psy 232 final
Dalton has been diagnosed with Korsakoff's syndrome. What likely caused his disorder? a. He is an alcoholic and has damaged his nervous system such that glucose cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. b. His glial cells are overactive and are damaging healthy neurons. c. He has been exposed to a virus that has now started killing neurons. d. He doesn't have enough thiamine probably as a result of chronic alcoholism.
He doesn't have enough thiamine probably as a result of chronic alcoholism.
Which method is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow? a. PET b. magnetic stimulation c. fMRI d. CAT
PET
What term describes the difference in voltage that typically exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron? a. Shock gradient b. Generator potential c. Resting potential d. Concentration gradient
Resting potential
A normal, healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor muscles of the same leg at the same time. Why not? a. Such coordination is learned through prenatal movement. b. Both muscles are mechanically connected in a way that makes it impossible for both to contract at the same time. c. Both muscles are controlled by branches of the same axon. d. When the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one, inhibitory messages go to the other.
When the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one, inhibitory messages go to the other.
The circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response is called ____. a. a synapse b. extension c. a reflex arc d. flexion
a reflex arc
Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____. a. voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior b. the central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system c. arousal; relaxation d. neurotransmitters; hormones
arousal; relaxation
Which structure is likely to be damaged in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and other conditions that impair movement? a. Limbic system b. Reticular formation c. Basal ganglia d. Thalamus
basal ganglia
Dopamine and norepinephrine are classified as ____. a. purines b. second messengers c. catecholamines d. proteins
catecholamines
The cell bodies of sensory neurons that are in clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord are called ____. a. dorsal root ganglia b. sensory nuclei c. sensory clusters d. ventral root ganglia
dorsal root ganglia
If you were to accidentally touch a hot stove with your hand, you would quickly pull your hand away. The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ____. a. sensory neurons b. intrinsic neurons c. afferent neurons d. efferent neurons
efferent neurons
Most of the brain's excitatory ionotropic synapses release ____ while the inhibitory ionotropic synapses release ____. a. GABA; glutamate b. acetylcholine; GABA c. glutamate; GABA d. acetylcholine; dopamine
glutamate; GABA
Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called ____. a. ventricles b. hydrocephali c. meninges d. CSF
meninges
The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____. a. cell body or soma b. presynaptic terminal c. dendrite d. myelin sheath
myelin sheath
The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____. a. neurons and axons b. neurons and glia c. dendrites and axons d. ribosomes and lysosomes
neurons and glia
The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____. a. mitochondrion b. endoplasmic reticulum c. nucleus d. ribosome
nucleus
The "binding problem" is the issue of how we ____. a. convert sensory information into a pattern that produces movement b. transfer information between the left and right hemispheres c. perceive visual, auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object d. communicate between word comprehension and word production areas of the brain
perceive visual, auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object
A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for ____. a. assessing regional blood flow b. placing an electrode in the brain c. testing reflexes d. measuring blood pressure
placing an electrode in the brain
Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____. a. temperature b. mitochondria c. shape d. osmotic pressure
shape
In order to produce an action potential, the collective amount of depolarization must exceed the _____ a. energy required to open the potassium channels b. resting membrane potential c. threshold of excitation d. absolute refractory period
threshold of excitation
Neurotransmitters are typically stored in _____ in the _____ neuron. a. vesicles; presynaptic b. axons; presynaptic c. dendrites; presynaptic d. vesicles; postsynaptic
vesicles; presynaptic