PSY Ch.9 Motivation and Emotion

According to self-determination theory, which of the following are true?

-Psychological needs are innate. -All individuals have the capacity for growth and fulfillment. -There are three basic needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Which of the following have been shown to enhance happiness? Multiple select question.

-actively focusing on things to be grateful for -physical activity -committing to personally meaningful goals

Place Maslow's stages into the order in which the needs must be fulfilled, with the first need that must be met at the top.

1. Psychological needs 2.Safety 3. love and belongingness 4. Esteem 5. Self-actualization

People generally tend to adapt rapidly to events or things that initially made them very happy. This concept is known as the

Blank 1: hedonic Blank 2: treadmill

The type of motivation that is based on internal factors is ________________ motivation, and the type of motivation that is based on external factors is _____________ motivation.

Blank 1: intrinsic Blank 2: extrinsic

______ rules are sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed.

Display

Which of the following statements about display rules is correct?

Display rules may vary from one culture to another.

_____________ are the main class of sex hormones that are produced principally by the ovaries.

Estrogens, estrogen, oestrogen, or oestrogens

The facial feedback hypothesis says which of the following?

Facial expressions can affect emotions.

A person's sexual orientation is defined exclusively by with whom they have engaged in sexual activity.

False

Most things or events that make us happy actually only change our happiness for a short time. What is this concept known as?

Hedonic treadmill

When you are on a first date, your hands begin to sweat, and you begin to feel nervous. What theory of emotion would say that the sweating caused the nervousness?

James--Lange

______________ is the term psychologists use to describe the force that moves people to behave in particular ways.

Motivation

The _____ states that performance is best under moderate levels of arousal.

Yerkes--Dodson law

The _____ approach to sex education emphasizes that sexual behavior should be reserved for marriage.

abstinence-only

Barbara Fredrickson proposed the _____ model, which argues that the function of positive emotions lies in their effects on our attention and ability to build resources.

broaden-and-build

Our bodies have a hormone that signals the brain and tells it that it is time to stop eating. What is this hormone called?

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Which hormone helps start the digestion of food, travels to the brain through the bloodstream, and signals us to stop eating?

cholecystokinin (CCK)

In self-determination theory, what are the three basic organismic needs?

competence, relatedness, and autonomy

Sex education programs that emphasize contraceptive knowledge _____ the rates of adolescent pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.

decrease

The main class of sex hormones produced principally by the ovaries are known as

estrogens.

The Schachter--Singer two-factor theory of emotion suggests that emotion is the result of the interpretation of nonspecific arousal based on which of the following?

external cues

The idea that facial expressions can influence emotions as well as reflect them is known as the _____ hypothesis.

facial feedback

Which of the following are examples of needs, according to drive reduction theory?

food oxygen

Studies suggest that we can increase our happiness and psychological well-being by expressing which of the following?

gratitude

A___________ is an innate or unlearned biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species

instinct

What is the term for innate patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned?

instincts

The type of motivation that is based on internal factors is _____ motivation, and the type of motivation that is based on external factors is _____ motivation. Multiple choice question.

intrinsic; extrinsic

The Yerkes-Dodson law states that performance is best under conditions of _____ arousal.

moderate

The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do is known to psychologists as _____.

motivation

In drive reduction theory, a(n) _____ is a deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce that deprivation.

need

Anxiety, anger, guilt, and sadness are referred to as affect.

negative

Emotions such as anger, guilt, and sadness are classified as which of the following?

negative affect

According to the James--Lange theory, emotion results from _____ states triggered by stimuli in the environment.

physiological

In the context of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Blank______ at the base of the hierarchy are the strongest needs.

physiological needs

The process by which an individual pursues important objectives by setting goals and monitoring progress is called self-

regulation

Salvador wants to go to medical school because he sincerely wants to help others. To achieve his goal, he studies hard to keep up his grades, stays active in his community, and asks his school adviser for feedback about his academic progress. Salvador's behavior is consistent with the process of

self-regulation.

As in the concept of weight, there may be a happiness _____________________ point, and our happiness may fluctuate around this.

set

When looking at the biology of weight, the _________ point is partly determined by the amount of fat stored in the body.

set

Which of the following refers to the weight maintained when an individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight?

set point

The direction of someone's erotic interests is called their

sexual orientation.

A _____ is a pattern of expectations for how people should behave sexually.

sexual script

Stereotyped patterns of expectations for how people should behave sexually are a type of mental scripts called

sexual scripts or roles

Genetic research shows that happiness is Blank______ heritable.

significantly but not entirely

The ______ theory of emotion says that emotion is affected by both physiological arousal and cognitive labeling

two-factor

The ______ theory of emotion says that emotion is affected by both physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.

two-factor