Sociology Chapter 4

family members

Secondary group is to co-workers as primary group is to ___________________

secondary group

in a ________________, interaction is impersonal and temporary

false

in industrial societies, most production is done through the use of human labor

true

in preindustrial societies, food surpluses enable a more complex division of labor

horticultural society

society in which the subsistence strategy is growing vegetables in garden plots is a _________________

division of labor

specialization in the performance of specific economic activities is called _____________

ascribed status

status assigned according to standards that are beyond a person's control is an ____________________

true

the basis of an exchange is reciprocity, the idea that if you do something for someone, that person owes you something in return.

false

you acquire an ascribed status through your own direct efforts

rationalization

What is NOT a form of accomodation

max weber

________________ is the sociologist who developed a model of bureaucracies that is still in use today.

role expectations

_________________ are socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role

rationality

__________________ involves subjecting every feature of human behavior to calculation, measurement, and control.

exchange

__________________ theory holds that people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with other people

role strain

_____________________ occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status

true

Gemeinschaft means community where most members know one another

false

Gesellschaft means community where most members know one another

postindustrial society

Society characterized by the production of information and the provision of services is a ___________________

hunter-gatherer

The __________________ is a type characterized by the collection of plants and animals

out-group

any group to which a person does not belong or identify with

true

compromise, truce, mediation, and arbitration are all forms of accommodation

false

conflict emphasizes achieving a goal, while competition emphasizes defeating an opponent

occupation

one example of an achieved status is __________

bureaucracy

ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and procedures is a ________________

false

role performances always match role expectations

true

social structure is the network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction

role expectations

socially determined behaviors expected of an individual performing a role are called ____________

role

the expected behavior of someone occupying a particular status is called ____________

social category

the term _____________ refers to the classification of people according to a shared trait or a common status

role conflict

when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status, the situation is known as__________________________