Psy 201 Memory

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what are the five mnemonic devices

-story board - method of loci - peg word - keyword

how much information can be stored in short term memory

5 to 9 bits of information

how much do we forget after 48 hours?

60%

how much do we forget after 30 days?

80%

relearning memory

Demonstrated by time saved when learning material a second time

who founded rote memory

Ebbinghaus

implicit memory

Memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously

serial position effect

The tendency to remember the first and the last items in a list

negative transfer

When experience hinders learning in a new situation

method of loci mnemonic device

associating a memory with a location

recognition memory

being able to identify the answer after it is jogged by hints or clues

two ways to organize material to improve your memory...

chunking, hierarchies

mass practice

cramming

story board mnemonic device

creating a story with the things you need to remember

spacing effect

distributed practice will have better long term retention

source amnesia

faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined

working memory

focuses on conscious active processing of information

example of relearning memory

going over the lesson 30 min after class after every class, when it comes time to study the material will all be review

short-term memory

holds few items for a short amount of time but then is forgettoned or stored

two types of sensory memory

iconic and echoic

misinformation effect

incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event

what are retrieval cues?

jogging your memory through, priming, context effects, mood congruent memory, and states specific memory

two benefits of self testing

knowing the information, being able to answer and comprehend it so that you can relay it to others

explicit memory

memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"

Rote memory

memory through repetition

what ways are memories reconstructed?

misinformation, source amnesia

example of recognition memory

multiple choice

recall memory

must retrieve information from your brain without any clues

chunking

organizing items into familiar, manageable units

hierarchies

outlines reflected by meaning and organization

long-term memory

permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

Three ways to test memory?

recall, recognition, relearning

context effects

remerging what you learned based on where you learned it

motivated forgetting

repression of memories usually to avoid dealing with traumatic experiences

effortful processing

seconding that requires attention and conscious effort

what is an example of recall testing?

short answer questions

echoic

sounds

example of proactive interference

teacher has learnt so many names in the past that she has trouble remembering her current class

example of retroactive interference

teacher learned so many new names this year, she has trouble remembering the names of the students last year

priming

the activation of something that is associated with a memory

savings

the amount of time you saved learning material again

retroactive interference

the backward-acting where you remember the new but forget the old information

proactive interference

the forward-acting where you forget new information but remember old information

retrieval

the process of getting information out of memory storage

encoding

the processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning.

storage

the retention of encoded information over time

mood-congruent memory

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current mood

automatic processing

unconscious encoding of incidental information

key word method mnemonic device

used when learning a forgien language and uses how the word sounds and associating it with the meaning duck--> pato--> sounds like pot--> imaging a duck in a pot

peg word mnemonic device

uses visual imagery skills- one is a bun; two is a shoe; three is a tree these are the peg words. once you can just count peg words, bun, shoe, tree then associate them with the items on your list

ichonic memory

visual

positive transfer

when old information helps the learning of new information


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