psy chapter 2
endocrine system
bodys system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream
food poisoning
botulism disease stems from _____________ and prevents the release of acetylcholine
hereditary
defines ones nature which is based on biological structures and processes
non-myelinated neurons
gray matter in the brains consists of
anxiety
hereditary is apparently involved in psychological disorders ranging from _______________ and depression to personality disorders
Epinephrine
intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety
instinct
is a stereotyped pattern of behavior that is triggered in a specific situation
Amygdala
is connected with aggressive behavior in monkeys, cats, and other animals
pituitary gland
lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the master gland
genes
monozygotic twins share 100 % of their ____________
dopamine
nicotine, alcohol and many other drugs are pleasurable bc they heighten levels of
arousal
norepinephrine is involved in general _____________, learning and memory and eating
corpus callosum
people with severe cases of epilepsy have split-brain operations in which much of __________________ is served
Medulla
plays roles in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing
maternal
prolactin regulates ______________ behavior in lower mammals
first degree
relatives have a genetic overlap of about 50 percent
glial cells
remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system
phenotype
represents an interaction of ones nature and nurture
CAT scan (computerized axial tomography)
revelas deformities in shape and structure that are connected with blood clots, tumors, and other health problems
sleep
serotonin is involved in emotional arousal and
all or none principle
Every time a neuron fires, it transmits an impulse of the same strength
limbic system
a group of structures involved in memory, motivation, and emotion that forms a fringe along the inner edge of the cerebrum
axon
a neuron has an ___________ that extends like a trunk from the cell body
synapse
a neuron relays its message to another neuron across a junction is called
Acetylcholine
a neurotransmitter that controls muscle contractions
refractory period
a time in which a neuron is insensitive to messages from other neurons
male body
testosterone stokes the growth of muscle and bone and the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics in the
spinal cord
the brain and the _____________ make up the central nervous system
parasympathetic division
the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore the bodys reserve of energy
prefrontal cortex
the executive center of the brain where decisions are made to keep info in working memory and to solve problems
temproal lobe
the hearing or auditory area of the cortex lies in the _______________ along the lateral fissure of the cerebral cortex
chromosome
the presence of an extra ________________ on the 21 pair causes Down syndrome
electrochemical
the process by which a neural impulse travels is
nucleus
uses oxygen and nutrients to generate the energy needed to carry out the work of a neuron cell
reticular formation
vital in the functions of attention, sleep , and arousal