PSY 302 Exam 1

Which of the following is not one of the five chief changes in cognition during adolescence?

Increased imagination

The psychologist who believed that tension arises between adults and teens because they grow up in different social circumstances was:

Karl Mannheim

The essay by Nora Ephron, "A Few Words About Breasts" discusses differences between the author and her mother regarding views on puberty. Whose theory might help to explain the different points of view that were held by the author and her mother?

Karl Mannheim's Sociological Theory; both social circumstances and generational effects influence adolescent behavior

Leptin triggers an increase in the release of _______, which will then signal the hypothalamus to stop inhibiting puberty.

Kisspeptin

The psychologist who suggested that adolescents experience frustration because they are prohibited from obtaining the meaningful roles that they seek in society was:

Kurt Lewin

Albert Bandura was a psychologist whose theoretical perspective stressed that the development of adolescence was most influenced by:

Learning

Susan believes that adolescent behavior is the results of adolescents' imitating the behaviors of those they watch. This view is consistent with the _______ theoretical perspective.

Learning

Nadia is an early-maturing girl. Compared to her late-maturing peers, which of the following statements is most likely to be true for Nadia?

Nadia is more likely to be popular with the boys.

Adolescent egocentrism can be defined as:

Occurring when an adolescent has difficulty determining the difference between what others think of them, and their perception of what others think of them

Arthur believes that biology plays an important role in adolescent development, but also takes into account the contextual or environmental forces that interact with the biological forces. Arthur's view is consistent with the ____________view of adolescent development.

Organismic

What is the term for experiences from adolescence that are recalled easier than experiences from other times in your life?

Reminiscence bump

The psychologist who described adolescence as a period of "storm and stress" was:

Stanley Hall

Dave knows that kids who drink and drive sometimes get killed, but he believes that he is somehow immune to having such a terrible thing happen to him. Dave's belief is an example of:

A personal fable

Deductive reasoning can be defined as:

A type of reasoning in which a person can draw a conclusion from information that is provided.

Beth has become increasingly good at describing such concepts as friendship. She is able to use many examples, words, and ideas to express what the concept of friendship means to her. Beth's ability to describe friendship demonstrates her increased ability to use:

Abstract reasoning

A sexual maturation stage which occurs before any other stages of sexual maturation and involves increased levels of androgens being released into the bloodstream:

Adrenarche

Frank believes that the changes in his adolescent son's behavior are primarily due to hormones and the physical changes of puberty. Frank's view of adolescent behavior is consistent with the ________ theoretical perspective?

Biological

According to G. Stanley Hall, development is primarily influenced by:

Biology

Sandy often considers what her life would be like now if she were born to a different set of parents. She asks herself how her future would change if her parents were different. This is an example of:

Counter-factual thinking

28. Neurons communicate with each other using a(n) _________ process.

Elecrochemical

8. The psychologist who identified eight stages of psychosocial development that individuals progress through as they struggle to discover who they are was:

Erik Erikson

16. Piaget's fourth stage of cognitive development is called:

Formal Operational Thinking

Piaget's fourth stage of cognitive development is called:

Formal Operational Thinking

18. The ability to use abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking is called:

Formal operational thinking

Which of the following affect the onset of puberty?

Genetics, number of fat cels, an amount of light exposure

Primary sex characteristics include which of the following:

Growth of the penis

imagining that a group of people are constantly following and watching all of the person's behaviors is called:

Imaginary audience

The hormonally induced increase in the rate of growth in height and weight is referred to as:

The adolescent growth spurt

For boys, the second part of physical development is:

The beginning of the growth spurt

The boundaries of adolescence are defined by:

The boundaries of adolescence are decided upon by the one who is making the boundaries.

Epiphysis is:

The closing of the ends of long bones.

The tendency for people who are older to remember events from their adolescence more often than events from other time periods in their life, except for current events is called:

The reminiscence bump

The way the endocrine system functions can be compared to:

The thermostat in a house

Sarah is a junior high student anticipating and preparing for puberty. She wants to know when puberty will start and how long it will take until she looks and is considered an adult. What would you tell her?

The timing of puberty, as well as the rate with which it occurs, is highly variable and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Adolescence is defined by:

Whoever is using the term.

25. Memory which is maintained and rehearsed in a short-term memory storage for current use is called:

Working Memory

Memory which is maintained and rehearsed in a short-term memory storage for current use is called:

Working Memory

1. Theoretical perspective can be defined as:

a. A viewpoint or mindset that a person has towards a particular topic based on previously established beliefs or theories.

34. Primary sex characteristics can be defined as:

a. The sex organs with which a person is born.

Javier spends a great deal of time talking about relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, and morality with his friends, demonstrating his ability to think:

abstractly.

A(n) _________________ is an electrical impulse that occurs when a neuron is sufficiently stimulated by other neurons.

action potential

The term puberty refers to the period during which:

an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction.

The simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and _________ stimulates rapid acceleration in height and weight during puberty.

androgens

When levels of _____ and _____ fall below the set points, the _____ stops inhibiting the pituitary gland, thus permitting it to stimulate the release of sex hormones by the gonads.

androgens; estrogens; hypothalamus

The recall of personally meaningful past events is known as

autobiographical memory.

17. Because Sam is an expert at his job in marketing, he most likely uses __________ thought when at his job every day. However, being less familiar with cooking, when he goes home in the evening and helps prepare dinner, he switches to using __________ thought.

d. Formal operation; concrete operational

19. Two reasons that attention span may increase is due to:

d. Myelination of axons and being able to ignore irrelevant information

36. A scale which uses pictures and descriptions of the physical changes of the body in order to determine and classify the development of the secondary sex characteristics is called:

d. Tanner stages

. Tam is good at drawing conclusions from given information. Thus, Tam is good at _________ reasoning.

deductive

All of the following are features of hypothetical thinking, except:

greater awareness of concrete, observable events.

Which of the following sex characteristics is the first to develop in girls?

growth of breasts

Which of the following sex characteristics is the first to develop in boys?

growth of testes and scrotum

Why are adolescents better than children at abstract, multidimensional, and hypothetical thinking?

improvements in memory b. improvements in attention c. improvements in processing speed

According to the textbook, puberty involves all of the following except

increases in intellectual functioning.

Dr. Brown argues that adolescents can solve problems better than younger children because they can store more information in memory and because they have more effective strategies. Dr. Brown's view is most consistent with which of the following perspectives?

information-processing perspective

The rapid increase in body fat that adolescent girls experience:

leads to a majority of adolescent girls dieting unnecessarily

H-RF (luteinizing hormone releasing factor) and FSH-RF (follicle-stimulating hormone releasing factor) can be found in the hypothalamus. They stimulate the pituitary gland. Once the pituitary has been stimulated:

luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are released from the pituitary into the bloodstream

15. Anne thinks that Sarah thinks that Anne does not like her. This examination of her own thoughts is an example of:

metacognition

The ability to think about one's own thoughts is called

metacognition

31. The fatty tissue that grows around the axon of the neuron and has been linked to increases in cognitive speed is called:

myelin

30. The result of an action potential is the release of ______________ at the end of an axon at the axon terminals.

neurotransmitters

Adrenarche contributes to the development of body ______, signaling the beginning of sexual maturation to others.

odor

Dual Systems Theory proposes that there are two different brain systems which simultaneously develop during adolescence one which __________________ and one which_____________________:

processes rewards & punishments; regulates self-control

Which of the following female sex characteristics is usually the last to develop?

regular ovulation

Multidimensional thinking helps adolescents understand:

sarcasm

Which of the following can delay the onset of puberty?

stress, nutritional deficiencies, and excessive exercise

Formal operational thinking can be defined as:

the ability to use abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking

Neurons are cells that carry information by transmitting electrical charges across the body. When the electrical charge travels through a neuron, it stimulates

the release of neurotransmitters.

According to Karl Mannheim, conflict between adolescents and adults arises because?

they grow up in different social circumstances

Which of the following is not part of the feedback loop in the endocrine system?

thyroid hormones

The neurotransmitters are contained within these structures, which bond with the presynaptic neuron and release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

vesicles