includes components aimed at improving the body's physical health, reducing negative thinking, and increasing meaningful social engagement, it BEST reflects a _____ approach to treating psychological disorders.

biopsychosocial

psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.

Winnie feels a close emotional bond with her therapist. She trusts her therapist, and she believes that her therapist truly understands her. Winnie's feelings BEST reflect:

therapeutic alliance

insight therapies

therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses.

psychodynamic therapists

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight.

cognitive therapies

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.