PSY 223 Developmental Psychology, Farr

Which best describes sensory changes during middle childhood? a) the incidence of myopia increases b) hearing problems increase due to higher rates of ear infections c) rates of farsightedness increase while myopia decreases d) vision and hearing both improve dramatically

a) the incidence of myopia increases

_________ is/are the dominant cause of death in developing countries today. a) infectious diseases b) chronic conditions such as cancer c) heart disease d) suicide

a) infectious diseases

In the United States, about ______ of children between ages 4 and 10 are diagnosed with ADHD. a) 7% b) 15% c) 4% d) 1%

a) 7%

Which of the following occurred during the Neolithic period? a) The domestication of animals developed b) Humans reached Australia for the first time c) Humans began to bury their dead for the first time d) The climate got much colder

a) The domestication of animals developed

Which of the following best describes the relationships between age and crime? a) a small percentage of adolescents commit the majority of crimes b) adolescents are less likely to be the victims of crime than are children or adults c) adolescents are likely to commit crimes alone because they worry about their reputation if they get caught d) adolescents are less likely than adults to commit crimes because they do not have enough opportunity to do so

a) a small percentage of adolescents commit the majority of crimes

A 9-year-old boy from a collectivistic culture, such as Japan, would be most likely to describe himself as ______. a) a son b) funny as can be c) shy d) really good at math

a) a son

In developed countries today, what percent of people die at home? a) about 20% b) less than 5% c) about 60% d) there are no records on where people die

a) about 20%

Parents who experience the death of a child _____________. a) are at a higher risk of divorce b) form a deeper bond with each other and have a stronger marriage as a result c) experience great distress, but recover from it quickly d) have double the risk of cancer

a) are at a higher risk of divorce

C-sections _______________. a) are performed when the baby is in the breech position and attempts to turn the baby into a head-first position have not been successful b) require the same recovery time as a vaginal birth if they are performed correctly c) have only been proven safe in the cases where there is a failure to progress d) are performed at equally small rates around the world because they are seen as a last resort.

a) are performed when the baby is in the breech position and attempts to turn the baby into a head-first position have not been successful

Older adults in developed countries _________. a) are the wealthiest segment of the population b) are the group most likely to be receiving public assistance c) usually perform a ritual celebrating the person's freedom from previous responsibilities d) are now more likely to be living in extended-family households than in the past

a) are the wealthiest segment of the population

A child who has an X0 chromosomal makeup (where 0 denotes a missing chromosome where thee is supposed to be a 23rd pair) will most likely _________. a) be a female who will later experience problems in the development of the reproductive system b) be a male with Down syndrome c) be a typical female who will not experience cognitive or physical problems d) not survive past the age of 3

a) be a female who will later experience problems in the development of the reproductive system

If you were a researcher observing play among 5-year-old children in the United States. what would you be most likely to observe? a) boys playing with children from other kindergarten classes, rather than older boys b) boys engaging in cooperative, fantasy play c) the boys challenging the girls to a wrestling match d) girls playing kickball with the boys (with the girls serving as referees to make sure the boys follow the rules)

a) boys playing with children from other kindergarten classes, rather than older boys

The fiver characteristics that are evaluated in the Apgar scale are __________. a) color, heart rate, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and breathing b) reaction to cuddling, startling, intelligence, vocal response, and visual response c) the Babinski, Moro, stepping, swimming, and grasping reflexes d) sucking reflex, responses to social stimulation, and disease symptoms

a) color, heart rate, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and breathing

Crystallized intelligence represents a person's _____________. a) culturally-based knowledge b) decision-making power c) pure ability d) adaptability

a) culturally-based knowledge

Adolescents are most likely to exhibit their false selves with ___________. a) dating partners b) close friends c) acquaintances d) parents

a) dating partners

Young children's use of grammar _______. a) develops simply by hearing and using the language in daily interactions b) develops more slowly in traditional cultures c) is mostly incorrect until age 6 d) is entirely dependent on formal instruction in preschool

a) develops simply by hearing and using the language in daily interactions

Adolescents in developed countries who work part-time _______________. a) do not typically see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career b) are less likely to use drugs and alcohol than their nonworking counterparts c) usually contribute the majority of their earnings to support the household income d) have higher grades in school than other students

a) do not typically see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career

As a result of the process of crossing over ____________. a) each child born to a set of parents is genetically unique ( with the exception of identical twins) b) women are at increased risk for infertility c) the risk of down syndrome is increased d) boys are more likely to be born with a learning disability

a) each child born to a set of parents is genetically unique ( with the exception of identical twins)

Compared to adults, neonates _________. a) enter REM sooner after falling asleep b) do not experience eye movements under the eyelids or brain-wave changes during REM sleep c) spend less time sleeping d) spend a lower proportion of their sleep in REM

a) enter REM sooner after falling asleep

Research on the media use of adolescents _____________________. a) has shown that the content of electronic games is related to their emotional responses b) has found that only females report that they enjoy the social aspect of gaming c) has focused primarily on the benefits, such as increase problem-solving ability and strategizing d) has found that adolescents in industrialized countries use media for about 2 hours everyday

a) has shown that the content of electronic games is related to their emotional responses

The limited memory for personal events and experiences prior to age 5 is probably due to incomplete myelination of the _______. a) hippocampus b) reticular formation c) cerebellum d) corpus callosum

a) hippocampus

Which of the following best describes attachment across cultures? a) in all cultures, infants and toddlers develop attachments to the people around them who provide loving, protective care b) autonomy and independence are encouraged from an early age across cultures c) insecure-resistant attachment is the most common classification in all cultures because many children find the Strange Situation to be very stressful d) children from the United States and Japan tend to be classified the same way in studies employing the Strange Situation paradigm

a) in all cultures, infants and toddlers develop attachments to the people around them who provide loving, protective care

The three traditional conceptions of life (in the Dharmashastras, the Talmud, and as proposed by Solon) differ _____________. a) in the way that they divide the life span b) in the level of maturity they attribute to youth c) in the stage of life when wisdom is evident d) in that only one is a view of how we develop if all goes well

a) in the way that they divide the life span

Keisha has inherited one recessive gene for the sickle-cell trait along with one normal dominant gene. As a result of this _________, she is resistant to malaria and does not have sickle-cell anemia. a) incomplete dominance b) reaction range c) dominant-recessive inheritance d) polygenic inheritance

a) incomplete dominance

Research indicates that vacation time _____________. a) increases cognitive and physical functioning b) is positively correlated with cognitive decline c) is less beneficial for men than women d) lowers worker productivity

a) increases cognitive and physical functioning

In the famous case of Henrietta Lacks, an African American woman's cancer cells were removed from her cervix without her knowledge by a surgeon right before her death in 1951. Researchers wanted to study these HeLa cells to learn about the genes that cause cancer and those that suppress it. The ethical requirement of __________ would protect against this happening today. a) informed consent b) confidentiality c) generalizability of the finding d) deception

a) informed consent

Watching TV during young childhood _______. a) is a popular leisure activity all over the world b) has not been studied experimentally, and therefore no conclusions about causation can be made c) has been correlated with aggressive thoughts and behaviors, but only among males who were already extremely aggressive before viewing d) has not been associated with any positive development

a) is a popular leisure activity all over the world

Binge drinking ____. a) is more likely among emerging adults than those in other age groups because they spend more time in unstructured socializing b) is highest among single mothers in their early twenties who do not go to college c) has not been studied longitudinally because of the difficulty getting IRB approval to ask about alcohol use among high school students d) peaks in emerging adulthood in the United States, but not in Europe where adolescents are often allowed to drink alcohol with their meals

a) is more likely among emerging adults than those in other age groups because they spend more time in unstructured socializing

Which of the following is NOT considered a critique of the theory of Kubler-Ross? a) it places too much emphasis on cultural and spiritual beliefs b) it overlooks fear as a response c) it overlooks the cultural context d) many people don't go through all five stages

a) it places too much emphasis on cultural and spiritual beliefs

Researchers comparing telomeres of healthy centenarians to a comparison group of their peers with two or more chronic health conditions found that the telomeres of those who were healthy were __________. a) longer b) shorter c) thinner and more brittle d) thicker

a) longer

During late adulthood _____. a) many people develop age spots b) body weight increases from middle adulthood because few older adults exercise c) bones thicken in women d) veins become less visible as skin thickens

a) many people develop age spots

Which of the following best describes pubertal timing? a) menarche takes place as late as age 15 in some developing countries, due to lack of proper nutrition and medical care b) the effects of early maturation are generally positive for girls c) the timing of puberty has no effect on adolescent boys d) the average age of menarche is much later today than it was in earlier generations

a) menarche takes place as late as age 15 in some developing countries, due to lack of proper nutrition and medical care

Research on marriage in the United States has shown that by midlife ____________. a) nearly three-fourths of American adults describe their marriage as "excellent" or "very good" b) marital satisfaction stays relatively low until the early seventies when most people are retired c) the correlation between marriage and mental health is weaker than it was earlier in the life span d) most marriage partners have less time to spend as a couple than they did earlier in their marriage because of increased job demands

a) nearly three-fourths of American adults describe their marriage as "excellent" or "very good"

From infancy onward, __________ memory comes easier to us than _________ memory. a) recognition, recall b) social, recognition c) recall, recognition d) infantile amnesia, recall

a) recognition, recall

For most people, self-esteem ______. a) rises during emerging adulthood b) declines during emerging adulthood c) stays about the same as it was in adolescence d) declines during the first half of emerging adulthood and increases in later emerging adulthood

a) rises during emerging adulthood

Mary has always loved to sew but at age 80, she now sews only a few items of clothing per year, follows simple patterns, and she now uses a machine instead of stitching by hand. This is an example of _________. a) selective optimization with compensation b) better divided attention among experts c) faster reaction times of older experts compared to their younger counterparts d) improved procedural memory with age

a) selective optimization with compensation

Which of the following is most accurate regarding research on self-development in middle adulthood? a) self-acceptance, autonomy, and environmental mastery all increase during middle adulthood b) across cultures during middle adulthood, contentment with the self shows a small, but significant, decline as people confront a number of physiological changes c) there is no evidence of self-development among middle-aged people living in collectivistic cultures d) middle-aged adults' enhanced self-development makes them less likely to adapt to new situations or to be flexible in their goals

a) self-acceptance, autonomy, and environmental mastery all increase during middle adulthood

The process by which people seek to maintain consistency between their gender schemes and their behavior is referred to as _____. a) self-socialization b) gender identity c) gender constancy d) self-regulation

a) self-socialization

When mothers show negative emotions in relation to a toy in the laboratory, infants will avoid the toy, which illustrates _____________. a) social referencing b) habituation c) the still-face paradigm d) goodness of fit

a) social referencing

Research on language development has shown that ___________. a) social status is correlated with how much parents speak to their young children b) language development in American children is not linked to income level of parents c) maternal responsiveness to American children's verbalization has no impact on when children reach language milestones d) genetics plays a very little role in verbal ability

a) social status is correlated with how much parents speak to their young children

Which of the following is true of gender-related evaluations of work? a) some studies have found that evaluations can be especially harsh when a person's behavior violates stereotypical gender expectations b) college students evaluate work done by someone of their own gender higher than work done by someone of the opposite gender c) generally, research indicates that college students often evaluate women's work performance more favorably than men's d) gender-related evaluations do not depend on characteristics of the evaluators, such as their age

a) some studies have found that evaluations can be especially harsh when a person's behavior violates stereotypical gender expectations

Which of the following is true regarding the loss of a spouse? a) the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for men than for women b) depressive symptoms are not common and if they occur, they typically disappear within a month after the death c) the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for women than for men d) women are more likely than men to become depressed after a spouse dies

a) the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for men than for women

Preterm babies are considered at risk because _________. a) their immune systems are immature b) their bodies generate too much heat c) they have too much surfactant in their lungs d) their gestational age is 40 weeks and that is still too early to perform basic functions, such as sucking

a) their immune systems are immature

The focus of hospice care is __________. a) to relieve a patient's pain and suffering and provide care that allows the patient to die with dignity b) to euthanize patients who are in severe pain c) to offer more intensive medical treatments to help cure life-threatening diseases d) to provide emotional support to family members without interacting directly with the patient

a) to relieve a patient's pain and suffering and provide care that allows the patient to die with dignity

Which of the following is true of good prenatal care? a) tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs should be avoided b) exercise should be avoided c) forty to sixty pounds should be gained d) women should drink fewer fluids than before pregnancy

a) tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs should be avoided

In the United States, about _________ of couples are infertile. a) 4-5% b) 10-15% c) 1-2% d) 14-27%

b) 10-15%

If Salma is typical of most infants, his first tooth will appear at ________ of age. a) 15 months b) 5-9 months c) 2 months d) 10-11 months

b) 5-9 months

Which of the following best illustrates coregulation? a) a child counts to three and tells himself to calm down after getting angry at his brother b) a child is able to prepare himself, breakfast provided that he follow his parents' rules and not use the stove c) siblings negotiate a conflict without resorting to physical aggression d) a child describes himself in relation to others

b) a child is able to prepare himself, breakfast provided that he follow his parents' rules and not use the stove

What happened to Terman's "Termites" when they became adults? a) they suffered from emotional and psychological problems b) as a group, the Termites had a great deal of educational and occupational success c) they amassed great wealth, but were very unhappy d) they had higher rates of divorce

b) as a group, the Termites had a great deal of educational and occupational success

Which of the following statements about breast feeding is most accurate? a) breast feeding promotes better health in childhood, but does not have any influence on long-term health b) babies in developing countries are more at risk for health problems if their mothers do not breast feed them than are babies in developed countries c) the colostrum that mothers produce in the first weeks after birth can be dangerous to babies, so doctors advise using formula until the mother begins producing milk d) breast-fed babies are more likely than bottle-fed babies to become obese in childhood because they are used to eating on demand

b) babies in developing countries are more at risk for health problems if their mothers do not breast feed them than are babies in developed countries

Which of the following reflexes has no apparent survival value? a) moro reflex b) babinski reflex c) rooting reflex d) grasping reflex

b) babinski reflex

Male emerging adults are more likely than females to _______________. a) have negative attitudes toward recreational sex b) be willing to have intercourse with someone they have known for only a few hours c) suffer severe punishments if they have premarital sex d) have sex only in the context of a close romantic relationship

b) be willing to have intercourse with someone they have known for only a few hours

When capable of concrete operational thought, children ________. a) can reason about abstractions b) can organize and manipulate information mentally c) still have great difficulty with seriation tasks, such as arranging items from shortest to longest d) are likely to be misled by appearances

b) can organize and manipulate information mentally

_________ is/are the leading cause(s) of death worldwide. a) Lung cancer b) cardiovascular disease c) beast cancer for women and prostate cancer for men d) diabetes

b) cardiovascular disease

Based on Murnane and Levy's research, which of the following is considered one of the six basic skills necessary for success at the most promising new jobs available to high school graduates in the changing economy? a) solving totally unstructured problems b) collaborating in diverse groups c) doing college-level math d) reading at a sixth-grade level

b) collaborating in diverse groups

Leisure activities with friends _____________. a) stay at about the same level in the course of the twenties as they were during adolescence b) decline steadily in the course of the twenties c) increase slightly in the course of the twenties d) decline for women, but not for men, in the course of the twenties

b) decline steadily in the course of the twenties

Which of the following is most accurate regarding research on predictors of health in middle adulthood and later adulthood? a) alcohol use, but not smoking, has been shown to correlate with later health b) education predicted health from middle to late adulthood more strongly than did income c) health habits have little relation to later physical and mental health d) there has been no longitudinal research to address this question; therefore researchers have been unable to draw any definitive conclusions

b) education predicted health from middle to late adulthood more strongly than did income

Which statement best describes exercise habits in late adulthood? a) doctors don't recommend exercise for this age group b) eighty-five to ninety-five percent of adults over age 65 never engage in vigorous exercise c) aerobic exercise is not advised because it increases the risk of heart attack d) older adults exercise more often than midlife adults because they have fewer family obligations

b) eighty-five to ninety-five percent of adults over age 65 never engage in vigorous exercise

By the end of middle childhood _________. a) children's drawings look about the same as they did in early childhood in terms of level of detail b) fine motor development has nearly reached adult maturity c) most children are just beginning to learn to tie their shoes d) improvements in fine motor skills are seen primarily among children who were educated in a formal school setting

b) fine motor development has nearly reached adult maturity

The Dharmashastras, the sacred law books of the Hindu religion, describe __________ stages of a person's life. a) twelve b) four c) two d) ten

b) four

Who comprises the source of adolescents' happiest experiences? a) siblings b) friends c) extended family d) parents

b) friends

When children can identify themselves and others as either male or female they have developed ________. a) gender expectations b) gender identity c) custom complexes d) gender stereotypes

b) gender identity

Which of the following is true regarding research on couples after the birth of the first child in developed countries? a) martial satisfaction declines more for men than women after the birth of a child because men become jealous of the new baby b) gender roles become more traditional and women are more likely to take an extended period of leave after the birth of a child c) for couples who had a troubled marriage before the child was born, martial satisfaction increases after the baby arrives because it brings them closer together d) marital satisfaction improves for all couples following the birth of the first child

b) gender roles become more traditional and women are more likely to take an extended period of leave after the birth of a child

Although Shanamae makes a good salary in sales, she is questioning whether her work in the retail industry is making a meaningful contribution to society. She is thinking of going back to school to train to be a nurse, so that she can give back to society by helping other. According to Erikson, she is in the stage of ______________. a) industry versus inferiority b) generativity versus stagnation c) industry versus stagnation d) ego integrity versus despair

b) generativity versus stagnation

Speed of _______ is a good predictor of later memory and intelligence a) secondary circular reactions b) habituation c) making the A-not-B error d) accommodation

b) habituation

Research on generativity ____________. a) has focused almost exclusively on Asian countries b) has shown that there are a variety of ways an adult can be generative c) has shown a peak during emerging adulthood, following by a plateau in middle adulthood among Americans and Canadians d) has shown that significantly more women than men achieve a sense of generativity during midlife

b) has shown that there are a variety of ways an adult can be generative

Based on research, it would appear that educational media products ________________. a) greatly accelerate the cognitive development of infants b) have no effect on infants' cognitive development c) develop better attention spans in babies d) are used by almost 50% of babies in the United States

b) have no effect on infants' cognitive development

Research on resilience has shown that _____________. a) as a group, girls are more resilient than boys b) high intelligence characterizes many individuals who are considered resilient c) bouncing back from adversity requires a high level of achievement and extraordinary abilities d) parenting has no influence on resilience

b) high intelligence characterizes many individuals who are considered resilient

Which of the following best describes religious beliefs in emerging adulthood? a) emerging adults are not tolerant of religious differences b) in emerging adulthood, religious beliefs are highly individualized c) emerging adults place great emphasis on the religious doctrine of their faith d) there is an overall decline in religious behavior, but not religious beliefs from adolescence to emerging adult

b) in emerging adulthood, religious beliefs are highly individualized

One of the weaknesses of the research on Daniel Levinson, who studied the midlife crisis in the 1970s, is that his initial observations were based on a(n) _________. a) questionnaire survey of 400 men b) intensive study of only 40 men c) study of poorly educated men from three different countries d) cross-sectional questionnaire study of men and women in several age groups

b) intensive study of only 40 men

Use of infant-directed speech _________. a) leads to slower development of language than the style of language typically spoken with adults b) is less common outside the developed countries c) involves speaking in a lower than normal tone and using less repetition than in normal speech d) has been shown to be less interesting to babies than normal speech; a reason why many parents do not use this type of "baby talk"

b) is less common outside the developed countries

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ( WISC-IV) ________> a) has only been predictive of the future outcomes of gifted children b) is the most widely used intelligence test for children c) has been criticized for focusing too much on creativity and not enough on core skills of reading and writing d) has both math and performance subtests

b) is the most widely used intelligence test for children

Which of the following is true regarding theory of mind? a) it develops the same way in all cultures with spoken language b) it begins to develop, in rudimentary form, sometime in infancy c) a child who demonstrates theory of mind is not yet able to think about thinking d) children show a decrease in this ability from 4-6 years of age because they are becoming independent

b) it begins to develop, in rudimentary form, sometime in infancy

Which of the following is true regarding siblings? a) "only children" are maladjusted, meaning they are more prone to depressive behavior disorders b) jealousy is a common response to the birth of a younger sibling across cultures c) research has shown that young children with older siblings have a more advanced theory of mind than those who are only children d) a gap of 4-8 years between children is common in many cultures across the world

b) jealousy is a common response to the birth of a younger sibling across cultures

The United States' belief in the value of individual freedom, as demonstrated in its capitalist economic system and its governmental system of representative democracy, reflects which system of Bronfenbrenner's Theory a) Exosystem b) Macrosystem c) Microsystem d) Chronosystem

b) macrosystem

Which of the following ethnic identify statuses involves rejecting one's culture of origin but also feeling rejected by the majority culture? a) biculturalism b) marginality c) assimilation d) separation

b) marginality

Which of the following statements about exercise is true? a) nearly all adults in developed countries engage in regular exercise b) most adults in developed countries do not exercise regularly c) adults at lower SES levels exercise more than adults at higher SES levels d) across SES groups, women exercise more than men

b) most adults in developed countries do not exercise regularly

Which of the following is true regarding work and retirement? a) retirement satisfaction tends to be higher among those in lower-status jobs because they feel a sense of relief to no longer have to go to work every day b) most older Americans say they would prefer to enter retirement gradually c) for most older adults, the main reason they work past the traditional "retirement age" is that they need the money d) younger adults are more likely to be self-employed than their older counterparts

b) most older Americans say they would prefer to enter retirement gradually

__________ is a protective factor against developing Alzheimer's disease. a) being of African heritage b) regular physical activity c) having the ApoE gene d) abstaining from all alcohol

b) regular physical activity

According to Freud, _____________ is the driving force behind human development. a) attachment to one's mother b) sexual desire c) cognitive development d) trust

b) sexual desire

According to _________, shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice. a) Erikson's theory b) socioemotional selectivity theory c) selective optimization with compensation d) primary aging theory

b) socioemotional selectivity theory

Midlife adults __________. a) are less satisfied with their jobs than are younger adults b) stay unemployed longer than young adults after experiencing a job loss c) have higher absenteeism rates than young adults due to a weakened immune system with advancing age d) tend to get a job of higher pay when they get a new job after being employed

b) stay unemployed longer than young adults after experiencing a job loss

Which of the following statements is true regarding research methods? a) the strength of the case study approach is the ability to generalize the findings b) the ethnographic method allows the researcher to learn how people behave in their daily lives c) qualitative data is considered unscientific among most researchers in the field of psychology d) the most commonly used method in social science research is the open-ended interview

b) the ethnographic method allows the researcher to learn how people behave in their daily lives

Which of the following statements about handedness is most accurate? a) children who are left-handed are often praised for their uniqueness in non-Western cultures b) the prevalence of left-handedness in some African countries is as low as 1% because using the left hand is suppressed c) children first develop this tendency during the preschool years d) there is no genetic component to handedness; it is based purely on one's environment

b) the prevalence of left-handedness in some African countries is as low as 1% because using the left hand is suppressed

Research on Kohlberg's stages of moral development has shown that __________. a) the majority of people reach Stage 5: community right and individual rights orientation b) the stage of moral reasoning achieved tends to increase with age c) over time, people regress to an earlier stage of moral reasoning d) people often skip stages and advance to the highest stage in adulthood

b) the stage of moral reasoning achieved tends to increase with age

What most characterizes early brain development in toddlerhood is _________. a) the production of new brain cells b) the steep increase in synaptic density c) activity in the amygdala d) the formation of the cerebral cortex

b) the steep increase in synaptic density

The countries with the highest obesity rates are ___________. a) Asian countries b) the wealthiest countries c) traditional cultures d) the poorest countries

b) the wealthiest countries

For many people, late adulthood is a time of ______________. a) high anxiety about death b) thinking about the life they have lived and coming to an acceptance of it c) distress over the goals they never accomplished d) reluctance in taking or thinking about death

b) thinking about the life they have lived and coming to an acceptance of it

Of the following evening leisure activities among American adults, the most common is ________________. a) using social media on the internet b) watching television c) communicating with friends via text messaging on the phone d) playing portable electronic devices

b) watching television

How is wisdom related to age, according to research? a) wisdom declines after early adulthood b) wisdom is generally unrelated to age c) wisdom is at its peak during the college years d) wisdom is only attained when you reach late adulthood

b) wisdom is generally unrelated to age

Within the United States, this ethnic group has the LOWEST rates of death from heart disease. a) Native Americans b) White Americans c) Asian Americans d) African Americans

c) Asian Americans

Emerging adults who live in ______ would emphasize becoming capable of supporting parents financially as among the most important criteria for becoming an adult. a) Canada b) the United States c) Japan d) Europe

c) Japan

Which of the following statements about bonding is most accurate? a) in humans, if there is no contact with the mother shortly after birth the baby's future development is at risk b) imprinting is another name for the stepping reflex c) Konrad Lorenz showed that following the first moving object after birth has survival value for geese d) there is a critical period for mother-child relations in all species

c) Konrad Lorenz showed that following the first moving object after birth has survival value for geese

Why has there been little change in the average height in Western countries over the last few decades? a) Evolutionary influences are causing all populations to decrease in height b) The population has become overweight or obese, which negatively affects height c) People have reached the upper boundary of their reaction range for height d) People in western countries have been exposed to more diseases

c) People have reached the upper boundary of their reaction range for height

______ are most likely to be living on their own rather than with their parents in their early twenties a) Asian Americans b) Latinos c) White Americans d) African Americans

c) White Americans

Which of the following decreases for most people through middle adulthood? a) factual knowledge b) procedural knowledge c) ability for divided attention d) long-term memory stores

c) ability for divided attention

Experts _________. a) process information more slowly than novices because they are more systematic in their reasoning b) tend to reach the top of their field due to increases in physical strength and skill compared to their younger counterparts c) are more automatic in their problem-solving than are novices d) are more creative, but less flexible, than are novices

c) are more automatic in their problem-solving than are novices

Compared to younger children, those in middle school __________. a) are more serious and therefore have more difficulty understanding the punch lines in jokes b) are less likely to use conditional sentences (e.g., if you do this, I will do that...) because they know that it may be interpreted negatively c) are more likely to realize that what people say is not always what they mean d) use less complex, but longer sentences

c) are more likely to realize that what people say is not always what they mean

Scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant development ____________. a) are predictive of later IQ or school performance b) are calculated for use with children ages 3 months to 9 years c) are useful as a screening tool because those who score very low may have developmental problems d) are no longer used because they are considered out of date

c) are useful as a screening tool because those who score very low may have developmental problems

How is creativity measured? a) a standardized test has been developed that assess both creativity and IQ b) it is assessed based on self-reports c) assessments of creativity have focused on the number of works a person produces, or on the timing of a person's "best" works, as determined by experts in the area or by the work's influence d) no one has attempted to measure creativity

c) assessments of creativity have focused on the number of works a person produces, or on the timing of a person's "best" works, as determined by experts in the area or by the work's influence

Religiosity in adolescence is ______________. a) highest in European and Asian countries b) the same regardless of if adolescents' parents are married or divorced c) associated with lower rates of delinquency d) usually lowest among African Americans

c) associated with lower rates of delinquency

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is almost unknown in cultures where co-sleeping is the norm because __________. a) babies are less likely to be breast-fed and therefore parents are less likely to roll over on them b) babies are less likely to be aroused during the night in these quieter settings c) babies tend to sleep with their parents on relatively hard surfaces d) parents tend to put cloth on both sides of their babies so they remain on their sides

c) babies tend to sleep with their parents on relatively hard surfaces

In middle childhood, __________. a) girls are more likely than their male counterparts to be on a sports team because they are more collaborative b) children have a slower reaction time than they did early in childhood because they are less impulsive c) children are more likely to be involved in organized sports than they were when they were younger d) children are less coordinated than they were in early childhood because they are going through an awkward phase

c) children are more likely to be involved in organized sports than they were when they were younger

In terms of gender development, during middle childhood _________. a) play groups become less gender segregated in developed countries only b) play groups become less gender segregated than they were in early childhood c) children increasingly view personality traits as associated with one gender or the other d) gender roles become less rigid than earlier in life

c) children increasingly view personality traits as associated with one gender or the other

During middle childhood, __________. a) children's emotions become more intense, so they are not yet able to conceal their true feelings b) children tend to be less happy than they were in early childhood because they engage in more social comparison c) children learn how to conceal their emotions and show socially acceptable emotions d) children experience less emotional stability than they did at early stages in development because they are changing social contexts more often

c) children learn how to conceal their emotions and show socially acceptable emotions

According to Sternberg, commitment, passion, and intimacy combine to form _______________. a) compassionate b) fatuous c) consummate d) romantic

c) consummate

Which of the following best represents the impact of evolution on human development? a) Instincts reduce humans' capacity for cultural learning more than they reduce animals' capacity for cultural learning b) our development of bipedal locomotion is the most distinctive characteristic of our species c) cultures shape the raw material of biology into widely different paths throughout the life span d) Biologically, humans have changed drastically since the origin of Homo sapiens

c) cultures shape the raw material of biology into widely different paths throughout the life span

Research has shown that a child with a(n) ________ attachment is most likely to have later problems such as hostility, psychopathology, and cognitive deficits. a) insecure-resistant b) insecure-avoidant c) disorganized-disoriented d) goal-corrected

c) disorganized-disoriented

Which of the following is true of emerging adults' political beliefs? a) emerging adults tend to see the activities of political parties as highly relevant to their lives b) emerging adults tend to have higher conventional political participation compared to previous generations of young people c) emerging adults tend to be skeptical of the motivations of politicians d) unlike their counterparts in Canada or Western Europe, emerging adults' political participation is very low in the United States

c) emerging adults tend to be skeptical of the motivations of politicians

A consistent pattern in early intervention programs such as Head Start is the early gains in IQ and achievement ________. a) continue throughout the lifespan b) continue, but only for females c) fade within 2 or 3 years of entering elementary school d) continue to increase throughout middle school

c) fade within 2 or 3 years of entering elementary school

During toddlerhood, __________. a) there seems to be no preference for play partners; they play equally with whatever children are present b) those who know each other well usually engage in solitary play rather than other forms of play c) friendships are based on companionship, mutual affection, and emotional closeness d) children are not yet capable of engaging in simply social play or cooperative pretend play

c) friendships are based on companionship, mutual affection, and emotional closeness

Which of the following best represents the research on gay and lesbian couples? a) gay and lesbian adults often seek out romantic partners who are opposite from them in many ways b) no differences have been identified between gay and lesbian couples c) gay and lesbian couples are similar to heterosexual couples in most ways d) gay and lesbian couples have different sources of conflict in their relationship than do heterosexual couples

c) gay and lesbian couples are similar to heterosexual couples in most ways

Tara and Paul adopted their baby daughter, Yet Kwai, from a Chinese orphanage 5 years ago. She was physically and emotionally deprived until they adopted her at age 2.5. It is most likely that Yet Kwai __________. a) will show no signs of cognitive impairment due to synaptic pruning b) will have greater brain plasticity later in development because of her nurturing environment c) had more cognitive impairment than she would have had if she had been adopted before 6 months of age d) stayed underweight for much of her life

c) had more cognitive impairment than she would have had if she had been adopted before 6 months of age

K.L.'s baby was born blind, deaf, and with intellectual disability. It is most likely that during her pregnancy she _________. a) had a severe nutritional deficiency b) contracted AIDS c) had rubella d) ate foods that were too high in folic acid

c) had rubella

Watching violent television in middle childhood ______. a) has only been studied with male participants b) has been linked with aggression only in the United States c) has been associated with a number of negative outcomes later in development d) has been found to be less harmful than for adolescents

c) has been associated with a number of negative outcomes later in development

Juanita's cervix is 10 centimeters dilated, so she _______________. a) is just beginning the labor stage b) requires an episiotomy c) has completed labor and is ready to deliver the baby d) requires a C-section

c) has completed labor and is ready to deliver the baby

When children generally avoid making the A-not-B error, they ___________. a) use tertiary circular reactions b) understand scaffolding c) have attained object permanence d) show the ability to categorize

c) have attained object permanence

Compared to single-language children, those who are bilingual ______. a) are worse at detecting mistakes in grammar b) are behind in metalinguistic skills c) have better metalinguistic skills d) score lower on general measures of cognitive ability

c) have better metalinguistic skills

Erikson thought that _________ was not possible until an individual had a fairly stable personal identity. a) marriage b) self-esteem c) intimacy d) trust

c) intimacy

The two most common types of nutritional deficiencies in developing countries are a lack of protein and _____. a) marasmus b) calcium c) iron d) kwashiorkor

c) iron

Which of the following is a problem with cross-sectional research? a) it tends to be more expensive to conduct than longitudinal research b) it tends to be more time-consuming than longitudinal research c) it yields a correlation, which may be difficult to interpret d) participants tend to drop out of the study

c) it yields a correlation, which may be difficult to interpret

Research has shown that anxiety about death is highest among those who _________. a) are unsure believers or inconsistent participants in religious activities b) believe that they are sinners c) maintain strong religious faith d) are atheist or agnostic

c) maintain strong religious faith

In developing countries ________. a) rates of infant mortality are lower than in developed countries because of more holistic and natural approaches to childbirth b) giving birth is relatively free of risks because of modernization and globalization c) maternal mortality has decreased over the past 30 years d) most pregnant women now have access to modern medical technology

c) maternal mortality has decreased over the past 30 years

Which of the following groups experiences the least overall happiness? a) people who are separated b) people who are widowed c) people in unhappy marriages d) people who are single

c) people in unhappy marriages

Which of the following best describes how sleep patterns change during late adulthood? a) people experience changes in sleep, but these changes are no correlated with psychological problems, such as depression, as they were in earlier parts of the life span b) women in late adulthood often experience sleep apnea, but the disorder is rare among men c) people sleep less deeply than they did when they were younger d) people have fewer sleep problems than they did earlier in their lives because they no longer have the daily stress associated with work and children

c) people sleep less deeply than they did when they were younger

Which of the following statements accurately describes moral development in early childhood? a) Young children inherently know the rules and expectations of their culture without needing to be taught b) children at this age are not yet able to experience empathy c) perspective taking and being able to understand how others think and feel make children more empathic at this age d) socioemotional emotions such as shame and pride first appear

c) perspective taking and being able to understand how others think and feel make children more empathic at this age

In developed countries, fathers would most likely be observed in which of the following activities with their infants or toddlers? a) feeding b) bathing c) playing d) soothing

c) playing

Which behavior would be most characteristic of a child who has been diagnosed with autism? a) preoccupation with looking at faces b) preoccupation with talking to strangers c) preoccupation with repetitive movements d) preoccupation with pointing at objects until others look at them

c) preoccupation with repetitive movements

Which emotion doesn't appear until toddlerhood? a) anger b) fear c) pride d) happiness

c) pride

____________ has/have sometimes yielded dramatic results in slowing the aging process, but with some unpleasant side effects including growth of excess hair, liver damage, and abnormal growth of facial bones. a) DHEA supplements b) calorie restriction for over a year c) regular use of growth hormone d) antioxidant supplement

c) regular use of growth hormone

The emotion that an infant would most likely display latest in development is ________________. a) anger b) disgust c) shame d) fear

c) shame

A married woman from a non-Western, collectivistic culture has been unable to have a child for over 3 years. Which of the following is most likely? a) she will try IVF b) She will have a higher status relative to her husband c) she will be blamed for this "problem" d) she will get a lot of social support from her mother-in-law and father-in-law

c) she will be blamed for this "problem"

Which of the following statements best summarizes the current research on sleep patterns of emerging adults? a) the research showing delayed sleep phase syndrome and sleep debt is based almost exclusively on low-income emerging adults who work full-time, rather than attending college b) the preference of being a morning person versus a night person changed with age due to increase levels of cortisol c) sleep debt has negative consequences for both cognitive and emotional functioning d) students who stayed up all night before exams thought they did worse than their peers who got a full night's sleep

c) sleep debt has negative consequences for both cognitive and emotional functioning

Unlike early hominids, Homo sapiens had____________. a) a slightly smaller brain b) a shorter period of dependency c) smaller jaws d) a narrower pelvis

c) smaller jaws

Based on current research, which is a true statement about media use in emerging adulthood? a) Cross-cultural research has shown that more women than men view pornography on the internet b) in all countries, internet use is higher among adolescents than among emerging adults because increased responsibilities among emerging adults reduce time they can spend online c) social networking profiles are a way for individuals to express their identity d) most emerging adults prefer face-to-face interactions to social contact via the internet, and therefore the use of social networking has decreased in the past few years as the novelty has worn off

c) social networking profiles are a way for individuals to express their identity

Which of the following is true regarding divorce rates? a) divorce is common and rates are similar across all cultures b) rates of divorce are higher among those without because college graduates devote so much time to their careers c) the United States has the highest divorce rate in the world d) rates of divorce are higher among whites than among African Americans

c) the United States has the highest divorce rate in the world

Research on media has shown that _______. a) children are only able to learn to model aggressive behaviors at this age because prosocial behaviors require more advanced cognitive development b) TV can inspire imaginative play among toddlers c) the displacement effect is not longer considered a major problem because of all the media options available d) in the United States, it is rare to have a TV in a young child's bedroom

c) the displacement effect is not longer considered a major problem because of all the media options available

Which of the following is true of emerging adults' health? a) most emerging adults experience an increase susceptibility to physical illness due to the increased stressors associated with this developmental period b) for most sports, the peak age of performance comes during adolescence and athletic abilities begin to decline in the early twenties c) the heart is strong during emerging adulthood and reaction time is faster than at any other time in life d) during emerging adulthood the immune system is weak

c) the heart is strong during emerging adulthood and reaction time is faster than at any other time in life

Compared to his brother in college, Jonah is more likely to think that if he start smoking marijuana, he will be able to quit when he wants to and nothing bad will happen. This way of thinking demonstrates ____________. a) selective attention b) the imaginary audience c) the personal fable d) hypothetical reasoning

c) the personal fable

Research on parenting has found that _______. a) the two main dimensions of parenting are demandingness and strictness b) the outcomes for children of authoritative parents are virtually identical to outcomes for children in permissive parents c) there are bidirectional effects between parents and their children d) children of permissive parents tend to do better in school than children of other parenting styles because they learn to think for themselves

c) there are bidirectional effects between parents and their children

Which statement best describes the results of the International Social Survey Program survey on afterlife beliefs? a) after life beliefs were strongest in European countries b) only a small percentage of Americans believe in life after death c) there was great variability in the proportion of adults responding "definitely yes" to a belief in life after death d) There was great similarity in afterlife beliefs around the world

c) there was great variability in the proportion of adults responding "definitely yes" to a belief in life after death

Marriage appears to be a very important marker of the transition to adulthood in ________. a) the West b) all cultures c) traditional cultures d) no cultures

c) traditional cultures

Which of the following is true about birthing practices? a) In the early 1900s, the intervention of doctors often made the birth process less dangerous because they now had better expertise and medical equipment b) recently, midwifery has seen a revival, and about 50% of births in the United States are assisted by midwifes c) twilight sleep was a drug method used in the early 20th century that promoted dilation of the cervix and resulted in mothers forgetting the events of birth d) in the 1960s, doctors began administering drugs such as ether and chloroform, which offered pain relief without any side effects

c) twilight sleep was a drug method used in the early 20th century that promoted dilation of the cervix and resulted in mothers forgetting the events of birth

Compared to the concrete thinking abilities displayed in childhood, the ability to reason in adolescence _____. a) is not significantly different b) involves more random attempts at problem solving as they persist longer c) utilizes the hypothetical thinking involved in a scientific experiment d) differs quantitatively, but not qualitatively

c) utilizes the hypothetical thinking involved in a scientific experiment

In the United States, girls ________. a) with bulimia are usually about 20% overweight b) who are Asian American are more likely to have eating disorders than are those in other ethnic groups c) who have an eating disorder are also more likely than other females to be depressed d) are more likely than boys to be satisfied with their bodies

c) who have an eating disorder are also more likely than other females to be depressed

In which religion is cremation forbidden? a) Hinduism b) Buddhism c) Protestant d) Islam

d) Islam

If a researcher wanted to measure the socioeconomic status (SES) of her adult participants, she would ask them about which of the following? a) Ethnicity b) Number of Children c) Religion d) Education Level

d) Education Level

Which of the following statements about menopause is true? a) Menopause tends to occur later among women who smoke or who have not given birth b) after menopause, estrogen levels rise c) women's hormone levels remain unchanged until menopause, at which point they drop dramatically d) Japanese women experience less extreme menopausal symptoms than those in other ethnic groups

d) Japanese women experience less extreme menopausal symptoms than those in other ethnic groups

Which is an example of overextension? a) a child saying "I no like peas" b) a child saying "He hitted me with a stick" c) a child saying "The moon looks happy tonight" d) a child calling all dogs "Spot"

d) a child calling all dogs "Spot"

Who has the greatest risk of developing hemophilia, which is an X-linked recessive disorder? a) only Native Americans, due to their unique genetic makeup b) A female who has one X chromosome that contains the gene for this disorder c) Males and females with one X chromosome that contains the gene for the disorder will have equal risk d) a male who has one X chromosome that contains the gene for this disorder

d) a male who has one X chromosome that contains the gene for this disorder

In the West, ___________. a) children are toilet trained in a way that is nearly identical to their counterparts in traditional cultures b) most children show signs of readiness for toilet training by their first birthday c) views on toilet training have remained the same over the last several decades d) a sign of being ready to begin toilet training is when the child can stay "dry" for an hour or two during the day

d) a sign of being ready to begin toilet training is when the child can stay "dry" for an hour or two during the day

_____________ generates hypotheses that can be tested in research. a) the research method b) the research design c) an unbiased sample d) a theory

d) a theory

Rates of overweight and obesity _____. a) are lowest among African American females compared to all other ethnic groups in the United States b) are lowest in the most affluent regions of the world, such as North America and Europe c) are lower among Latinos and Native Americans than among European Americans d) are rising worldwide

d) are rising worldwide

Little Rupert goes to the market with his mother and calls all men he sees "Dada." This is an example of _________. a) a secondary circular reaction b) the A-not-B error c) coordination of secondary schemes d) assimilation

d) assimilation

The key to depth perception is _________. a) the development of intermodal perception b) being able to walk c) the development of the pincer grasp d) binocular vision

d) binocular vision

If Susan learns that her infertility problem is due to a problem with the ___________ successfully implanting, something went wrong during the germinal period. a) fetus b) trophoblast c) zygote d) blastocyst

d) blastocyst

Which of the following best describes the physical changes that take place during early childhood? a) physical development occurs at a more rapid pace than it did in the first 3 years b) cross-cultural comparisons have shown that only genetics play a role in individual differences in height and weight c) girls are slightly taller and heavier than boys d) both boys and girls gain more in weight than in height, but most add more muscle than fat

d) both boys and girls gain more in weight than in height, but most add more muscle than fat

Fertility drugs __________. a) are also known in the medical community as in vitro fertilization b) decrease a woman's chances of having DZ twins c) lead to pregnancy in virtually all women if they take them long enough d) carry risks such as blood clots and kidney damage

d) carry risks such as blood clots and kidney damage

In Western countries, conflict with parents _________________. a) is highest during middle childhood b) steadily increases until the end of emerging adulthood c) remains constant during adolescence d) declines in late adolescence

d) declines in late adolescence

A developmental psychologist would most likely use the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to ____________. a) evaluate the strength of cohort differences b) examine how different environmental experiences affect brain development c) determine whether behavioral differences between males and females become more pronounced in the transition from childhood to adolescence d) examine changes in emotions at various time points

d) examine changes in emotions at various time points

How does motor development change between ages 3 and 6? a) children's fine motor skills have been found to develop at the same rate all over the world b) children's fine motor skills become refined, but their gross motor skills remain the same as they were in toddlerhood c) children develop the same motor skills at the same pace, regardless of gender d) fine motor skill development allows children to become more independent by doing things, such as putting on a coat and using a knife to cut soft foods

d) fine motor skill development allows children to become more independent by doing things, such as putting on a coat and using a knife to cut soft foods

Recent research has shown that maturity of which brain structure during young adulthood reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise? a) temporal lobe b) corpus callosum c) occipital lobe d) frontal cortex

d) frontal cortex

Which of the following is true of grandparents in developed countries? a) grandfathers participate more than grandmothers in recreational and family activities b) European American grandmothers are more likely to be involved in the daily care of their grandchildren compared to other ethnic groups because they have the resources to do so c) grandparents' involvement with their grandchildren is usually based on sense of duty or obligation d) grandparents' involvement with their grandchildren depends partly on their relationship with their children and sons and daughter-in-law

d) grandparents' involvement with their grandchildren depends partly on their relationship with their children and sons and daughter-in-law

American infants _____________. a) are less likely to experience colic than are babies in non-western cultures b) show the same frequency, intensity, and duration of crying as babies from all over the world c) typically experience colic until they are about a year of age d) have been found to cry more than babies from cultures where they are held or carried for much of the day

d) have been found to cry more than babies from cultures where they are held or carried for much of the day

Surita is a midwife in a traditional culture. She is most likely to ____________. a) be childless, so that she is able to devote more time to this work b) be a young woman because she will be able to practice midwifery for longer than her older counterparts c) exclude other relatives from being present to reduce possible contamination d) have spent time as an apprentice to a more experienced midwife

d) have spent time as an apprentice to a more experienced midwife

The aspect of hearing that declines most significantly in midlife is the ability to ___________. a) interpret a whisper b) hear a voice over the telephone c) follow a conversation d) hear high-pitched tones

d) hear high-pitched tones

S.J. is most likely to have DZ twins if _________. a) she has Asian biological parents b) she is in her late teens c) she is concerned about gaining too much weight and severely restricts her calorie intake d) her mother had DZ twins

d) her mother had DZ twins

Where does the developmental life stage of emerging adulthood usually appear? a) in collectivistic cultures b) in developing countries c) in traditional cultures d) in developed countries

d) in developed countries

Which of the following is a common feature of infant social life in most cultures throughout history? a) infants are cared for exclusively by the mothers until they become old enough to walk b) infants spend a lot of their day in the company of their fathers c) infants are often kept away from older adults so that they will be less vulnerable to the spread of disease d) infants are surrounded by others and carried or held almost constantly

d) infants are surrounded by others and carried or held almost constantly

Temperament _____________________. a) has no bearing whatsoever on later development b) has been measured using the same nineteen components across various studies c) has only been assessed using cross-sectional methods d) is considered to have a biological basis

d) is considered to have a biological basis

Postpartum depression _____________. a) has been linked with developmental outcomes for babies, but only among male babies b) is less common among women who have had previous episodes of major depression because they tend to seek preventive treatment c) has a genetic component, and therefore has not been correlated with levels of social support d) is experienced by men as well as by women

d) is experienced by men as well as by women

The United States______________________. a) is expected to have approximately the same proportion of Latinos by 2050, but far fewer African Americans b) has a total fertility rate that is lower than most developed countries due to the availability of birth control c) is the developed country that will experience the steepest decline in population between now and 2050 d) is one of the few developed countries that will experience an increase in population, due largely to immigration

d) is one of the few developed countries that will experience an increase in population, due largely to immigration

Breast feeding _________. a) increase in popularity as formulas came on to the market because the formulas were very expensive and women worried about product quality b) is more common among women from low socioeconomic status groups c) rates have stayed about the same in the United States since the 1940s d) is something both mother and baby are biologically prepared to do

d) is something both mother and baby are biologically prepared to do

Babbling __________________. a) occurs only if the infant can hear b) is found only in infants from the Western Hemisphere c) develops before cooing d) is universal

d) is universal

In both Asian and African cultures, a common theme of conceptions of intelligence is that ____________. a) it is not achieved until you reach late adulthood b) it is based on educational level c) it can only be achieved by those with high SES d) it indicates social elements, as well as cognitive elements such as knowledge

d) it indicates social elements, as well as cognitive elements such as knowledge

A key reason why emotional outbursts decline in early childhood is that children _____. a) at this age are no longer at risk for externalizing problems b) have a more sophisticated theory of mind at this age c) have learned the skill of over-controlling their emotions d) learn strategies for regulating their emotions, in a practice known as effortful control

d) learn strategies for regulating their emotions, in a practice known as effortful control

Arthritis is usually cause by _____________. a) a steep drop in estrogen b) a diet low in protein c) a sedentary lifestyle d) longtime use of the joints

d) longtime use of the joints

Saad, a baby born 6 weeks prematurely, is more at risk of not surviving than Nona, a baby who is full term, because Saad's _________ is/are still immature. a) small intestines b) heart c) spleen d) lungs

d) lungs

One of the findings from the most detailed study of sexual behavior among young adults in the United States was that ___________. a) there were no gender differences in the frequency of orgasm b) women reported more frequent sexual fantasies than their male counterparts c) more than half of young adults from the late twenties to early forties reported more than one sexual partner in the past year d) masturbation continues through the thirties and forties for most men

d) masturbation continues through the thirties and forties for most men

In the initial period following bereavement, grief ________. a) follows a predictable sequence of stages b) manifests itself in anger and aggressive behavior c) subsides and the person begins to resume daily activities d) often involves shock, numbness, and disbelief

d) often involves shock, numbness, and disbelief

John is short for his age and is very coordinated. Although exposed to a variety of activities, none has particularly interested him. His father, who used to wrestle when he was younger, signs John up for wrestling thinking this could be the perfect sport. He convinces John to give it a try and John goes on to become a champion wrestler. This is an example of ____________. a) heritability b) evocative genotype -> environment effects c) active genotype -> environment effects d) passive genotype -> environment effects

d) passive genotype -> environment effects

The one test in the Seattle Longitudinal Study that showed a clear decline from young to middle adulthood was ______________. a) procedural memory b) expertise c) verbal memory d) perceptual speed

d) perceptual speed

Which best describes emotions during late adulthood? a) negative emotions are high due to health issues b) late adults are often severely depressed and isolated c) emotions during this period fluctuate greatly depending on the time of year d) positive emotions are more common in late adulthood than at earlier ages

d) positive emotions are more common in late adulthood than at earlier ages

In late adulthood, religious beliefs are __________. a) weaker than in middle adulthood because many older adults have become disillusioned with organized religion b) strong among Christians, but weak among followers of Eastern religions such as Buddhism c) strongest among Europeans d) positively correlated with both mental and physical health

d) positively correlated with both mental and physical health

____________ shows relatively little decline in late adulthood. a) divided attention b) selective attention c) working memory d) procedural memory

d) procedural memory

Which of the following statements about depression is most accurate? a) boys are more likely than girls to show increases in depressed mood during adolescence b) psychotherapy alone was as effective in treating adolescent depression as psychotherapy combined with medication c) rates of major depressive disorder are higher among adolescents than rates of depressed mood d) rates of depressed mood rise substantially from middle childhood to adolescence

d) rates of depressed mood rise substantially from middle childhood to adolescence

In emerging adulthood, _______________. a) the focus on self-exploration means that individuals are more egocentric than their adolescent counterparts b) there is a sense of optimism about being able to "get where I want to be in life" among those from individualistic cultures, but not for those from collectivistic cultures c) the feeling "in-between" is unique to those in the United States and Canada because emerging adults in other cultures tend to remain at home, rather than moving out d) rates of residential change in American society are much higher at ages 18-29 than at any other period of life

d) rates of residential change in American society are much higher at ages 18-29 than at any other period of life

Sam is unpopular and has trouble making friends. He is aggressive and just last week started a fight by punching a boy who disagreed with him. Which of the following is most likely the case? Same is a(n) ______ child. a) neglected b) controversial c) average d) rejected

d) rejected

During toddlerhood, __________. a) children sleep consistently throughout the night b) naps are no longer needed c) children sleep more than they did in infancy, because they are much more active d) sleeping alone is rare in traditional cultures

d) sleeping alone is rare in traditional cultures

According to Vygotsky, _____ is required for cognitive development. a) formal education b) emotional self-regulation c) strong parent-child attachment d) social interaction

d) social interaction

During the embryonic period ____________. a) the zygote is created b) the blastocyst forms c) the zygote attaches to the uterine wall d) the major organs develop

d) the major organs develop

The earliest sense to develop is _______. a) vision b) hearing c) taste d) touch

d) touch