psy chapter 2

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endocrine system

bodys system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream

food poisoning

botulism disease stems from _____________ and prevents the release of acetylcholine

hereditary

defines ones nature which is based on biological structures and processes

non-myelinated neurons

gray matter in the brains consists of

anxiety

hereditary is apparently involved in psychological disorders ranging from _______________ and depression to personality disorders

Epinephrine

intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety

instinct

is a stereotyped pattern of behavior that is triggered in a specific situation

Amygdala

is connected with aggressive behavior in monkeys, cats, and other animals

pituitary gland

lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the master gland

genes

monozygotic twins share 100 % of their ____________

dopamine

nicotine, alcohol and many other drugs are pleasurable bc they heighten levels of

arousal

norepinephrine is involved in general _____________, learning and memory and eating

corpus callosum

people with severe cases of epilepsy have split-brain operations in which much of __________________ is served

Medulla

plays roles in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing

maternal

prolactin regulates ______________ behavior in lower mammals

first degree

relatives have a genetic overlap of about 50 percent

glial cells

remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system

phenotype

represents an interaction of ones nature and nurture

CAT scan (computerized axial tomography)

revelas deformities in shape and structure that are connected with blood clots, tumors, and other health problems

sleep

serotonin is involved in emotional arousal and

all or none principle

Every time a neuron fires, it transmits an impulse of the same strength

limbic system

a group of structures involved in memory, motivation, and emotion that forms a fringe along the inner edge of the cerebrum

axon

a neuron has an ___________ that extends like a trunk from the cell body

synapse

a neuron relays its message to another neuron across a junction is called

Acetylcholine

a neurotransmitter that controls muscle contractions

refractory period

a time in which a neuron is insensitive to messages from other neurons

male body

testosterone stokes the growth of muscle and bone and the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics in the

spinal cord

the brain and the _____________ make up the central nervous system

parasympathetic division

the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore the bodys reserve of energy

prefrontal cortex

the executive center of the brain where decisions are made to keep info in working memory and to solve problems

temproal lobe

the hearing or auditory area of the cortex lies in the _______________ along the lateral fissure of the cerebral cortex

chromosome

the presence of an extra ________________ on the 21 pair causes Down syndrome

electrochemical

the process by which a neural impulse travels is

nucleus

uses oxygen and nutrients to generate the energy needed to carry out the work of a neuron cell

reticular formation

vital in the functions of attention, sleep , and arousal


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