psy 13-16

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time?

a feeling that ones' life has meaning and value

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

fugue

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Adderall

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

The saying is "Money can buy happiness," but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

About _______ percent of those who seek treatment for a substance use problem tend to relapse and return to using drugs or alcohol after a period of abstinence.

40 to 60

In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites.

Hispanic and African American

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which concept describes traits that are fundamental to one's personal identity (e.g., skin color and hair texture) that an employer cannot use to discriminate in hiring job applicants?

immutable characteristic

Of the following substances or substance groups, which is the only one where illicit use patterns are higher in those between 12 and 17 years old than those who are 18 to 25 years of age?

inhalants

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.

a token economy

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

anger/hostility

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

involuntary

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

job strain

Isolation, a lack of job security, work overload, harassment, and bullying are all examples of factors that can lead to ________.

job stress

In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for?

knowledge, skills, abilities

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; threat

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Roscoe suffers from cocaine use disorder as well as bipolar disorder. The fact that he has two psychiatric diagnoses at once would make his a ________ situation.

comorbid

A psychological disorder is a ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

depressing central nervous system activity

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 1 - exhaustion

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

dopamine and serotonin

In Medieval times, what would be the most likely form of treatment for someone suffering the symptoms of a psychological illness?

exorcism

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. Group of answer choices

free association

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________.

manic episodes

Which term describes a form of informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee?

mentoring

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder.

narcissistic

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.

safety behaviors

According to Edwin Locke, job ________ is the state of feeling resulting from appraising one's job experiences, and a more modern definition includes the extent to which a person enjoys their job.

satisfaction

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms?

severe depressive symptoms

What is the most common reason for invoking a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) as a defense against an employer accused of discrimination?

sex

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

social support

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?

strategic

The amount of time a client spends in psychotherapy is determined by the client's needs as well as his or her ________.

personal goals

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

play therapy

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

psychiatric hospitals

According to research, what kind of job interview is most successful at predicting a candidate's later successful job performance?

structured interviews

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

thoughts affect actions

Carlos is a small business owner. Recently, he became the primary caretaker for his aging mother. He works long hours at his business while also making sure that his mother can keep her medical appointments and has company in the evening. This exemplifies ________.

work-family balance

An organizational psychologist studies such topics as ________.

worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

Which of the following exemplifies a worker-oriented approach to job analysis?

works well under pressure and in group situations

How long does traditional psychoanalysis typically take?

years

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

confidentiality

Design teams for car manufacturers create new vehicle models. What type of team does this exemplify?

creative

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Eustress

Which important legislation protected employees against discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

The 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

manic

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Dr. Kaplan is working with a Japanese-American client, and regards the client's silence as an indication that he is not happy to be in therapy. He fails to consider that his client has learned that authority figures should be shown deference and that his silence is a sign of respect. Dr. Kaplan is demonstrating ________.

poor cultural competence

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

positive psychology

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

Dr. Piccolo is working with a family and determines that the parents do not make rules together and often contradict each other. This leads to confusion among the children who act out because they don't understand what is expected of them in the home. She helps them to get "on the same page" with regard to each family member's place in the home and helps the parents work on their own relationship as co-parents. This is called ________ family therapy.

structural

_______ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

Anxiety

What did the researchers, who identified the Hawthorne effect, see as evidence that employee performance was influenced by something other than the physical work conditions?

Any change in a variable, such as lighting levels, led to an improvement in productivity; this was true even when the change was negative, such as a return to poor lighting.

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

What does research suggest about gender diversity and team productivity?

Gender-balanced teams performed better, as measured by sales and profits, than predominantly male teams.

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

Which of the following is true regarding the accuracy and reliability of a job analysis?

It can depend on the nature of the descriptions and the source for the job analysis.

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of strengths-based management?

Managers neglect improving their weaknesses and overusing their strengths.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

Rosetta is a master electrician. Often, she is the only woman at the construction site. Her male coworkers frequently make sexual comments about her appearance and tape explicit pictures of women up at the worksite. She complains to the site manager, but he tells her to toughen up. What form of sexual harassment does this represent?

Rosetta is a master electrician. Often, she is the only woman at the construction site. Her male coworkers frequently make sexual comments about her appearance and tape explicit pictures of women up at the worksite. She complains to the site manager, but he tells her to toughen up. What form of sexual harassment does this represent?

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

What has research found to be the primary difference between male and female leadership style?

Women tend to practice an interpersonal style and men practice a task-oriented style.

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

avoidant personality disorder

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

Christine and Susan have been together for 3 years and are thinking about getting married. Lately all they seem to do is fight, as they have trouble communicating over the slightest issue. Both are unhappy and are each thinking that they may need to call off the wedding. They go to see a(n) ________ therapist who might help them work through these communication issues and to help them build collaborative problem-solving strategies.

couples

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for ________.

enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

What is the favored term for human factors psychology in Europe?

ergonomics

Managers at S-Mart routinely expect their employees to volunteer hours at the local veteran's center. The organization supports this practice since it shows commitment, empathy, and compassion, all things that S-Mart endorses as part of its company mission. This represents the ________ aspect of organizational culture.

espoused values

A particular benefit of ________ therapy is the possibility of decreasing a client's sense of shame and isolation about the problem they face, while also letting them offer support to others.

group

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

hassles

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

orbitofrontal cortex

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

posttraumatic stress disorder

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem-focused

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a hierarchy of stimuli related to her phobia. Which form of therapy is she using?

systematic desensitization

A police or FBI SWAT team handling a hostage situation exemplifies a ________ team.

tactical

Melora has a sick child at home. Her employer allows her to ________ for a week, so she can work from home, set her own hours, and complete most of her work while caring for her child.

telecommute

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy.

What is meant by the term etiology?

the caused the disease

In the African American community, what has been found to play a significant role as an alternate source of support to mental health services?

the church

Which of the following choices is an emphasis of humanistic approaches to psychotherapy?

the client's present and future

What is comorbidity?

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

the death of a spouse

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

95

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

biological

Among older Korean Americans, approximately 14% polled felt that having a mentally ill family member would

bring shame to the family.

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

bsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

buying a new home

Hershel is a strict, goal-oriented manager. When his team achieves their daily productivity goals he rewards them with long lunches and bonus pay. When his team falls behind, he extends the work day by an hour and cuts lunch by fifteen minutes. What type of leader is Hershel?

transactional

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

transcendental meditation

Lucia is optimistic about goal achievement, and she encourages her team to think critically and solve problems. She is also considerate of their needs. What type of leader is Lucia?

transformational