PSY 256 Test 2

Which of the following is not one of the hypotheses scientists accept as a reason why humans maintain a body temperature around 37°C?

A lower temperature would cause the immune system to go out of control.

Hypovolemia induces thirst by the production of which hormone?

Angiotensin II

Which basal ganglia structure(s) is/are important for receiving input from sensory areas of the thalamus and the cerebral cortex?

Caudate nucleus and putamen

The opponent-process theory explains why Dania's dress still looks blue even after she dims the lights.

False

Through what mechanism does insulin affect appetite?

It enables glucose in the blood stream to enter the cells.

Professor Woodby is lecturing about the fovea. Which is she most likely to say?

It has the greatest perception of detail.

Which group would most likely benefit from taking leptin?

Obese people who fail to produce leptin

Melba is one of the unique individuals that has 4 kinds of cones. What is not true about Melba?

She has two forms of the short-wavelength cone.

After damage to the cerebellar cortex, an individual has trouble with which part of the finger-to-nose test?

The initial rapid movement to the nose

Brian's body initiated the stretch reflex. Which is true?

The reflex was initiated because Brian stretched a muscle.

Most mammals at about the age of weaning lose the intestinal enzyme lactase.

True

It is believed that exposure to herbicides and pesticides is ____.

a contributing factor in some cases of Parkinson's disease

Annamae is studying for a quiz on movement. She writes in her notes that _____ muscle type is responsible for the activity of the ______.

cardiac; heart

Meagan is studying for a quiz on the rods and cones. She writes in her notes that _____ are more ______.

cones; sensitive to detail

Homeostasis is to ____ as allostasis is to ____.

constant; variable

A drug that stimulates melanocortin receptors would most likely ____.

decrease meal size

The small intestine ____.

digests proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

After damage to the lateral hypothalamus, animals ____.

eat less

Paz just ate some salty popcorn. Now she is experiencing an increase in the concentration of sodium in her _____.

extracellular fluid

The Decarlos just had a new baby. Their baby is more likely to pay attention to ____ than anything else at this time.

faces

Giving pure dopamine to Parkinson's patients has generally been very successful.

false

The nuclei of the cerebellum (as opposed to the cerebellar cortex) are most important in ____.

holding a finger in a steady position

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a dorsal branch important for ____.

integrating vision with action

A fever ____.

is part of the body's defense against an illness

The role of heredity in late-onset Parkinson's disease ____.

is probably not as great as with early onset Parkinson's disease

Output from the paraventricular nucleus acts on the ____.

lateral hypothalamus

Once information is sent to the secondary visual cortex, it ____.

may return to the primary visual cortex

Watching another person shoot a basketball is most likely to activate ____ neurons in the brain of the person who is watching.

mirror

A motor program is a ____.

movement that, once triggered, continues automatically until its completion

The tendency of water to flow across a semipermeable membrane from the area of low solute concentration to the area of higher concentration is termed ____.

osmotic pressure

Hunger and satiety-sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus affect neurons in the ____, thereby affecting meal size.

paraventricular nucleus

Noella is a makeup artist and is very good at using makeup to create fine details to create a visual effect (ex. making a person look older). As she works, her ______ cells help her to see the details.

parvocellular

Chemicals that release energy when struck by light are called ____.

photo-optics

Clement has the most common form of color vision deficiency and has trouble distinguishing ____ from _____.

red; green

Color and brightness constancy are best explained by the ____ theory of color vision.

retinex

Cells in the prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, and ____ prepare for a movement, sending messages to the primary motor cortex.

supplementary motor cortex

At the level of rods and cones, the ____ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells, the ____ theory seems to fit best.

trichromatic; opponent process

CCK limits meal size.

true

The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the ____.

ventral stream

What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"?

whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location

Lora is sick and has developed a fever. Why might this be helpful for her?

A slight fever activates the immune system and makes it harder for bacteria to survive.

What is one of the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

Difficulty initiating movements

Lynn was developing film in a room with red light. When she came out of the room, everything looked a little green for a while. Which theory explains why this is happening to her?

Opponent-process theory

An increase in the size of meals is most likely to occur following damage to which area of the hypothalamus?

Paraventricular

What is the main site for absorption of digested food into the bloodstream?

Small intestine

People with severe spinal cord injury continue to produce normal activity in the motor cortex when they want to move.

True

The motor cortex can become active when imagining movement.

True

Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water?

Vasopressin

What experience is similar to losing proprioception?

Walking on a leg that has "fallen asleep"

After getting wet, Angelo's dog shook off the water. His dog's behavior depends on ____. Correct!

central pattern generator

A dopamine pill is ineffective for treating Parkinson's disease because it ____.

does not cross the blood-brain barrier

The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the ____.

dorsal stream

Orexin inhibits appetite.

false

Visual information from the lateral geniculate area goes to the ____.

primary visual cortex

A ballistic movement ____.

proceeds automatically once it has been triggered

The motor cortex produces a kind of activity called a(n) ____ before any voluntary movement.

readiness potential

The ____ of any neuron in the visual system is the area of the visual field that excites or inhibits it.

receptive field

A person with visual agnosia is unable to ____.

recognize visual objects

Tori has suffered damage to her magnocellular pathway. Now, she has problems with _____

seeing things in motion

Nu has been riding her bike for several miles. At this point, she is probably relying more on her fast-twitch muscles.

true