PSY 210 Final

Coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least casually acquainted.

Date or Acquaintance Rape

SG The first stage of dying

Denial

Kubler-Ross fourth stage of dying in which the dying person comes to accept the certainty of her or his death. A period of depression or preparatory grief may appear

Depression

SG Define learning disabilities

Describes a child who has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language, and the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing and spelling. A learning disability also may involve difficulty in doing mathematics. To be classified as a learning disability, the learning problem is not primarily the result of visual, hearing or motor disabilities; mental retardation; emotional disorders; or due to environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantages.

Quiz _____ occurs at an above-average rate among Latinos

Diabetes

Concentrating on more than one activity at the same time.

Divided attention

SG Define self-concept

Domain-specific evaluations of the self

A model of coping with bereavement that emphasizes oscillation between two dimensions (1) loss-oriented stressors, and (2) restoration-oriented stressors.

Dual process model

Quiz A model of coping with bereavement that emphasizes oscillation between loss-oriented stressors and restoration oriented stressors.

Dual process model

SG KNOW and UNDERSTAND Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development Stage Five - Identity versus Role Confusion (13 to 21 years)

During adolescence, an individual is expected to develop his or her sexual identity. This is gained through the discovery of oneself and in the course of finding meaning to their personhood. The individual may also experience identity crisis as a result of the transition from childhood to adulthood. Some adolescents may feel confused and are unsure whether an activity is age-appropriate for them. Crisis at this stage may also be brought about by expectations from themselves and from people around them, e.g. their parents.

Quiz According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages of development do individuals experience in late adulthood?

Integrity vs. despair

SG Define Temperament

Involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding. In early adulthood, most individuals show fewer emotional mood swings than they did in adolescence, and they become more responsible and engage in less risk-taking behavior.

Model in which individuals go through life embedded in a personal network of individuals to whom they give and from whom they receive support.

convoy model of social relations

SG The leading cause of death in adolescence

Unintentional injuries, homicide and suicide are the top 3 leading causes of death in adolescence

Quiz Which of the following is NOT one of the steps toward a more creative life as identified by Csikszentmihalyi?

Wake up in the morning without a specific goal to look forward to

Quiz _____, which is closely linked to short-term memory, is like a place for doing mental jobs and allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

Working memory

Inflammation of the joints that is accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems; this disease is especially common in older adults.

arthritis

Quiz John Horn maintains that in middle adulthood, _____ intelligence continues to increase

crystallized

Quiz Though controversial, it is indicated that self-esteem:

decline in adolescent girls.

A global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning.

dementia

Quiz Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to be:

depressed, become alcoholic, and/or have an eating disorder

Quiz In a recent study, both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and _____ are important aspects of becoming an adult

developing emotional control

Quiz The type of grief which describes an individual's grief involving a deceased person whose loss cannot be openly mourned

disenfranchised grief

Quiz With age

both brain weight and brain volume decrease

A thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted.

cataracts

Leonard Hayflick's theory that the maximum number of times that human cells can divide is about 75 to 80. As we age, our cells have less capacity to divide.

cellular clock theory

Quiz The Family Matters program was designed to help families of adolescents to reduce the amount of:

cigarette and alcohol use

The "hardware" of the mind, reflecting the neurophysiological architecture of the brain. Cognitive mechanics involve he speed and accuracy of the processes involving sensory input, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison, and categorization.

cognitive mechanics

Quiz As discussed in Chapter 10, which of the stages Erik Erikson identified, is the most important issue to be negotiated in adolescence

comfortably lose oneself in another person

Service learning is linked to many positive outcomes for adolescents.

community

An explanation of why individuals are attracted to people who are similar to them. Our own attitudes and behavior are supported and validated when someone else's attitudes and behavior are similar to our own.

consensual validation

SG Define HDL

high-density lipoprotein - is often referred to as the "good" cholesterol because when it is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessoned

Quiz The _____ is involved in memory

hippocampus

Quiz Germaine has signed an advance directive. This means that:

his physician can disconnect him from life-sustaining equipment

Quiz In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is

holding a permanent, full-time job

The theory that aging in the body's hormonal system can decrease resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease.

hormonal stress theory

The pleasant times after work when individuals are free to pursue activities and interests of their own choosing.

leisure

Quiz Middle-aged Americans agree that a major component of their well-being involves

positive relationships

The type of care emphasized in a hospice, which involves reducing pain and suffering and helping individual's die with dignity.

palliative care

The withholding of available treatments, such as life-sustaining devices, in order to allow a person to die.

passive euthanasia

Quiz Sexual harassment is a manifestation of

power of one person over another

Quiz The double disadvantage suffered by ethnic minority adolescents consists of:

prejudice and poverty

Remembering to do something in the future

prospective memory

Quiz Puberty refers to a period of:

rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence.

Quiz The term _____ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant to the task at hand while ignoring others that are irrelevant.

selective attention

Quiz Zack is having a conversation with his friend Ben in a crowded room. Despite the presence of many voices around him, Zack focuses on what Ben is saying. This is an example of _____.

selective

Focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant.

selective attention

The timetable according to which individual's are expected to accomplish life's task, such as getting married, having kids, or establishing themselves in a career.

social clock

Quiz Kastenbaum proposes that the death system serves certain functions in a culture. Which of the following is NOT one of those functions?

social consolidation before death

Quiz The concept of _____ emphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills.

"use it or lose it"

SG Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Stage 4 Formal Operational Stage

(12 plus) Can think about abstract problems about hypothetical situations

SG Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Stage 2 Pre-operational Stage

(2 - 7 years) Learns to use language and symbols, and understands reversibility. Thinking is still egocentric; animate thinking; irreversibility

SG Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Stage 3 Concrete operational stage

(2 - 7 years) Learns to use language and symbols, and understands reversibility. Thinking is still egocentric; animate thinking; irreversibility

SG Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Stage 1 Sensorimotor stage

(Birth to 2 years) Infants learn through their senses -- touching, tasting and hearing. Lack object permanence

Quiz The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately _____ years of age

18 to 25

Quiz Early-onset antisocial behavior is defined as antisocial behavior before the age of _____

11

SG Know the age that marks middle adulthood

40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age

Quiz About _____ percent of individuals with bulimia nervosa eventually recover from their disorders.

70

Quiz Today the average life expectancy in the United States is

78

SG The average life expectancy

78

SG What is service learning?

A form of education that promotes social responsibility and services to the community. Adolescents engage in activities such as tutoring, helping older adults, working in a hospital, assisting at a child care center, or cleaning up a vacant lot to make a play area. An important goal is adolescents become less self-centered and more strongly motivated to help others. Has been linked to positive benefits for adolescents such as higher grades, increased goal setting, and improved self-esteem.

SG Crowds

A larger group structure than a clique and is usually formed based on reputation; members may or may not spend much time together

SG Living Will

A legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning. A written statement detailing a person desires regarding her medical treatment and circumstances in which they are no longer able to express informed consent especially an advance directive

SG What is puberty

A period of rapid physical maturation, occurring primarily in early adolescence that involves hormonal and bodily changes.

SG Hospice

A program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible. The goals of hospice contrast with those of a hospital, which are to cure disease and prolong life.

SG Cliques

A small group that ranges from 2 to about 12 individuals, averaging from 5 to 6 individuals, and ca form because adolescents engage in similar activities.

Kubler-Ross fifth stage of dying, in which the dying person develops a sense of peace, and acceptance of her or his fate, and in many cases, a desire to be left alone.

Acceptance

This happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation.

Accommodation

Quiz Death induced deliberately for a person (who is suffering from an incurable disease or severe disabilities) by injecting a lethal dose of a drug.

Active euthanasia

A pattern of behavior characterized by an overwhelming involvement with using a drug and a preoccupation with securing its supply.

Addiction

SG Risk factors in adolescence sexuality

Adolescence is a time of sexual exploration and sexual experimentation. Having sexual intercourse in early adolescence is associated with negative development outcomes such as drug use, delinquency, and school related problems. Contraceptive use by adolescents is increasing. About 1 in 4 sexually experienced adolescents acquires a sexually transmitted infection (STI). America's adolescent pregnancy rate is higher than in other industrialized nations but has been decreasing in recent years

SG KNOW and UNDERSTAND Erik Erikson's Stage Seven - Generativity versus Stagnation (40 to 65 years)

Adults who are in their 40s and 50s tend to find meaning in their work. They feel like at this point in their lives, they should be able to contribute something meaningful to the society and leave a legacy. If they fail to achieve this, they feel like they have been an unproductive member of the society.

Quiz A statement that individuals can sign that states that life-sustaining procedures shall not be used to prolong their lives when death is imminent.

Advance directive

In this type of love, also called compassionate love, an individual desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the other person.

Affectionate Love

A progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually, physical function.

Alzheimer disease

An attachment style that describes adults who demand closeness are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous and possessive.

Anxious attachment styles

SG KNOW and UNDERSTAND Erik Erikson's Stage Four - Industry versus Inferiority (5 to 13 year)

As children grow, they mature and their level of self-awareness increases. They understand logical reasoning, scientific facts, and other matters that are typically taught in school. At this stage, children become more competitive. They want to do things that other children of the same age can do. When they make the effort to perform a task and succeed, they develop self-confidence. However, if they fail, they tend to feel that they are inferior to others.

Using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation

Assimilation

SG KNOW and UNDERSTAND Erik Erikson's Stage Three - Initiative versus Guilt (3 to 5 years)

At this stage, children like to explore and do things on their own. They can learn new concepts introduced in school and are expected to practice these lessons in real life. They know that they can accomplish these tasks on their own, but if they fail to do so and end up asking for assistance from others, they may feel a sense of guilt.

SG KNOW and UNDERSTAND Erik Erikson's Stage Two - Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (18 months to 3 years)

At this stage, children should be taught the basic ways of taking care of themselves, including changing their clothes and feeding themselves. If a child can't take care of his own basic needs and continue to rely on others to take care of him, he may feel shameful when he sees that other kids of his own age are able to perform tasks such as feeding themselves.

SG Parent have strict limits with explanation. Parents attempt to control children's behavior

Authoritarian

SG Know the 3 parenting styles

Authoritarian, authoritative, permissive/indulgement and neglectful

SG Best type of style

Authoritative

SG Children have strict and clear limits with explanation. Parents encourage children's independence and children to control their own behavior

Authoritative

An attachment style that describes adults who are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner.

Avoidant attachment style

Kubler-Ross' third stage of dying, in which the dying person develops the hope that death can somehow be postponed.

Bargaining

A neurological definition of death. A person is brain dead when all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time. A flat EEG recording is one criterion of brain death.

Brain death

Quiz The neurological definition of death that is indicated by no electrical activity in the brain for a specified period of time

Brain death

Quiz Which of the following religions believes in reincarnation?

Buddhism

Quiz Which of the following are the MOST common chronic disorders for men during middle age?

Cancer, heart disease, and stroke

SG What is menopause

Cessation (the ending of a woman's menstrual periods, usually in the late 40's or 50's.

Disorder that are characterized by slow onset and long duration. They are rare in early adulthood, increase during middle adulthood, and become common in late adult hood.

Chronic Disorder

The middle transition during which fertility declines.

Climaceric

Quiz _____ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines

Climacteric

The culture-based "software programs" of the mind. Cognitive pragmatics include reading and writing skills, language comprehension, educational qualifications, professional skills, and also the type of knowledge about the self and life skills that help us to master or cope with life.

Cognitive pragmatics

Quiz Which of the following is NOT a component of cognitive pragmatics?

Comparison and categorization

Approach emphasizing that how a life event influences the individual's development depends not only on the life event, but also on mediating factors, the individual's adaptation to the life event the life-stage context, and the sociohistorical context.

Contemporary Life-events approach

Accumulated information and verbal skills, which increase in middle adulthood, according to Horn

Crystalized Intelligence

SG Eating Disorders

Eating disorders have increased in adolescence, along with the percentage of adolescents who are overweight. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both eating disorders

Quiz This theorist was the first to propose a five-stage model of dying which begins with denial and ends with acceptance of death.

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

The act of painlessly ending the lives of persons who are suffering from incurable diseases or severe disabilities: sometimes called "Mercy Killing".

Euthanasia

Quiz Rhett is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and to keep it off. You would tell him that the most effective weight-loss programs invariably include:

Exercise

Quiz Which of the following is the term that most researchers use to describe crisis?

Exploration

Quiz Which of the following is one of the Big Five factors of personality?

Extraversion

Quiz Homicide is the third-leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds today in the United States.

False

Quiz Research has shown that infants born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have a high birth weight.

False

Quiz The gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can reduce their infertility.

False

Quiz Robert Kastenbaum emphasizes that the death system in any culture is comprised of several components. Which of the following is NOT one of those components?

Families

Quiz What do studies say of the American attitude toward euthanasia after the Terri Schiavo incident?

Family members want an escalation of treatment

Quiz Which of the following is a more accurate vision of adolescence?

For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world

Quiz Identify the seventh stage of Erikson's life span theory.

Generativity versus stagnation

The emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love

Grief

SG Markers of becoming an adult

Holding a more or less permanent, full-time job, which usually happens when an individual finishes school-high school for some, college for others, graduate or professional school for still others. Economic independence is another marker but achieving it is a long process. Another marker is taking responsibility for oneself. In developing countries, marriage is more often a significant marker

Quiz A program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible.

Hospice

s possible. The goals of hospice contrast with those of a hospital, which are to cure disease and prolong life.

Hospice

Quiz Adolescents who do not successfully resolve their identity crisis suffer from what Erikson calls _____

Identity confusion

SG Define Identity and know what makes up the individual identity

Identity development is complex and takes place in bits and pieces. Erikson argues that identity versus identity confusion is the 5th stage of the human life span, which individuals experience during adolescence. A psychosocial moratorium during adolescence allows the personality and role experimentation that are important aspects of identity development. James Marcia proposed 4 identity statuses, identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement - that are based on crisis (exploration) and commitment. Increasingly, experts argue the main changes in identity occur in emerging rather than adolescence. Individuals often follow moratorium- achievement-moratorium-achievement (MAMA) cycles in their lives. Throughout the world, ethnic minority groups have struggled to maintain their identities while blending into the majority culture. Identity is a self-portrait composed of many pieces including these: vocational/career identity, political identity, religious identity, relationship identity, achievement and achievement identity, sexuality, cultural/ethnic identity, interests, personality, physical identity.

Quiz According to Erik Erikson, which of the following developmental stages is experienced by an individual during adolescence?

Identity versus identity confusion

Quiz _____ memory is memory without conscious recollection

Implicit

SG How do media influence behaviors during adolescence?

In terms of exposure, the average US 8-18 year old spends 6½ hours a day using electronic media. If media multitasking is taken into account, adolescents use electronic media 8 hours a day. Adolescents are rapidly increasing the time they spend online. Older adolescents reduce their TV viewing and video game playing and increase their music listening and computer use. Large numbers of adolescents and college students engage in social networking

Quiz A longitudinal study revealed that most bad health habits engaged in during adolescence _____ in emerging adulthood

Increased

Quiz _____ refers to the ability to recognize and understand patterns and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem

Inductive reasoning

SG KNOW and UNDERSTAND Erik Erikson's Stage One - Trust versus Mistrust (Infant to 18 months)

Infants must learn how to trust others, particularly those who care for their basic needs. An infant should feel that he is being cared for and that all his needs are met. A newborn is like a helpless being and therefore, might view the outside world as threatening. Depending on how he is treated by people around him, the sense of threat can be replaced by trust. When this happens, the infant gains a sense of security and will learn to trust people around him. The first and most important person to teach an infant about trust is usually the parents. Parents are expected to take good care of their children and attend to their needs. For example, the parents of a baby provide him with food, shelter, sustenance and make him feel very comfortable and secure.

Quiz Which of the following of Erikson's developmental stages do individuals experience in early childhood?

Initiative vs. guilt

Quiz Cholesterol comes in two forms _____ and HDL

LDL

SG Two forms of cholesterol

LDL and HDL

Quiz Treatment for men with erectile dysfunction has focused on Viagra and similar drugs, such as:

Levitra and Cialis

Quiz _____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.

Life expectancy

Quiz Which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of intimacy vs. isolation?

Love

SG Describe the nature of adolescence

Many stereotypes of adolescents are too negative. Most adolescents today successfully negotiate the path from childhood to adulthood. However, too many of today's adolescents are not provided with adequate opportunities and support to become competent adults. It is important to view adolescents as a heterogeneous group because different portraits of adolescents emerge, depending on the particular set of adolescents being-described. Social policy regarding adolescents too often has focused on health-compromising behaviors and not enough on strength-based approaches. Adolescents need more caring adults in their lives.

Quiz Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key finding from the 1994 "Sex in America" survey?

Married and cohabiting couples have sex more often than noncohabiting couples

States that although we prefer a more attractive person in the abstract, in the real world we end up choosing someone who is close to our own level of attractive.

Matching Hypothesis

Drawing on beliefs, values, and goals to change the meaning of a stressful situation especially in times of chronic stress such as when a loved one dies.

Meaning-Making Coping

Cessation of a woman's menstrual periods, usually during the later forties or early fifties.

Menopause

A condition characterized by hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome often leads to the onset of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Metabolic Syndrome

The development period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 or 65 years of age.

Middle Adulthood

Quiz Which of the following are mainly driving the increased media use by adolescents?

Mobile media

Quiz _____ refers to a self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others.

Narcissim

SG Parents have neither limits nor involvements in children's behavior

Neglectful

Quiz Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college?

Opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values

A chronic, progressive disease characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis.

Parkinson disease

SG Know the components that make up the death system

People - either their own death or the death of others. Clergy, fireman and policeman have a more systemic role with death Places or contexts - these include hospitals, funeral homes, cemeteries, hospices, battlefields, and memorials (Vietnam Veterans Memorial wall in Washington DC) Times - Memorial Day in the US, Day of the Dead in Mexico, anniversaries such as D-Day in WWII, 9/11/2001, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 Objects - caskets, various black objects such as clothes, armbands and hearses Symbols - skulls and crossbones, as well as last rites in the Catholic religion

SG KNOW and UNDERSTAND Erik Erikson's Stage Eight - Ego Integrity versus Despair (65 and older)

People who are in their 60s or older are typically retirees. It is important for them to feel a sense of fulfillment knowing that they have done something significant during their younger years. When they look back in their life, they feel content, as they believe that they have lived their life to the fullest. If they feel that they haven't done much during their life, it's likely that they will experience a sense of despair.

SG Parents are involved, but set few limits and are inconsistent in defining and enforcing limits on children's behavior

Permissive/indulgement

Quiz Holly is a quiet and introverted person. She feels stressed whenever she has to interact with a lot of people. Which of the following best describes this aspect of Holly's identity?

Personality

Quiz An intermittent, recurrent wish or need to recover the deceased person is known as_____.

Pining

What individuals might become, what they would like to become, and what they are afraid of becoming.

Possible selves

Thinking that is reflective, relativistic, contextual, provisional, realistic, and influenced by emotions.

Postformal thought

Quiz The type of grief reaction that involves enduring and is still unresolved over an extended period of time.

Prolonged grief

Grief hat involves enduring despair and remains unresolved over an extended period of time.

Prolonged grief disorder

SG Know how puberty affects individuals during adolescence

Puberty is a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily during early adolescents. Puberty's determinants include nutrition, health, and heredity. The initial onset of the pubertal growth spurt occurs on average at 9 years for girls and 11 for boys, reaching a peak change for girls at 11½ and for boys 13½. Individual variation in pubertal changes is substantial. Adolescents show considerable interest in their body image, with girls having more negative body images than boys do. For boys, early maturation brings benefits, at least during early adolescent. Early-maturing girls are vulnerable to a number of risks.

Forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not consent to it.

Rape

Quiz Which of the following is NOT a biological theory explaining aging?

Reverse neurogenesis theory

Quiz The theorist who emphasized that components comprising the death system in any culture are people, places or contexts, times, objects, and symbols.

Robert Kastenbaum

Also called passionate love, or eros, romantic love has strong sexual and infatuation components and often predominates early in a love relationship.

Romantic love

Quiz _____ theory describes how people can produce new resources and allocate them effectively to the tasks they want to master

Selective optimization with compensation

SG KNOW AND UNDERSTAND Piaget's theory of cognitive development

Sensorimotor stage, Pre-operational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage and Formal Operational Stage

Having intercourse in early adolescence is a risk factor or development.

Sexuality

Diseases that are contracted primarily through sexual activity.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIS)

Experiencing something beyond oneself in a manner and living in away that benefits others and society.

Spirituality

Quiz All of the following are key features identified by Jeffrey Arnett as characterizing emerging adulthood, EXCEPT:

Stability

SG Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence

Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence (refers to the ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare and contrast), creative intelligence (consists of the ability to create, design, invent, originate and imagine) and practical intelligence (involves the ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice)

Focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment.

Sustained attention

Quiz _____ is an individual's behavioral style and characteristic emotional responses

Temperament

SG Define Self-efficacy

The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes

SG What is egocentrism

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's (salient feature of the first substage of preoperational thought).

Quiz Why is menopause an important marker for women?

They have to make final decisions about having children.

Quiz Why, according to the socioemotional selectivity theory, do older adults deliberately increase the time spent with close friends and family members?

They place a high value on emotional satisfaction

SG KNOW and UNDERSTAND Erik Erikson's Stage Six - Intimacy versus Isolation (21 to 39 years)

This stage is very apparent for people who are in their 30s. People at this stage become worried about finding the right partner and fear that if they fail to do so, they may have to spend the rest of their lives alone. Young adults are most vulnerable to feel intimacy and loneliness because they interact with a lot of people in this phase of their lives. It's not always a success story for every young adult to find someone with whom they can share a lifelong commitment. Some may choose to spend the rest of their lives as singles.

Quiz Almost half of all deaths from 15 to 24 years of age are due to unintended injuries .

True

Quiz An individual's sexual orientation is most likely determined by a combination of factors

True

Quiz Explicit memory is also called procedural memory

True

Quiz High blood pressure is the health issues observed to occur at an above average rate in older African-Americans

True

Quiz Muscle tone and strength usually begin to show signs of decline around the age of 30

True

Quiz Older adults especially perform well when decision making is not constrained by time pressures

True

Quiz Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with Parkinson's disease

True

Quiz The abstract quality of thinking during the formal operational stage is evident in the adolescent's verbal problem-solving ability.

True

Quiz The most effective way to treat adolescent depression is a combination of drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).

True

Quiz The timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children, or establishing themselves in a career is known as the social clock.

True

SG Piaget divided the sensorimotor stage of development into six substages

True

Quiz The event that comes closest to being a culture-wide right of passage in the United States is

a high school graduation ceremony.

Quiz How a person's weight cannot be traced to genetic factors

a protein that is involved in satiety

Death induced deliberately, as by injecting a lethal dose of a drug.

active euthanasia

Quiz As a minister, being conscientious about the welfare of her parishioners, Reverend Douglas creates many roles in her church for retired church members. Reverend Douglas appears to be applying:

activity theory

The theory that the more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.

activity theory

SG What is juvenile adolescence

adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal.

SG Imaginary audience

adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed, visible, and "on stage". Example: An eighth grade boy might walk into a classroom and think they all eyes are riveted on his spotty complexion.

Sustained exercise (such as jogging, swimming, or cycling) that stimulates heart and lung activity.

aerobic exercise

SG Early Adulthood is

age 18 to 25

Quiz Questions such as, "To which age group do you belong?" and "How old do you feel?" reflect the concept of _____.

age identity

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults.

ageism

Quiz Daughters of teenage mothers are:

at increased risk for teenage childbearing,

Quiz Hardening of the arteries is known as _____.

atherosclerosis

Quiz According to two recent studies about the role of parents in guiding adolescents' use of the Internet and other media, both maternal and paternal _____ parenting predicted proactive monitoring of adolescent media use, including restriction of certain media from adolescent use and parent-adolescent discussion of exposure to questionable media content.

authoritative

Quiz In her meeting with a counselor, Dalton revealed that he was uncomfortable being close to others. He finds it difficult to trust people completely and doesn't allow himself to depend completely on them. He gets nervous if someone tries to get too intimate with him. It seems likely that Dalton has a(n) _____ attachment style

avoidant

Quiz Anorexia nervosa is a(n):

eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

Physical and emotional care taking for older members of the family, whether by giving day to day physical assistance or by being responsible for overseeing such care.

eldercare

The transition from adolescence to adulthood (occurring from approximately 18 to 25 years of age), which is characterized by experimentation and exploration.

emerging adulthood

A decrease in marital satisfaction that occurs after children leave home, because parents derive considerable satisfaction from their children.

empty nest syndrome

Quiz The human genome has not changed markedly in the last century, yet obesity has noticeably increased. This points to the fact that:

environmental factors play an important role in obesity.

Quiz The retention of information about the when and where of life's happenings is called _____ memory.

episodic

The retention of information about the where and when of life's happenings.

episodic memory

The inability to adequately achieve and maintain an erection to attain satisfactory sexual performance.

erectile dysfunction (ED)

Quiz In menopause, production of _____ by the ovaries declines dramatically

estrogen

This theory states that natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and nonadaptive characteristics in older adults; thus, the benefits conferred by evolution decline with age because natural selection is linked to reproductive fitness.

evolutionary theory of aging

Aspects of thinking that include planning actions, allocating attention to goals, detecting and compensating for errors, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances.

executive attention

Secure attachment to parents increases the likelihood that adolescents will be socially competent.

families

The view that when men experience stress they are more likely to engage in a fight or flight pattern, as reflected in being aggressive, withdrawing from social contact, or drinking alcohol.

fight or flight

The ability to reason abstractly, which begins to decline from middle adulthood onward, according to Horn.

fluid intelligence

A microbiological theory of aging that states that people age because normal metabolic processes within their cells produce unstable oxygen molecules known as free radicals. These molecules ricochet around inside cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures.

free-radical theory

The view that our aging society is being unfair to its younger members because older adults pile up advantages by receiving inequitably large allocations of resources.

generational inequity

Damage to the optic nerve because of the pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the eye.

glaucoma

Quiz According to research, which of the following could be the LEAST important characteristic women look for in men?

good looks

Quiz Cohorts refer to

groups of individuals born in the same year or time period.

Quiz Which of the following health issues is observed to occur at an above average rate in older African-Americans?

high blood pressure

Quiz Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with menopause?

high blood pressure

Memory without conscious recollection; involves skills and routine procedures that are automatically performed.

implicit memory

Erikson's eighth and final stage of development, which individuals experience in late adulthood. This involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent.

integrity versus despair

The number of years that will probably be lived by the average person born in a particular year.

life expectancy

The maximum number of years an individual can live. The life span of human beings is about 120 to 125 years of age.

life span

Quiz Cholesterol can be lowered in all of the following ways EXCEPT

liposuction

SG Define LDL

low-density lipoprotein - often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because when the level of LDL is too high, it sticks to the lining of the blood vessels, which can lead to therosclerosis (hardening of the arteries

A disease that involves deterioration of the macula of the retina, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field.

macular degeneration

A mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, self derogatory, and bored. The person does not feel well, loses stamina easily, has poor appetite and is listless and unmotivated. Major depression is so widespread that it has been called the "common cold" of mental disorders.

major depression

Quiz Dylan does his homework in front of the television, while listening to music on his iPod and also simultaneously text messaging his friends. This is indicative of a major trend in the use of technology known as:

media multitasking

Quiz A girl's first menstruation is called

menarche

Quiz A girl's first menstruation is called _______.

menarche

SG A girl's first menstruation

menarche

Quiz _____ is the developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age

middle adulthood

Quiz The _____ theory states that aging is due to the decay of _____ within the cells

mitochondrial; mitochondria

SG Passive euthanasia

occurs when a person is allowed to die by withholding available treatment, such as withdrawing a life-sustaining device. For example, this might involve turning off a respirator or heart-lung machine

SG Active euthanasia

occurs when death is deliberately induced, as when a lethal dose of a drug is injected

Quiz Death occurs neurologically when _____ for a specified period of time.

one's brain shows no electrical activity

A chronic condition that involves and extensive loss of bone tissue and is the main reason many older adults walk with a marked stoop.

osteoporosis

An organized set of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols that increases and individual's connection to a sacred or transcendent other (God, higher power, or higher truth).

religion

The degree to which an individual is affiliated with an organize religion participates in prescribed rituals and practices, feels a sense of connection with its beliefs, and is involved in a community of believers.

religiousness

An attachment styles that describes adults who have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned or stressed out about their romantic relationships.

secure attachment style

Quiz Life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes and his colleagues believe that successful aging is related to three main factors:

selection, optimization, and compensation

The theory that successful aging is related to three main factors; selection, optimization, an compensation.

selective optimization with compensation theory

Quiz A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory

semantic

A person's knowledge about the world-including one's fields of expertise, general academic knowledge of the sort learned in school, and "everyday knowledge"

semantic memory

Quiz According to Ellen Berscheid, the most important ingredient of romantic love is

sexual desire

The theory that older adults become more selective about their social networks. Because they place a high value on emotional satisfaction, older adults often spend more time with familiar individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships.

socioemotional selectivity theory

The ability to remember where one learned something

source memory

Taylor's view that when woman experience stress they are likely to engage in a tend and befriend pattern seeking social alliances with others especially female friends.

tend and befriend

Quiz D'Angelo and his wife just had their last child move out of the house. He and his wife had lived vicariously through their children, letting their sports activites and various achievements dominate their lives. Now they may experience _____, which includes a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.

the empty nest syndrome

SG Define self-esteem

the global evaluative dimension of the self. Self-esteem is also referred to as self-worth or self-image

SG Personal fable

the part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or vulnerability) Example: A 13 year old says this about herself: "No one understands me, particularly my parents. They have no idea of what I am feeling."

SG Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory

theory stating children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through 4 stages of cognitive development (sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage

Quiz Piaget stressed that young adults are more quantitatively advanced in their thinking than adolescents because

they have more knowledge

Quiz Researchers have found that male rapists share the following characteristics: aggression enhances their sense of power or masculinity; they are angry at women in general; and _____.

they want to hurt and humiliate their victims

Quiz Robert J. Sternberg's _____ theory links wisdom to both practical and academic intelligence.

triarchic

Quiz Which of the following is NOT one of the important characteristics men look for in women?

understanding

Quiz The matching hypothesis says that we choose partners

who are close to our level of physical attractiveness

Quiz The critical-period hypothesis could explain

why sexual orientation is difficult, if not impossible, to modify

Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters.

wisdom