Psy 270 Final Exam practice

Mary looks nothing like her mother, but Mary's daughter grows up to look exactly like Mary's mother. In other words, grandmother and granddaughter look alike. The fact that Mary's daughter looks like her (Mary's) mother but she herself doesn't is a good example of the a.fact that we really have no idea of how genes work. b.difference between genotype and phenotype. c.influence of environment on genes. d.diathesis-stress model.

b.difference between genotype and phenotype.

Manuella would respond coolly when her daughter embraced her, but when the child tried to pull away Manuella would say, "Don't you love me anymore?" This is an example of a.a schizophrenogenic mother. b.double-bind communication. c.expressed emotion. d.none of the above

b.double-bind communication.

According to Eric Erikson, people a.are fully developed by age 50. b.experience eight typical developmental crises across time. c.experience no developmental changes after adolescence. d.only experience major change in adulthood.

b.experience eight typical developmental crises across time.

The behavioral process in which OCD patients are not permitted to carry out their compulsions while in the presence of the anxiety producing stimulus or situation is called a.anxiety reduction therapy. b.exposure and ritual prevention. c.behavioral inhibition conditioning. d.thought-stopping technique.

b.exposure and ritual prevention.

Monozygotic twins allow for unique genetic studies because they a.are usually raised in similar ways. b.have identical genes. c.share approximately 50% of the same genes. d.always share the same environment.

b.have identical genes.

Negative cognitive styles are associated with a vulnerability to subsequent depression a.in people who have already been depressed. b.in people in general. c.only in women. d.only in people who are currently depressed.

b.in people in general.

According to your text, it is likely that future users of the DSM will a.eliminate personality disorders altogether. b.incorporate elements of a dimensional approach to personality disorders. c.reduce the number of personality disorders listed. d.emphasize categorical views of personality disorders.

b.incorporate elements of a dimensional approach to personality disorders.

A therapist who believes that a disorder is caused by biological, psychological, and social factors is said to be taking a(n) _____________ approach to understanding psychological disorders: a.applied b.integrative c.practical d.psychoanalytical

b.integrative

Rescorla (1988) demonstrated that simply pairing two events closely in time a.does not allow us to make predictions. b.is not what's important in this type of learning. c.becomes more meaningful as the pairings continue. d.demonstrates the simplicity of classical conditioning.

b.is not what's important in this type of learning.

In regard to the obsessions seen in patients with OCD, the term "need for symmetry" refers to a.accumulation of possessions. b.keeping things in perfect order. c.putting everything on one's right and nothing on the left. d.doing something a number of different ways.

b.keeping things in perfect order.

Persistent depressive disorder (formerly called dysthymia) differs from major depressive disorder because people diagnosed with dysthymia have symptoms of depression that are ________. a.episodic b.longer-lasting c.temporary d.more severe

b.longer-lasting

Patients undergoing the procedure called orgasmic reconditioning are instructed to a.watch video tapes of normal adult sexuality repeatedly until such images result in arousal. b.masturbate to their usual fantasies but to substitute more desirable ones just before ejaculation. c.substitute images of the consequences associated with their behavior (such as getting caught, hurting someone else, etc.) every time they feel aroused by thoughts of their inappropriate desires. d.masturbate to their usual fantasies but substitute images of the consequences associated with their behavior (such as getting caught, hurting someone else, etc.) just before ejaculation.

b.masturbate to their usual fantasies but to substitute more desirable ones just before ejaculation.

Two factors that help regulate our natural sleep/wake cycles are a.light and blood sugar levels. b.melatonin and light. c.melatonin and auditory stimulation. d.melanin and auditory stimulation.

b.melatonin and light.

Bariatric surgery is a.always successful. b.more successful than dieting for the treatment of the very obese. c.less successful than diet for the very obese. d.effective at any weight.

b.more successful than dieting for the treatment of the very obese.

When people experience severe anxiety, they a.don't recognize that the feelings are, in fact, anxiety. b.often know it is irrational, but can't help it c.often experience a break with reality. d.usually are able to just "turn off" those feelings.

b.often know it is irrational, but can't help it

Psychoneuroimmunology focuses on the study of a.physiology, neurons, and immune function. b.psychology, neurological responses, and immune function. c.psychology, nature, and illness. d.physiological numbers and images.

b.psychology, neurological responses, and immune function.

Stressful life events - such as marriage, divorce, familial death, or academic pressures - trigger our vulnerabilities to anxiety. These are examples of a ______________ contribution. a.psychological b.social c.cultural d.biological

b.social

The peripheral nervous system is made up of the __________. a.endocrine system b.somatic and autonomic nervous system c.brain and spinal cord d.brain stem and cortex

b.somatic and autonomic nervous system

One reason that it is difficult to provide a precise diagnosis of premature ejaculation is that a.most men are too ashamed to admit the problem. b.the concept of "too soon" is dependent on the individual and the couple. c.men are often unaware of what is considered "normal." d.women generally are reluctant to tell their partners of the problem.

b.the concept of "too soon" is dependent on the individual and the couple.

The Rorschach test is considered controversial because of all of the following concerns EXCEPT that a.for some time there was no standardized way of administering the test. b.the inkblots have been changed many times since the test was developed. c.there is little or no data regarding its reliability or validity. d.until recently there were no standardized procedures for administering the test.

b.the inkblots have been changed many times since the test was developed.

Research exposing subjects to the virus that causes the common cold (Cohen et al., 1997) demonstrated that a.extent of socialization and chances of contracting a cold were unrelated. b.the lower the individual's socialization, the lower the chances of contracting a cold. c.the quality of social contact predicted whether the individual would contract a cold, but the frequency of social contact did not. d.the greater the individual's socialization, the lower the chances of contracting a cold.

b.the lower the individual's socialization, the lower the chances of contracting a cold.

Marta, a hospitalized schizophrenic patient, shows an unusual form of catatonia. If someone moves one of her arms or legs into a different position, it just stays that way. Marta's bizarre behavior is called ________________. a.aerobic mobility b.waxy flexibility c.postural dysfunction d.schizophrenic movement disorder

b.waxy flexibility

The problem with generating a false negative during an assessment strategy is that the patient a.will be discredited. b.will not receive treatment for an actual disorder. c.will be tired of being tested. d.will receive treatment for a disorder they don't have.

b.will not receive treatment for an actual disorder.

Research suggests that people with GAD worry a.without images to magnify the associated negative affect. b.without images but try to avoid the associated negative affect. c.with images but try to avoid the associated negative affect. d.with images to magnify the associated negative affect.

b.without images but try to avoid the associated negative affect.

Which of the following is an example of the maladaptive, self-defeating type of defensive mechanism that is discussed by your textbook chapter? a. Amnesia b. Sublimation c. A phobia d. A hallucinatory experience

c. A phobia

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. A cold, dominant, and rejecting mother causes schizophrenia. b. A communication style that produces conflicting messages cause schizophrenia. c. High expressed emotion in a family is a good predictor of relapse among chronic schizophrenics. d. None of these

c. High expressed emotion in a family is a good predictor of relapse among chronic schizophrenics.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about factors affecting treatment for PTSD? a. Psychoanalytic therapists help patients to relive emotional trauma through a process called free association. b. Re-exposure to the trauma should be accomplished quickly to assure the best therapeutic response. c. Victims of PTSD often repress the emotional part of their memories of the traumatic event. d. Medications effective for other anxiety disorders are ineffective with PTSD.

c. Victims of PTSD often repress the emotional part of their memories of the traumatic event.

The characteristic features of personality disorders tend to develop with a. rapid onset in adulthood. b. gradual onset in adulthood. c. a chronic pattern with onset in childhood. d. rapid onset in late adolescence.

c. a chronic pattern with onset in childhood.

Phase two of sensate focus involves "genital pleasuring" but prohibits intercourse or orgasm. The main purpose of this stage is to a. allow an individual to communicate his or her desires to the partner. b. change the usual ways that the couple has tried to have sex. c. allow sexual experience without the anxiety of performance. d. provide increased anticipation of intercourse.

c. allow sexual experience without the anxiety of performance.

A paraphilic disorder is defined as a. a sexual dysfunction. b. an attraction to machines. c. an attraction to inappropriate individuals or objects. d. a desire that dominates the personality.

c. an attraction to inappropriate individuals or objects.

Delirium brought on by withdrawal from alcohol or other drugs is generally treated with a. antidepressant medication. b. rest and reassurance. c. antipsychotic medication. d. restraining the patient until the withdrawal symptoms are over.

c. antipsychotic medication.

Recent research suggests that learning and experience a. change the brain through young adulthood. b. change the brain through childhood. c. change the brain at any age. d. only change the brain before birth.

c. change the brain at any age.

The advantage of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is that the researcher can a.counterbalance the research design with additional measures to improve internal and external validity b.conduct a true double-blind experiment. c.determine whether improvements gained with treatment are lost when the treatment is withheld. d.control for the placebo effect.

c. determine whether improvements gained with treatment are lost when the treatment is withheld.

Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, based his theories of conditioning on the results of experiments he conducted on a. pigeons. b. humans. c. dogs. d. rats.

c. dogs.

Sexual problems are difficult to diagnose when a. the couple is sexually inexperienced. b. the couple has been together a long time. c. dysfunction is present but the person is not distressed about it. d. dysfunction is present and the person is distressed about it.

c. dysfunction is present but the person is not distressed about it.

Endogenous opioids have been implicated in a variety of psychopathological conditions including ________________. a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. personality disorders c. eating disorders d. phobias

c. eating disorders

The familial communication style called expressed emotion (EE), sometimes used to predict relapse rates in schizophrenic patients, includes all of the following EXCEPT ___________. a. hostility b. criticism c. emotional distance d. emotional over-involvement

c. emotional distance

Functions of the limbic system include control or regulation of a. body posture, coordinated movement, and involuntary responses such as reflexes and other automatic processes. b. basic body functions such as breathing. c. emotional experiences, expressions, impulse control, and basic drives such as aggression, sex, hunger, and thirst. d. sleep cycles.

c. emotional experiences, expressions, impulse control, and basic drives such as aggression, sex, hunger, and thirst.

In a laboratory research study involving "drug addiction" in animals, it was demonstrated that the positive reinforcing effect of drugs was a. biological only. b. biological, social, and cultural. c. free from social and cultural influences. d. tied to social and cultural influences.

c. free from social and cultural influences.

The research examining the cause of antisocial personality disorder suggests that a. the primary cause is genetics. b. the primary cause is poor parenting. c. genetics and the environment interact to cause the disorder. d. there is no evidence of either a genetic or environmental cause.

c. genetics and the environment interact to cause the disorder.

According to your text, treatment of dependent personality disorder is a. successful when based on systematic desensitization and social skills training. b. well-researched, though no effective treatments have been established. c. not well-researched. d. generally successful with a cognitive-behavioral approach.

c. not well-researched.

Severe internal conflicts that produce a lot of anxiety or other emotions can trigger self-defeating defensive processes or symptoms such as a. suicidal or aggressive symptoms. b. depression or bipolar symptoms. c. phobic or obsessive symptoms. d. acute and posttraumatic stress symptoms.

c. phobic or obsessive symptoms.

Several clinicians interview a patient and use a new diagnostic system to independently provide the same diagnosis. We can say that it appears the new diagnostic system is _______________. a. valid b. neither reliable nor valid c. reliable d. both reliable and valid

c. reliable

All of the following are examples of causes of circadian rhythm sleep disorder EXCEPT ____________ a. shift work b. jet lag c. sleep rebound d. delayed sleep phase

c. sleep rebound

Seriously obese adolescents are most likely to lose weight with a. the use of medications. b. the combination of medications and behavioral treatments. c. the use of behavioral treatments. d. the use of surgery.

c. the use of behavioral treatments.

A young child has thoughts about hating her younger brother and wishing he would die. She becomes very anxious about these thoughts because she has developed the idea that if anything really happened to him, it would be her fault. This pattern of thinking is called _____________. a. neutralizing b. fundamental responsibility c. thought-action fusion d. thought suppression

c. thought-action fusion

The MMPI-2 differs from earlier versions of the MMPI because it a. is less reliable. b. is shorter. c. was normed on a much more diverse sample. d. is normed on a much more selective sample.

c. was normed on a much more diverse sample.

One of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology is that a. we can gain a better appreciation for the virtues of various cultures by examining how psychopathology is viewed by different cultures. b. genetic influences of disorders can be best determined through careful comparison of the different environmental stressors found in various cultures. c. we can understand more about psychopathology by understanding how culture impacts the experience of various disorders. d. the stigma of psychopathology can be removed by understanding that psychopathology exists in all cultures.

c. we can understand more about psychopathology by understanding how culture impacts the experience of various disorders.

In a comprehensive headache treatment program, people who were low users of analgesic medications achieved at least a __________ reduction in headache severity and frequency. a.75% b.99% c.50% d.25%

c.50%

On the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 10, Clark is diagnosed not only with a sexual dysfunction but also with __________________. a.social phobia b.obsessive-compulsive disorder c.Depression d.bipolar disorder

c.Depression

Which of the following is an example of alcohol's effects on brain functioning? a.Clear speech b.Faster reaction time c.Impaired motor coordination d.Improved judgment

c.Impaired motor coordination

During laboratory stress tests, which of the following individuals has been shown to have greater reactivity in their blood pressure? a.Those with very low blood pressure whose parents had low blood pressure b.Those with normal blood pressure whose parents had normal blood pressure c.Those with normal blood pressure whose parents had high blood pressure d.Those with very low blood pressure whose parents had normal blood pressure

c.Those with normal blood pressure whose parents had high blood pressure

Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. This means that in addition to schizophrenic symptoms, she also has symptoms of a.obsessive-compulsive disorder. b.an anxiety disorder. c.a mood disorder. d.a split personality.

c.a mood disorder.

According to your book, controlled drinking is believed to be a.much less efficient than abstinence. b.helpful for everyone. c.a viable alternative to abstinence. d.much more effective than abstinence.

c.a viable alternative to abstinence.

The probability that a person will recover from a major depressive episode within 1 year approaches 90% in _________________. a.severe cases only b.mild cases only c.almost all cases d.double depression only

c.almost all cases

Papaverine and prostaglandin, vasodilating drugs used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, are delivered to the patient a.by injection into the arm or hip. b.in a capsule taken orally. c.by injection directly into the penis. d.as a dietary supplement.

c.by injection directly into the penis.

Nicotine synergism refers to combining nicotine with ____________. a.practice b.expectancies c.contextual cues d.experience

c.contextual cues

Mrs. Pan has an anxiety disorder in which she has occasional panic attacks when shopping at the mall. This type of panic attack is referred to as _______________. a.situationally premeditated b.diathesis-originated c.cued d.uncued

c.cued

In cross-cultural research, the independent or treatment variable is generally the ___________. a.success of the treatment b.disorder c.culture d.method used to treat the disorder

c.culture

Greg often has problems with premature ejaculation. As he becomes more anxious about his problem, the amount of time between initiating intercourse and ejaculation will most likely ___________________. a.remain the same b.depend upon what is making him anxious c.decrease d.increase

c.decrease

Angelina has had difficulty falling asleep for some time. She started taking a prescribed sleeping pill every night for her insomnia. Now, she needs the pill to fall asleep. Without it, she will toss and turn all night, getting little sleep. Angelina is a.dependent and tolerant. b.dependent but not physiologically addicted. c.dependent and not drug abusive. d.dependent and drug abusive.

c.dependent and not drug abusive.

The individual with ASPD on the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD discussed the fact that he a.was always lonely. b.was devoted to his kids. c.didn't start fighting until he was over 21. d.didn't care about himself or his family.

c.didn't start fighting until he was over 21.

One of the major differences between individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is that patients with the personality disorder generally a.have more obsessive thoughts. b.have multiple diagnoses. c.do not have obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. d.show more compulsive and ritualistic behaviors.

c.do not have obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

The community reinforcement approach, a new type of program that has been started to address the problem of substance abuse, includes all of the following components EXCEPT a.a non-substance-abusing relative participates with the alcoholic in relationship improvement sessions. b.suggesting options for new recreational activities to replace previous drug-related activities. c.encouraging the substance abuser to accept that his or her friends may continue to be users but associating with them is still OK. d.assistance with employment, education, finances, or other social service areas is provided to help reduce stress.

c.encouraging the substance abuser to accept that his or her friends may continue to be users but associating with them is still OK.

A boy who consistently behaves in feminine ways is exhibiting a.gender crises. b.gender experimentation. c.gender nonconformity. d.gender non-activation.

c.gender nonconformity.

Amy quickly becomes the center of attention when she enters a room. She is a tall and attractive young woman who generally wears something striking. Amy is known as a flirt and acts in a seductive manner around men. When Amy speaks, she uses very exaggerated terms, even when describing relatively ordinary situations. Amy's diagnosis is most likely _____________ personality disorder. a.narcissistic b.dependent c.histrionic d.borderline

c.histrionic

After the mid 1800s, moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill because a.the number of people available to staff mental hospitals increased. b.new biologically based treatments became available. c.immigrants caused an increase in the mental hospital population. d.the number of patients in mental institutions also declined.

c.immigrants caused an increase in the mental hospital population.

The "object" in the object relations school of thought refers to a.material objects in your home. b.unconscious processes. c.important people in your life. d.natural objects such as trees.

c.important people in your life.

The dependent variable in a research study is the variable that a.forms the most important component of the hypothesis. b.is expected to influence or change the variable being studied. c.is expected to be changed or influenced in the study. d.is the empirical result of the study.

c.is expected to be changed or influenced in the study.

The primary treatment for neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease is a.antidepressant medication such as SSRIs. b.diet and exercise. c.medications such as Cognex or Aricept. d.vitamin B-12 supplements.

c.medications such as Cognex or Aricept.

A researcher studying the effect of a dietary supplement on sleep finds that research participants who take the supplement sleep an average of 7 hours and 25 minutes per night, while participants who were given a placebo pill with no active ingredients in it sleep for an average of 7 hours and 20 minutes. These findings are clearly a.statistically significant. b.clinically significant. c.not clinically significant. d.not valid.

c.not clinically significant.

The symptoms of substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder are generally associated with a.poor diet and self-care behaviors. b.toxic effects of the substances. c.permanent brain damage. d.temporary impairment in brain functioning.

c.permanent brain damage.

In 1989, health professionals in China began a massive antismoking effort in several cities that involved children whose fathers smoked. As part of this effort, all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT a.children wrote letters to their fathers asking them to quit smoking. b.schoolchildren were given antismoking literature and questionnaires to take home to their fathers. c.photos of the fathers who continued smoking were published in the school newspapers. d.children submitted monthly reports on their fathers' smoking habits to their schools.

c.photos of the fathers who continued smoking were published in the school newspapers.

Research suggests that treatments such as individual social skills training and family interventions a.interfere with medication benefits. b.are ineffective at treating schizophrenia. c.reduce schizophrenic relapses. d.cure schizophrenia.

c.reduce schizophrenic relapses.

A possible brain-based explanation for antisocial personality disorder would be a.the absence of fight or flight responses. b.increased behavioral inhibition and decreased reward system activation. c.reduced behavioral inhibition and increased reward system activation. d.brain deterioration.

c.reduced behavioral inhibition and increased reward system activation.

In response to sustained stress, the body goes through several stages that together constitute the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), a concept proposed by researcher Hans Selye. The GAS consists of all the following stages EXCEPT _____________. a.alarm b.exhaustion c.remediation d.resistance

c.remediation

Side effects of the tricyclic antidepressants include _______________. a.weight loss b.excessive urination c.sexual dysfunction d.diarrhea

c.sexual dysfunction

The most accurate description of the correlational model is a.statistical examination of the cause of changes in a dependent variable. b.in-depth examination of many variables associated with a small number of individuals. c.statistical examination of the relationships between variables. d.manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effects on a dependent variable.

c.statistical examination of the relationships between variables.

AIDS is now treated with new combinations of drugs called "highly active antiretroviral therapy" (HAART), which a.are well tolerated and cause minimal side effects. b.cure AIDS by eliminating the virus from the body. c.suppress the virus in people who are HIV positive. d.reduce herpes virus but not HIV cells.

c.suppress the virus in people who are HIV positive.

In the impulse control disorders, the individual feels ____________ prior to carrying out the act. a.angry and aggressive b.spaced out c.tension and anticipation d.relaxed and calm

c.tension and anticipation

In about _____________patients, cyclothymic mood swings develop into full-blown bipolar disorder. a. 10% to 20% b. 25% to 33% c. 50% to 66% d. 33% to 50%

d. 33% to 50%

Which of the following factors contribute to the integrative theory of depression? a. Stressful life events b. Stress hormones c. Neurotransmitter systems d. All of these

d. All of these

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Some people respond well to the newer antipsychotic drugs. b. The newer antipsychotic drugs show promise for helping patients who were previously unresponsive to medications. c. Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were no more effective than the older drugs. d. All of these

d. All of these

Which of the following are problems associated with the medications used to treat neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease? a. Abilities only improve to the same point where they were 6 months prior to treatment. b. Any gains in ability are temporary. c. Many patients discontinue medication because of severe side effects and expense. d. All of these are significant problems with the medications used to treat neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease.

d. All of these are significant problems with the medications used to treat neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following people would make a good candidate for a behavioral assessment? a. A very verbal adult b. A young child c. A person with a cognitive deficit d. Both b and c

d. Both b and c

The correct pairing of the names, causes, and symptoms of two types of organic brain syndromes that may result from chronic, long-term alcohol abuse are a. Fetal alcohol syndrome - loss of intellectual abilities caused by the toxic effects of alcohol on the adult brain. b. dementia - confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech caused by the toxic effects of alcohol on the brain. c. dementia - loss of intellectual abilities caused by a deficiency of the vitamin called thiamine. d. Broca's disease - confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech caused by a deficiency of the vitamin called thiamine.

d. Broca's disease - confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech caused by a deficiency of the vitamin called thiamine.

In what way is worry not useful? a. It helps us plan for the future. b. It makes sure we are prepared for a task. c. It makes us double check that we have thought of everything before leaving on a trip. d. It ensures that we respond appropriately to fear-inducing events.

d. It ensures that we respond appropriately to fear-inducing events.

Which of the following drugs received FDA approval in 1999 as a treatment for social phobia? a. Zoloft b. Prozac c. Phenelzine d. Paxil

d. Paxil

One model of learning predicts that the following boy might grow up to be a voyeur: a. Tim, whose father is a voyeur. b. Joe, who watches a lot of pornography. c. Jim, who thinks it's funny to spy on people. d. Sid, who masturbates while peeping at his neighbor.

d. Sid, who masturbates while peeping at his neighbor.

According to the most recent research, which of the following statements is TRUE concerning ethnic background and the development of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease? a. Educated European ethnic groups have a lower rate of getting the disease. b. Native Americans have a slightly higher rate of the disorder. c. Japanese, Nigerian, and Amish individuals have lower prevalence of the disorder. d. The illness is found in roughly the same numbers across all ethnic groups.

d. The illness is found in roughly the same numbers across all ethnic groups.

Extremely low activity levels of serotonin are associated with ___________. a. mania b. schizophrenia c. anxiety disorders and general feelings of nervousness d. aggression, suicide, and impulsive behavior

d. aggression, suicide, and impulsive behavior

Intersexuality refers to people who a. are no longer sexually active. b. like to dress like the opposite sex. c. are sexually attracted to members of both sexes. d. are born with ambiguous genitals

d. are born with ambiguous genitals

The definitive diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease can currently be made based on solely on ______________. a. brain scans b. cognitive testing c. behavioral analysis d. autopsy results

d. autopsy results

When a person has major neurocognitive disorder, he or she may also experience delusions, depression, agitation, aggression, and/or apathy, all of which are due to a. progressive deterioration of brain functioning. b. frustration experienced by these patients as they lose their cognitive abilities. c. neither of these d. both of these

d. both of these

The cause of most cognitive disorders is ______________. a. medication side effects b. alcohol/substances c. the normal process of aging d. brain dysfunction

d. brain dysfunction

The ability to plan, think, reason, and create is located in the part of the brain called the _________. a. brain stem b. thalamus c. midbrain d. cerebral cortex

d. cerebral cortex

If the short version of a test yields the same results as a longer version, then you could conclude that the brief version had _________ validity. a. divergent b. excessive c. predictive d. concurrent

d. concurrent

A researcher separates participants into two groups. Group A receives an active medication, and Group B receives an empty capsule that looks and feels like the real medication. Group B is the ______ group. a. treatment b. analog c. experimental d. control

d. control

Toward the end of the 19th century, Emil Kraeplin, studying the disorder we now call schizophrenia, used the term ________________ because he observed that the onset of symptoms often occurred before adulthood. a. catatonia previa b. folie à deux c. adolescent insanity d. dementia praecox

d. dementia praecox

Sensate focus and non-demand pleasuring were designed by Masters and Johnson to treat sexual dysfunctions primarily through a. identifying medical conditions that contribute to sexual dysfunction. b. involving an objective third party. c. improving a couple's sexual skills. d. elimination of psychologically-based performance anxiety.

d. elimination of psychologically-based performance anxiety.

A researcher manipulates an independent variable and observes the effects on a dependent variable in a(n) a. epidemiological study. b. correlational study. c. analog study. d. experiment.

d. experiment.

A woman diagnosed as schizophrenic announces that she has a plan to end poverty and homelessness in the world and that the Pope has given her secret instructions on how this can be accomplished. Her thinking is indicative of a delusion of _________. a. persecution b. thought insertion c. reference d. grandeur

d. grandeur

Your friend has trouble making commitments in relationships. You believe that this is because her parents had a bitter divorce when she was young. Your belief that a child who lives through a bitter parental divorce will have trouble making commitments in relationships as an adult would be considered a(n) _________. a. applied theory b. independent variable c. empirical conclusion d. hypothesis

d. hypothesis

When studying family functioning, it has been observed that marital discord often increases as child behavior problems increase in the family. Using the correlational model, a. it is possible to determine whether marital problems cause child behavior problems or whether child behavior problems cause marital problems, but it is not possible to determine whether both may be true. b. it is possible to determine whether any or all observed effects may be causing changes on any of the variables being studied. c. it is possible to determine that marital problems generally cause child behavior problems. d. it is not possible to determine whether marital discord causes child behavior problems, whether child behavior problems cause marital discord, or whether both may be true.

d. it is not possible to determine whether marital discord causes child behavior problems, whether child behavior problems cause marital discord, or whether both may be true.

In order to develop useful standards for a test, it is important to use a normative group that consists of a a. small group of people who are very similar to each other. b. small group that differs from the population at large. c. large group of people who all share a key characteristic. d. large group of very diverse people.

d. large group of very diverse people.

Inappropriate sexual arousal (e.g., fetishism) appears to be learned through a. poor social skills. b. exposure to pornography. c. social "scripts" that are transferred from one generation to the next. d. masturbatory fantasies about the object.

d. masturbatory fantasies about the object.

Recent evidence regarding the genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that a. genes that influence psychopathology are usually recessive. b. single genes are usually responsible for psychological disorders. c. there is no evidence that genes influence psychopathology. d. multiple genes interact, with each gene contributing a small effect.

d. multiple genes interact, with each gene contributing a small effect.

In a study involving the sons of alcoholics who were at high risk themselves for developing alcoholism, it was found that a. they were less sensitive to the positive effects of alcohol when it was first ingested. b. they were more sensitive to the negative effects of alcohol after a few hours. c. both of these d. neither of these

d. neither of these

Health psychology, a subfield of behavioral medicine, focuses on all of the following EXCEPT a.improvements in healthcare systems. b.health policy formation. c.promotion and maintenance of health. d. psychosomatic effects on health.

d. psychosomatic effects on health.

Shaping a behavior in operant conditioning refers to a. punishing everything except the desired behavior. b. ignoring everything but the desired behavior. c. rewarding any behavior that comes close to the desired behavior. d. rewarding successive approximations to the desired behavior.

d. rewarding successive approximations to the desired behavior.

The neurotransmitter associated with regulation of mood, behavior, and thought processes is ______. a. GABA b. norepinephrine c. dopamine d. serotonin

d. serotonin

Recent research suggests that a.the suppression of neurogenesis in the hippocampus is due to the connection between high stress hormones and depression. b.low hippocampal volume may precede and contribute to the onset of depression c.electroconvulsive therapy seems to produce neurogenesis in the hippocampus d.All of the above

d.All of the above

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a.Overwhelming evidence suggests mood disorders are familial and reflect an underlying genetic vulnerability. b.Studies are now beginning to identify a small group of genes that may contribute to genetic vulnerability to some types of depression. c.The genetic contribution to depression falls in the range of approximately 40% for females and 20% for males. d.All of the above

d.All of the above

Which of the following are problems associated with the medications used to treat neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease? a.Abilities only improve to the same point where they were 6 months prior to treatment. b.Any gains in ability are temporary. c.Many patients discontinue medication because of severe side effects and expense. d.All of these are significant problems with the medications used to treat neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease.

d.All of these are significant problems with the medications used to treat neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about individuals with an eating disorder? a.They have a diminished sense of personal control. b.They may manifest as strikingly low self-esteem. c.They display more perfectionistic attitudes. d.All of these statements tend ot be accurate.

d.All of these statements tend ot be accurate.

A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for the treatment of bulimia nervosa indicates that one year after treatment, a.Neither therapy was successful at helping clients improve. b.IPT was superior to CBT. c.CBT and IPT had equivalent rates of helping clients improve. d.CBT was superior to IPT.

d.CBT was superior to IPT.

Which of the following individuals has the greatest risk of developing neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease? a.Rena, who completed college although she has an average IQ. b.Jason, who is extremely bright but never finished college. c.Paul, who is wealthy and well educated. d.Carrie, who dropped out of school when she was very young.

d.Carrie, who dropped out of school when she was very young.

The idea that psychological disorders could be classified based on their symptoms, onset, time course, and cause is attributed to a.Anton Mesner. b.John Grey. c.Dorothea Dix. d.Emil Kraepelin.

d.Emil Kraepelin.

Based on your knowledge of recent research studies, which of the following people would you predict is LEAST likely to catch a cold following exposure to the virus? a.Judy, a very assertive individual who frequently says exactly what's on her mind b.Marilyn, a very compulsive person who likes to point out other people's mistakes c.Mike, a very intelligent student who understands complex information and concepts d.Karen, a very sociable woman who has many good friends

d.Karen, a very sociable woman who has many good friends

Which of the following is an accurate statement about panic disorder? a.Approximately 75% of those with agoraphobia are male. b.An individual who suffers through an agoraphobic situation rather than avoiding it entirely is not considered agoraphobic. c.Women are more likely than men to cope with panic disorder by drinking alcohol. d.Most individuals with panic disorder will also avoid internal sensations that produce physiological arousal.

d.Most individuals with panic disorder will also avoid internal sensations that produce physiological arousal.

Which of the following is used for a definitive diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease? a.Psychological testing b.A mental status exam c.Reported observations of the patient by family members d.None of the above

d.None of the above

Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a benzodiazepine? a.Ativan b.Valium c.Xanax d.Seconal

d.Seconal

What significant side effect is experienced by as many as 30% of Viagra users? a.Dizziness b.Groin pain c.Addiction d.Severe headache

d.Severe headache

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to deception of research participants? a.The researcher must tell the participants about the deception after the study. b.It is not allowed under any circumstances. c.The researcher need only tell the participants about the deception if not telling them would place the participants in any harm. d.The researcher must obtain approval of the procedure from a special national review board.

d.The researcher must obtain approval of the procedure from a special national review board.

Which of the following is NOT correlated with schizophrenia? a.Pregnancy complications b.Delivery complications c.Fetal exposure to viral infection d.Viral exposure as a toddler

d.Viral exposure as a toddler

The MMPI-A, a new version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, has been developed specifically for testing ____________. a.children with ADHD b.adults c.children with autism d.adolescents

d.adolescents

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that a.it enables a clinician to see predictable and orderly changes related to where and when treatment is used. b.it does not require withdrawal of treatment. c.it resembles the way treatment would naturally be implemented. d.all of the above

d.all of the above

Endophenotyping refers to looking for a.a gene or genes that cause the symptoms or behaviors of schizophrenia. b.basic processes that contribute to symptoms of the disorder. c.basic processes that contribute to behaviors of schizophrenia. d.all of the above

d.all of the above

Sexual dysfunction can be a(n) _______________ condition. a.lifelong b.acquired c.situational d.all of the above

d.all of the above

Benzodiazepine medication is not recommended as a long-term solution for the treatment of insomnia because of a.the addictive properties of these medications. b.rebound insomnia that occurs after the medication is discontinued. c.excessive sleepiness that may persist during the day. d.all of these

d.all of these

You have been asked to give a report on the mental hygiene movement and its foremost crusader Dorothea Dix, who campaigned for more humane treatment of the insane. After mentioning all of her accomplishments, you note the unforeseen consequence of her efforts, namely, a.more patients receiving psychotherapy and fewer receiving medication. b.a decrease in the number of mental patients in institutions, forcing many to close. c.a change from custodial care to moral therapy for institutionalized patients. d.an increase in the number of mental patients, resulting in insufficient staff to care for them.

d.an increase in the number of mental patients, resulting in insufficient staff to care for them.

A person who eats and sleeps too much is experiencing a depressive episode with __________ features. a.chronic b.melancholic c.catatonic d.atypical

d.atypical

Of the following, the group in which we would expect to see the highest incidence of anorexia nervosa is a.female body builders. b.male homosexuals. c.female track stars. d.ballet dancers.

d.ballet dancers.

The most significant feature of bulimia nervosa is ____________. a.overeating b.overeating followed by an urge to vomit c.purging d.binge eating followed by compensatory behavior

d.binge eating followed by compensatory behavior

Research has shown that increased levels of cortisol in response to stress may cause damage to parts of the _________________. a.lungs b.skeletal system c.stomach d.brain

d.brain

If a match is found between the inheritance of a disorder and a genetic marker, the genes for both are probably a.on different chromosomes. b.on different ends of the same chromosome. c.identical. d.close together on the same chromosome.

d.close together on the same chromosome.

An adult diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder is most likely to have met the criteria for _____________ as a child. a.a developmental disability b.learning disabled c.autistic disorder d.conduct disorder

d.conduct disorder

Studies of pain suggest that people who are optimistic a.use wishful thinking to manage. b.avoid treatment. c.use denial to cope. d.deal with pain directly.

d.deal with pain directly.

Regarding the research on socialization and health, the safest conclusion is that a.having a supportive group of people around us is important to our psychological well-being but not our physical health. b.having a supportive group of people around us is important to our physical health but not our psychological well-being. c.social support is important but mostly for those individuals who are at high risk for various physical or psychological disorders. d.having a supportive group of people around us is one of the most important parts of maintaining our physical and mental health.

d.having a supportive group of people around us is one of the most important parts of maintaining our physical and mental health.

Determining mood and affect is an important part of the mental status exam. Although both of these terms refer to feeling states of the individual, it would be correct to say that affect is more _____________ than mood. a.stable b.severe c.problematic d.immediate

d.immediate

In ancient Greece, "humoral excesses" thought to be causing psychological disorders were treated by a.herbal remedies. b.decreasing both caloric and liquid intake. c.lowering the person's body temperature for extended periods of time. d.increasing or decreasing the person's exposure to heat, dryness, moisture, or cold.

d.increasing or decreasing the person's exposure to heat, dryness, moisture, or cold.

One of the attempts at improving patient compliance in regard to taking antipsychotic medication involves the use of ____________. a.liquids b.skin patches c.pills d.injectable medications

d.injectable medications

Studies suggest that parents can protect their child from anxiety if they a.teach independence by ignoring the child's needs. b.never let them experience adversity. c.cope for the child as much as possible. d.let children explore the world and deal with the unexpected.

d.let children explore the world and deal with the unexpected.

A relative of yours has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Your family is impressed when you mention that the preferred drug for this condition is ________. a.St. John's Wort b.Prozac c.an anticonvulsant d.lithium

d.lithium

Somatic symptom disorders, a current DSM-5 classification that evolved from the concept of "hysteria," affect a.men only b.children only. c.women only. d.men or women.

d.men or women.

Anxious males tend to have a higher rate of alcoholism than females. One likely explanation for this difference is that men are a.more likely to see alcohol as a good long-term solution to problems such as anxiety. b.less likely to be fearful of becoming alcoholic. c.exposed to alcohol more often than women are. d.more likely to use alcohol to deal with anxiety than to admit they are afraid.

d.more likely to use alcohol to deal with anxiety than to admit they are afraid.

All of the following are types of neurocognitive disorder EXCEPT a.neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease. b.vascular neurocognitive disorder. c.substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder. d.neurocognitive disorder due to mononucleosis.

d.neurocognitive disorder due to mononucleosis.

The likely future course of a disorder is called its ____________. a.diagnosis b.etiology c.inference d.prognosis

d.prognosis

A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the longest-lasting benefits. Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication, you tell your relative to first try a.the drug imipramine. b.any available treatment since patients in all treatment conditions achieved the same long-lasting gains. c.psychological treatment along with medication. d.psychological treatment that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

d.psychological treatment that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

Alcoholism and substance abuse, previously considered a ________________, is now conceptualized by many as a disease. a.schizophrenic-like behavioral pattern b.type of dependent personality disorder c.hysterical conversion syndrome d.sociopathic personality disturbance

d.sociopathic personality disturbance

A therapist using person-centered therapy is likely to a.analyze the client's dreams. b.be very directive with clients. c.emphasize the consequences of the client's actions. d.take a passive role in any interactions.

d.take a passive role in any interactions.

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a.pathological dishonesty. b.obsession with keeping things neat and orderly. c.preoccupation with other people. d.thinking of oneself as deserving of special treatment.

d.thinking of oneself as deserving of special treatment.

A genotype is defined as an individual's a.hidden characteristics. b.observable features and behavior. c.recessive genes. d.unique genetic makeup.

d.unique genetic makeup.

Approximately ___ of anorexia nervosa deaths are due to suicide. a. 20-30% b. 40-45% c. 5-10% d. 10-15%

a. 20-30%

According to your textbook, what is the percentage of women who successfully overcome vaginismus? a. 80% to 100% b. 50% to 75% c. 30% to 45% d. Less than 30%

a. 80% to 100%

Which of the following statements is TRUE about borderline personality disorder? a. Emotional dysfunction is one of the best predictors of suicide in this group. b. Long-term outcomes are discouraging, with many relapsing within five years c. A high number, almost 12%, succeed at suicide. d. It is observed in every culture and seen in about 5% of the population.

a. Emotional dysfunction is one of the best predictors of suicide in this group.

Which of the following genetic factors does NOT contribute to obesity? a. Fat cell shape b. Activity levels c. Number of fat cells d. Likelihood of fat storage

a. Fat cell shape

Which of the following is NOT associated with the humanistic theories of Carl Rogers? a. Hierarchy of needs b. Person-centered therapy c. Empathy d. Unconditional positive regard

a. Hierarchy of needs

The comprehensive system for administering and scoring the Rorschach inkblot test was developed because a. a lack of standardized procedures affects the way the test taker responds to the questions. b. the previous scoring system was found to be difficult and time-consuming. c. it was discovered that inter-rater reliability had increased significantly. d. Hermann Rorschach was dissatisfied with the way his test was being given.

a. a lack of standardized procedures affects the way the test taker responds to the questions.

At this point, the human genome project has been successful in producing a. a rough draft of the mapping of all human genes. b. some success in mapping the structure of human genes, but little success in mapping gene locations. c. little if any success in mapping the structure and location of human genes. d. a complete listing of each human gene and its function.

a. a rough draft of the mapping of all human genes.

During the interview with Chuck ("Abnormal Psychology Live" CD), he stated that he experienced obsessive thoughts a. all the time. b. only when he was stressed. c. several times a day. d. hardly ever.

a. all the time.

Based on Hippocrates' humoral theory, "sanguine" describes a person who is ________. a. cheerful b. humorous c. pessimistic d. pale

a. cheerful

The less severe but more chronic version of bipolar disorder is called __________ disorder. a. cyclothymic b. seasonal affective c. dysphoric d. bipolar III

a. cyclothymic

The drug called Antabuse helps people abstain from drinking alcohol by a. disrupting breakdown of a byproduct of alcohol, leading to feelings of illness. b. making people allergic to alcohol. c. causing alcoholic drinks to taste bitter. d. reducing the pleasurable feelings that are associated with alcohol.

a. disrupting breakdown of a byproduct of alcohol, leading to feelings of illness.

An individual presents for treatment and keeps talking about how gangsters are "out to get him." Before diagnosing paranoid personality disorder, we must determine whether a. his fears are justified. b. his family life is stable. c. he has ever been in trouble with the law. d. he avoids socialization.

a. his fears are justified.

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of a. inherited characteristics other than the disorder. b. inherited tendencies to behave in a specific manner. c. shared environments. d. family history.

a. inherited characteristics other than the disorder.

Candace believes that no matter how hard she studies, she will never succeed in college. This behavior can best be explained by _______________. a. learned helplessness b. personality disorder c. internal conflicts d. faulty neurotransmitter circuits

a. learned helplessness

In a mental status exam, a psychologist evaluates an individual's thought processes by a. listening to what the person says. b. asking the person to read aloud. c. evaluating the person's dreams. d. reading what the person has written.

a. listening to what the person says.

In the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 15, the Alzheimer's patient named Tom was shown to be _________________. a. memory impaired b. mute c. angry and aggressive d. delusional

a. memory impaired

In the Stroop color naming paradigm, a patient with a blood phobia would be expected to name the color of the printed word "wound" a. more slowly than a neutral word. b. in about the same time it takes to name the color of a neutral word. c. with a great deal of difficulty or not at all. d. more quickly than a neutral word.

a. more slowly than a neutral word.

In the first interview with Frank, a patient described in the textbook, he stated that he had been having intrusive thoughts that he tried to prevent by performing certain movements. Based on this information, you might predict that Frank would be diagnosed with _____________. a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. a personality disorder c. major depressive disorder d. schizophrenia

a. obsessive-compulsive disorder

In family studies, scientists simply examine a behavioral pattern or emotional trait in the context of the family. The member with the trait singled out for study is called the ______. a. proband b. prototype c. sibling d. genetic marker

a. proband

The most successful weight loss programs are a. professionally directed behavior modification programs. b. self-directed diet plans based on diet books. c. hypnosis-based plans. d. commercial self-help plans that limit carbohydrates or calories.

a. professionally directed behavior modification programs.

Actions, or sometimes thoughts, that an individual with OCD uses to reduce anxiety are called ______. a. rituals b. operants c. habits d. fixations

a. rituals

The melancholic specifiers for depressive disorders include all of the following EXCEPT a. sleeping late and hypersomnia. b. loss of libido (sex drive). c. weight loss. d. anhedonia.

a. sleeping late and hypersomnia.

In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological disorders, Freud discovered a. that it is therapeutic to recall and relive emotionally traumatic events. b. the existence of conscious memories. c. that hypnosis was less effective than mesmerism. d. that patients are unable to process emotionally charged information.

a. that it is therapeutic to recall and relive emotionally traumatic events.

You are told about a child who has shown behavior consistent with "separation anxiety." In order to determine if the child actually has a disorder or whether the behavior is normal, you would first need to know a. the child's age. b. whether the child is a boy or a girl. c. if other family members have anxiety disorders. d. how long the child has shown this behavior.

a. the child's age.

Internal validity is defined as a. the extent to which the results in a study can be explained by the independent variable. b. the degree to which the hypothesis is supported by the study. c. the overall quality of the research. d. the extent to which the results of a study can be explained by the dependent variable.

a. the extent to which the results in a study can be explained by the independent variable.

Anton Mesmer, an early 18th century physician, purported to cure patients by unblocking their flow of a bodily fluid he called "animal magnetism." In fact, any effectiveness of his methods was actually due to. a. the power of suggestion. b. undetectable magnetic fields. c. chemically induced humoral balance. d. mental telepathy.

a. the power of suggestion.

Although the two halves of the cortex look alike structurally, the left hemisphere seems to be chiefly responsible for a. verbal and other cognitive processes. b. motor coordination. c. creating images. d. perceiving the world around us.

a. verbal and other cognitive processes.

The most recent estimates are that genetics contribute approximately __________ to the development of personality characteristics such as shyness or activity level. a.30-50% b.75-85% c.nothing d.10-20%

a.30-50%

Which of the following is an example of the maladaptive, self-defeating type of defensive mechanism that is discussed by your textbook chapter? a.A phobia b.Amnesia c.Sublimation d.A hallucinatory experience

a.A phobia

Four-year-old Roberto is very aggressive toward his peers, which results in poor peer relationships. A psychologist has been asked to assess Roberto's aggressiveness and determine if he needs intervention. The psychologist would probably do what type of assessment? a.Behavioral b.Cognitive c.Projective d.General

a.Behavioral

Casey is an outgoing, happy-go-lucky, outwardly social individual, whereas Samantha is shy, somewhat withdrawn, and quiet. These two individuals represent which of Jung's concepts? a.Extraversion/introversion b.Collective unconscious/personal unconscious c.Superiority/inferiority d.Archetypal son/archetypal daughter

a.Extraversion/introversion

In addition to MRI, PET, and CT, other brain-imaging techniques are currently in use or are now being developed. Which of the following is one of these newer neuroimaging techniques? a.SPECT b.EMG c.TMS d.EEG

a.SPECT

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of panic attack? a.Situation inevitable b.Cued c.Unexpected d.Expected

a.Situation inevitable

Obesity is the major factor in ____________. a.Type 2 diabetes b.anorexia nervosa c.Type 1 diabetes d.bulimia nervosa

a.Type 2 diabetes

Research has found that low serotonin levels may be implicated in suicidal behavior because they affect all of the following EXCEPT _______. a.agnosia b.instability c.overreactivity d.impulsivity

a.agnosia

A healthy adult at rest is most likely to show an EEG pattern characterized by a high level of _____________. a.alpha waves b.delta waves c.irregular d.critical waves

a.alpha waves

The definition of fetishistic disorder is sexual _______________. a.attraction to nonliving objects b.dysfunction c.attraction to inappropriate individuals d.desire that dominates the personality

a.attraction to nonliving objects

Adolescents tend to shift toward a a.biologically determined later sleep schedule. b.biologically determined earlier sleep schedule. c.culturally determined later sleep schedule. d.culturally determined earlier sleep schedule.

a.biologically determined later sleep schedule.

Mark was diagnosed with schizophrenia many years ago. Most recently, he has been exhibiting some bizarre behaviors. For example, he stands for hours in unusual postures. Mark's motor dysfunction is called __________________. a.catatonic immobility b.hebephrenia c.cognitive slippage d.inappropriate affect

a.catatonic immobility

Criminal behavior by individuals with antisocial personality disorder tends to ______ after the age of 40. a.decrease b.increase in frequency but decrease in severity c.increase d.decrease in frequency but increase in severity

a.decrease

Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive episodes. In the intervals between the episodes, he does not seem to return to "normal." In fact, during those periods, he has been diagnosed as suffering from persistent depressive disorder. Jack's condition is referred to as _______________. a.double depression b.atypical depression c.bipolar disorder d.dysfunctional dysthymia

a.double depression

In the 1850s, a French physician named Benedict Morel used the terms demence (loss of mind) precoce (early, premature) to describe what we now know as schizophrenia because he observed that the onset of symptoms often occurs a.during adolescence. b.in the early part of the year. c.in the morning. d.prior to symptoms of other mental illnesses.

a.during adolescence.

Interpersonal psychotherapy deals with all of the following interpersonal problems EXCEPT a.environmental interactions. b.interpersonal role disputes. c.acquiring new relationships. d.identification and correction of deficits in social skills.

a.environmental interactions.

Political strife, war, and suffering in a country tend to ___________ the rate of psychological disorders in the country. a.increase b.have little effect on c.have unpredictable effects on d.decrease

a.increase

Chronic use of pain medications to treat headaches a.is associated with decreased pain initially, but is followed by rebound pain. b.an increase in short- and long-term pain. c.decreased pain in the long run. d.decreases the efficacy of comprehensive programs to treat headaches.

a.is associated with decreased pain initially, but is followed by rebound pain.

Studies suggest that in comparison to other girls and boys, girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia are _____________. a.more masculine b.smarter c.more feminine d.smaller

a.more masculine

Traditionally, delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorders were categorized as a.organic and then cognitive disorders. b.resulting from complications of birth. c.as temporary conditions. d.part of the normal aging process.

a.organic and then cognitive disorders.

The language barrier of refugees from other countries and people with hearing impairments may make these individuals particularly susceptible to ________ personality disorder. a.paranoid b.schizotypal c.histrionic d.schizoid

a.paranoid

In a mental status exam, it is important to determine if the individual's sensorium is clear and if he/she is "oriented times three." This refers to a.person, place, and time. b.ability to follow directions. c.day, month, and year of birth. d.spatial orientation.

a.person, place, and time.

One of the most unreliable categories in current classification is in the area of _____________. a.personality disorders b.mood disorders c.anxiety disorders d.schizophrenia

a.personality disorders

Research suggests that the combination of medications, therapy, and social skills treatment in schizotypal personality disorders a.reduces symptoms or delays later development of schizophrenia. b.alters symptoms of schizophrenia. c.is unrelated to schizophrenia risk. d.increases chances of later development of schizophrenia.

a.reduces symptoms or delays later development of schizophrenia.

Sleep studies suggest that around 28% of Americans a.report feeling excessively sleepy during the day. b.have insomnia. c.need less than 5 hours of sleep a night. d.get more than 6 hours of sleep a night.

a.report feeling excessively sleepy during the day.

Cross-fostering studies indicate that the environmental effects of early parenting a.seem to override any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress. b.had random effects on any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress. c.had no effect on any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress. d.had no effect on future generations in the expression of personality traits or temperament.

a.seem to override any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress.

In the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 9, the man with HIV is no longer able to a.walk without a cane. b.speak intelligibly. c.write (cannot hold a pen or pencil). d.read without a magnifying glass.

a.walk without a cane.

Richard, the patient with OCD described in the textbook, was compelled to take very small steps as he walked and to look back repeatedly. As with other types of checking compulsions, Richard was trying to a.ward off an imagined disaster. b.reduce the possibility of contamination. c.make sure he didn't make a mistake. d.restore a sense of safety and control.

a.ward off an imagined disaster.

The American Psychiatric Association defines substance abuse in terms of a.whether or not the substance interferes with the person's life. b.the type and intensity of the substance abuser's biological reaction. c.how drunk or intoxicated a person gets after ingesting a psychoactive substance. d.which drug is used and whether it is legal or illegal.

a.whether or not the substance interferes with the person's life.

In the massive antismoking campaign in China in 1989, the results indicated that _________ of the 10,000 fathers in the intervention group quit smoking for at least six months in comparison to a control group of 10,000 in which only ________ quit smoking. a. 22%; 2.2% b. 12%; 0.2% c. 50%; 25% d. 1%; 0.1%

b. 12%; 0.2%

All of the following statements about sex reassignment surgery are true EXCEPT a. 2% attempt suicide after surgery. b. 15% later regret surgery. c. transmen generally report better post-surgical adjustment than transwomen. d. all of the above are true.

b. 15% later regret surgery.

What percentage of deaths that are attributed to the top ten causes of death in the US can be traced to lifestyle choices? a. 25% b. 50% c. 10% d. 75%

b. 50%

In terms of psychological assessment, which of the following describes the concept of validity? a. An assessment technique is consistent across different measures b. An assessment technique measures what it is designed to measure c. Two or more "raters" get the same answers d. Scores are used as a norm for comparison purposes

b. An assessment technique measures what it is designed to measure

Research studies focusing on genetic factors in schizophrenia have found that a. In family studies of schizophrenia, the genetic influence can be separated from the environmental impact. b. An individual with a schizophrenic identical twin has the highest risk factor (almost 50%) of developing schizophrenia. c. The more severe a parent's schizophrenic disorder, the less likely the children were to develop it. d. If one person in a family has a particular subtype of schizophrenia, e.g., paranoid, the other family members inherit a predisposition for that subtype only.

b. An individual with a schizophrenic identical twin has the highest risk factor (almost 50%) of developing schizophrenia.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Eating disorders have a high comorbidity with stress disorders. b. Depression may be a reaction to bulimia nervosa. c. 20-40% of all people with bulimia nervosa meet the criteria for a mood disorder during the course of their eating disorder. d. Eating disorders are a way of expressing depression.

b. Depression may be a reaction to bulimia nervosa.

What is the primary goal of most psychosocial treatments for neurocognitive disorder? a. Relieve depression b. Enhancing the lives of those with the disease, as well as their family members. c. Treat the anxiety associated with knowing that the disorder is progressive d. Enhance family functioning

b. Enhancing the lives of those with the disease, as well as their family members.

Which of the following is NOT one of the typical minor side effects of antipsychotic medications? a. Grogginess b. Headaches c. Blurred vision d. Dryness of the mouth

b. Headaches

Which of the following hallucinogenic substances is processed synthetically? a. Marijuana b. LSD c. Psilocybin d. Mescaline

b. LSD

Joe is homosexual and has an identical (monozgyotic) twin named Sam. The following statement is TRUE: a. Sam is only likely to become homosexual if Joe is a positive role model. b. Sam is more likely than the general population to be homosexual. c. Sam is no more likely than the general population to be homosexual. d. Sam is homosexual also.

b. Sam is more likely than the general population to be homosexual.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the different types of neurocognitive disorder? a. Vascular neurocognitive disorder has a more rapid onset and results in fewer deficits than neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease. b. Vascular neurocognitive disorder has a more rapid onset than neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease, although the course and outcome are similar. c. All forms of neurocognitive disorder have the same onset, symptoms, and course. d. Vascular neurocognitive disorder has a more rapid, onset and patients suffer a much more rapid demise that with the other forms of neurocognitive disorder.

b. Vascular neurocognitive disorder has a more rapid onset than neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease, although the course and outcome are similar.

The condition called delirium tremens, also known as the "DTs," involves hallucinations and body tremors during withdrawal from ____________. a. heroin b. alcohol c. marijuana d. cocaine

b. alcohol

The most recent research evidence suggests that the relationship between the brain (structure, function, neurotransmitters) and psychosocial factors (socialization, rearing, life events) is best described as a. a system where our behavior and psychosocial factors impact our brain but not the other way around. b. an interaction where the brain affects our psychosocial factors and psychosocial factors impact our brain. c. a system where our brains directly influence our behavior and psychosocial factors but not the other way around. d. far too complex to ever understand whether one system influences the other.

b. an interaction where the brain affects our psychosocial factors and psychosocial factors impact our brain.

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology. The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are a. impossible to understand until the entire human genome is sequenced. b. based on more than single gene defects. c. difficult to understand with the limited statistical models available. d. insignificant in comparison to the power of the environment.

b. based on more than single gene defects.

Outcome research regarding the long-term success of treatment for eating disorders indicates that a. anorexia nervosa patients tend to have a better prognosis than bulimia nervosa patients. b. bulimia nervosa patients tend to have a better prognosis than anorexia nervosa patients. c. both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa patients almost always make a full and long-term recovery after treatment. d. neither anorexia nervosa nor bulimia nervosa patients tend to make long-term recoveries, with most patients going through repeated bouts of these disorders throughout their lives.

b. bulimia nervosa patients tend to have a better prognosis than anorexia nervosa patients.

According to the textbook, assessment of psychophysiological response to emotional stimuli is important in treating all of the following EXCEPT _____________. a. posttraumatic stress disorder b. cancer c. hypertension d. sexual dysfunctions

b. cancer

According to recent research on the development of depression, dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively) constitute a _____________ vulnerability to depression. a. sociological b. cognitive c. behavioral d. biological

b. cognitive

The belief of homophobic people that the "sin" of homosexuality has resulted in HIV/AIDS is related to the historical concept of ______________ as a cause of madness. a. hysteria b. divine punishment c. faith healing d. sorcery

b. divine punishment

On the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 11, Tim relates that after a night of heavy drinking, he __________ to get over a hangover. a. exercises b. drinks more alcohol c. sleeps all day d. takes medication

b. drinks more alcohol

"I've got to get out of here right now, or I may not make it!" This statement is most likely to be said by someone experiencing a(n) a. parasympathetic "surge." b. fear reaction. c. episode of depression. d. future-oriented mood state.

b. fear reaction.

Psychodynamic psychotherapy differs from classical (Freudian) psychoanalysis in that it a. considers past experiences important. b. focuses on social and interpersonal issues. c. emphasizes the goal of personality reconstruction. d. requires a long-term commitment on the part of the person being analyzed.

b. focuses on social and interpersonal issues.

In the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 9, a young man who is HIV positive talks about his own personal coping mechanisms including a. discontinuing medication during the times that he feels better. b. keeping busy with artwork. c. maintaining full-time employment. d. being inspired by a friend who was also HIV positive.

b. keeping busy with artwork.

Placing a rat in a cage where electrical shocks over which the rat has no control are occasionally administered through the floor is a way to create _____________. a. negative neurotransmitter pathways b. learned helplessness c. unconscious learning d. social learning

b. learned helplessness

The criterion that a particular behavior be atypical or not culturally expected is insufficient to define abnormality because a. behavior that occurs infrequently is considered abnormal in every culture. b. many people behave in ways that deviate from the average, but this doesn't mean that they have a disorder. c. behaviors vary very little from one culture to another. d. society is less willing to tolerate eccentricity in people who are productive.

b. many people behave in ways that deviate from the average, but this doesn't mean that they have a disorder.

Prevention of mood disorders in children and adolescents include all of the following except a. universal programs. b. milieu interventions. c. selected interventions. d. indicated interventions.

b. milieu interventions.

Eugen Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia as an "associative splitting" of the basic functions of personality led to the incorrect use of the term to mean a. cognitive slippage. b. multiple personality. c. a fugue state. d. folie à deux.

b. multiple personality.

All of the following statements about lithium therapy are true EXCEPT a. people stop taking lithium to regain the euphoric feeling that mania produces. b. once a person is symptom-free for 6 months, he/she may stop taking lithium. c. for those patients who respond to lithium, approximately 70% will relapse. d. for anyone with recurrent manic episodes, maintenance on lithium is recommended to prevent relapse.

b. once a person is symptom-free for 6 months, he/she may stop taking lithium.

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been a controversial issue for decades, it is an effective treatment for depression especially when a. symptoms of depression are mild. b. patient response to antidepressant medication is poor. c. a manic-depressive patient is currently experiencing a manic episode. d. patients cannot afford antidepressant medication.

b. patient response to antidepressant medication is poor.

Most individuals who experience a single episode of major depressive disorder will a. most likely have just one more episode. b. probably have several episodes throughout their lives. c. never have another episode. d. later have a manic episode.

b. probably have several episodes throughout their lives.

As Van Gogh slowly began developing schizophrenia, he painted a series of self-portraits that depicted the progression of the disorder over time. This is a good example of a(n) a. anecdotal study. b. prospective study c. retrospective study. d. negative development strategy.

b. prospective study

In regard to most disorders, serotonin is thought to a. function independently of other neurotransmitters. b. regulate other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine. c. be unrelated to symptoms. d. none of the above

b. regulate other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine.

The most accurate description of the correlational model is a. statistical examination of the cause of changes in a dependent variable. b. statistical examination of the relationships between variables. c. in-depth examination of many variables associated with a small number of individuals. d. manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effects on a dependent variable.

b. statistical examination of the relationships between variables.

Neurocognitive disorder caused by HIV appears to be due to ______________. a. chemical imbalances in the brain b. the HIV infection itself c. opportunistic infections that occur in HIV patients d. side effects of medications used to treat HIV

b. the HIV infection itself

When an individual describes what he/she sees in the ambiguous stimuli of the Rorschach test, it is assumed that the person's _____________ thoughts are revealed. a. conscious b. unconscious c. subconscious d. preconscious

b. unconscious

Two very common medical causes of erectile dysfunction are a. arthritis and diabetes. b. vascular disease and diabetes. c. vascular disease and asthma. d. asthma and diabetes.

b. vascular disease and diabetes.

Debbie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, recurrent. She wants to know what to expect in the future regarding her condition. You tell her that according to recent research the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes is _____. a.12-15 b.2-3 c.8-11 d.4-7

b.2-3

Research studies on Viagra users indicate that a.most users are able to engage in intercourse and are very satisfied with the results. b.61% of men were able to get erections adequate for intercourse, but only 32% rated the results as at least "good." c.most users were unable to engage in intercourse and were not satisfied with results. d.approximately half of the users are able to engage in intercourse and are highly satisfied with results.

b.61% of men were able to get erections adequate for intercourse, but only 32% rated the results as at least "good."

The first proponent of ego psychology was a.Carl Jung. b.Ana Freud. c.Karen Honey. d.Sigmund Freud.

b.Ana Freud.

With regard to drug treatments for bulimia nervosa patients, which of the following statements is TRUE? a.Benzodiazipine medications have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. b.Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. c.Anti-psychotic medications have been found to be effective for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. d.Medications have not been found to be effective for the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

b.Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

Which of the following is accurate in regard to the long-term outlook for schizophrenic patients? a.Recovery is possible only if the patient receives psychotherapy. b.Complete recovery from schizophrenia is rare. c.Recovery is possible only if the person stays on medication. d.About 50% of people diagnosed with the disorder eventually recover.

b.Complete recovery from schizophrenia is rare.

What is the primary goal of most psychosocial treatments for neurocognitive disorder? a.Relieve depression b.Enhancing the lives of those with the disease, as well as their family members. c.Treat the anxiety associated with knowing that the disorder is progressive d.Enhance family functioning

b.Enhancing the lives of those with the disease, as well as their family members.

Which of the following statements is false about hallucinogens? a.A number of hallucinogens are chemically similar to acetylcholine. b.MDMD is chemically similar to glutamate. c.LSD is chemically similar to serotonin. d.Mescaline is chemically similar to norepinephrine.

b.MDMD is chemically similar to glutamate.

What is the main reason that we do NOT have an effective treatment for neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease? a.The cause is genetic. b.We do not have a way to replace extensive brain damage. c.The disorder affects the elderly who generally have many other health problems. d.The amount of treatment research is considerably less for neurocognitive disorder than for other disorders.

b.We do not have a way to replace extensive brain damage.

Although abnormalities in the structure and functioning of the brain can be detected by neuroimaging techniques, current research is also looking at a.changing brain functioning from abnormal to normal. b.a possible association of these abnormalities with psychological disorders. c.using brain-imaging techniques as a treatment for psychological disorders. d.preventing psychological disorders with neuroimaging techniques.

b.a possible association of these abnormalities with psychological disorders.

In regard to the family interactions among schizophrenic patients, the word "schizophrenogenic" (no longer used), was first proposed in the 1940s to describe a.a family in which relatives on both sides were psychotic. b.an emotionally distant mother whose child became schizophrenic. c.an abusive and alcoholic father whose child became schizophrenic. d.divorced parents who had several psychotic children.

b.an emotionally distant mother whose child became schizophrenic.

Research examining the expectations that kids in grades 7 through 11 have about drinking alcohol revealed that some of the students begin drinking because they think it will have positive effects on their social behavior and cognitive and motor skills, a phenomenon called a.opponent-process theory. b.an expectancy effect. c.alcoholic myopia. d.regressive alcoholism.

b.an expectancy effect.

In the diathesis-stress model, "diathesis" refers to a.an inherited disorder. b.an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder. c.conditions in the environment that can trigger a disorder depending upon how severe the stressors are. d.the inheritance of multiple disorders.

b.an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder.

The disorder that causes a form of neurocognitive disorder called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a variant of a.Huntington's disease. b.bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease"). c.neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disorder. d.Pick's disease.

b.bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease").

Research studies using the procedure called "cross fostering" have shown that genetically emotional and reactive young animals raised by calm mothers tended to be a.calm but emotional and reactive when raising their own young. b.calm. c.emotional and reactive but calm when raising their own young. d.emotional and reactive.

b.calm.

During the late stages of neurocognitive disorder, the _____________ probably experiences the greatest need for psychosocial treatment. a.healthcare provider b.caregiver c.family d.patient

b.caregiver

One of the major problems with the case study method is that it is too easy to make false conclusions based on a.statistical significance. b.coincidence. c.poorly defined dependent variables. d.unreliable measures.

b.coincidence.

Behavioral assessments are used to formally assess an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behavior in ____________. a.the abstract b.context c.theory d.general

b.context

Learned helplessness is demonstrated in laboratory animals by a.creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal cannot control. b.creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal cannot control. c.creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal can control. d.creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal can control.

b.creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal cannot control.

Nocturnal panic attacks generally occur when an individual is ____________. a.having a nightmare b.deeply asleep c.in REM sleep d.dreaming

b.deeply asleep

Unlike schizophrenia or an eating disorder, personality disorders can be viewed as disorders of a.learning rather than disease. b.degree rather than kind. c.functioning rather than disease. d.biology rather than learning.

b.degree rather than kind.

The personality disorder characterized by unreasonable fear of abandonment, fear of being rejected, avoidance of disagreement, inability to make decisions for oneself, and clinging behavior is ______________ personality disorder. a.avoidant b.dependent c.schizoid d.histrionic

b.dependent