psy 232 final

Dalton has been diagnosed with Korsakoff's syndrome. What likely caused his disorder? a. He is an alcoholic and has damaged his nervous system such that glucose cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. b. His glial cells are overactive and are damaging healthy neurons. c. He has been exposed to a virus that has now started killing neurons. d. He doesn't have enough thiamine probably as a result of chronic alcoholism.

He doesn't have enough thiamine probably as a result of chronic alcoholism.

Which method is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow? a. PET b. magnetic stimulation c. fMRI d. CAT

PET

What term describes the difference in voltage that typically exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron? a. Shock gradient b. Generator potential c. Resting potential d. Concentration gradient

Resting potential

A normal, healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor muscles of the same leg at the same time. Why not? a. Such coordination is learned through prenatal movement. b. Both muscles are mechanically connected in a way that makes it impossible for both to contract at the same time. c. Both muscles are controlled by branches of the same axon. d. When the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one, inhibitory messages go to the other.

When the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one, inhibitory messages go to the other.

The circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response is called ____. a. a synapse b. extension c. a reflex arc d. flexion

a reflex arc

Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____. a. voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior b. the central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system c. arousal; relaxation d. neurotransmitters; hormones

arousal; relaxation

Which structure is likely to be damaged in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and other conditions that impair movement? a. Limbic system b. Reticular formation c. Basal ganglia d. Thalamus

basal ganglia

Dopamine and norepinephrine are classified as ____. a. purines b. second messengers c. catecholamines d. proteins

catecholamines

The cell bodies of sensory neurons that are in clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord are called ____. a. dorsal root ganglia b. sensory nuclei c. sensory clusters d. ventral root ganglia

dorsal root ganglia

If you were to accidentally touch a hot stove with your hand, you would quickly pull your hand away. The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ____. a. sensory neurons b. intrinsic neurons c. afferent neurons d. efferent neurons

efferent neurons

Most of the brain's excitatory ionotropic synapses release ____ while the inhibitory ionotropic synapses release ____. a. GABA; glutamate b. acetylcholine; GABA c. glutamate; GABA d. acetylcholine; dopamine

glutamate; GABA

Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called ____. a. ventricles b. hydrocephali c. meninges d. CSF

meninges

The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____. a. cell body or soma b. presynaptic terminal c. dendrite d. myelin sheath

myelin sheath

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____. a. neurons and axons b. neurons and glia c. dendrites and axons d. ribosomes and lysosomes

neurons and glia

The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____. a. mitochondrion b. endoplasmic reticulum c. nucleus d. ribosome

nucleus

The "binding problem" is the issue of how we ____. a. convert sensory information into a pattern that produces movement b. transfer information between the left and right hemispheres c. perceive visual, auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object d. communicate between word comprehension and word production areas of the brain

perceive visual, auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object

A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for ____. a. assessing regional blood flow b. placing an electrode in the brain c. testing reflexes d. measuring blood pressure

placing an electrode in the brain

Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____. a. temperature b. mitochondria c. shape d. osmotic pressure

shape

In order to produce an action potential, the collective amount of depolarization must exceed the _____ a. energy required to open the potassium channels b. resting membrane potential c. threshold of excitation d. absolute refractory period

threshold of excitation

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in _____ in the _____ neuron. a. vesicles; presynaptic b. axons; presynaptic c. dendrites; presynaptic d. vesicles; postsynaptic

vesicles; presynaptic