Psy 201 Memory
what are the five mnemonic devices
-story board - method of loci - peg word - keyword
how much information can be stored in short term memory
5 to 9 bits of information
how much do we forget after 48 hours?
60%
how much do we forget after 30 days?
80%
relearning memory
Demonstrated by time saved when learning material a second time
who founded rote memory
Ebbinghaus
implicit memory
Memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously
serial position effect
The tendency to remember the first and the last items in a list
negative transfer
When experience hinders learning in a new situation
method of loci mnemonic device
associating a memory with a location
recognition memory
being able to identify the answer after it is jogged by hints or clues
two ways to organize material to improve your memory...
chunking, hierarchies
mass practice
cramming
story board mnemonic device
creating a story with the things you need to remember
spacing effect
distributed practice will have better long term retention
source amnesia
faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined
working memory
focuses on conscious active processing of information
example of relearning memory
going over the lesson 30 min after class after every class, when it comes time to study the material will all be review
short-term memory
holds few items for a short amount of time but then is forgettoned or stored
two types of sensory memory
iconic and echoic
misinformation effect
incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
what are retrieval cues?
jogging your memory through, priming, context effects, mood congruent memory, and states specific memory
two benefits of self testing
knowing the information, being able to answer and comprehend it so that you can relay it to others
explicit memory
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"
Rote memory
memory through repetition
what ways are memories reconstructed?
misinformation, source amnesia
example of recognition memory
multiple choice
recall memory
must retrieve information from your brain without any clues
chunking
organizing items into familiar, manageable units
hierarchies
outlines reflected by meaning and organization
long-term memory
permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
Three ways to test memory?
recall, recognition, relearning
context effects
remerging what you learned based on where you learned it
motivated forgetting
repression of memories usually to avoid dealing with traumatic experiences
effortful processing
seconding that requires attention and conscious effort
what is an example of recall testing?
short answer questions
echoic
sounds
example of proactive interference
teacher has learnt so many names in the past that she has trouble remembering her current class
example of retroactive interference
teacher learned so many new names this year, she has trouble remembering the names of the students last year
priming
the activation of something that is associated with a memory
savings
the amount of time you saved learning material again
retroactive interference
the backward-acting where you remember the new but forget the old information
proactive interference
the forward-acting where you forget new information but remember old information
retrieval
the process of getting information out of memory storage
encoding
the processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning.
storage
the retention of encoded information over time
mood-congruent memory
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current mood
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of incidental information
key word method mnemonic device
used when learning a forgien language and uses how the word sounds and associating it with the meaning duck--> pato--> sounds like pot--> imaging a duck in a pot
peg word mnemonic device
uses visual imagery skills- one is a bun; two is a shoe; three is a tree these are the peg words. once you can just count peg words, bun, shoe, tree then associate them with the items on your list
ichonic memory
visual
positive transfer
when old information helps the learning of new information