Sociology Chapter 4
family members
Secondary group is to co-workers as primary group is to ___________________
secondary group
in a ________________, interaction is impersonal and temporary
false
in industrial societies, most production is done through the use of human labor
true
in preindustrial societies, food surpluses enable a more complex division of labor
horticultural society
society in which the subsistence strategy is growing vegetables in garden plots is a _________________
division of labor
specialization in the performance of specific economic activities is called _____________
ascribed status
status assigned according to standards that are beyond a person's control is an ____________________
true
the basis of an exchange is reciprocity, the idea that if you do something for someone, that person owes you something in return.
false
you acquire an ascribed status through your own direct efforts
rationalization
What is NOT a form of accomodation
max weber
________________ is the sociologist who developed a model of bureaucracies that is still in use today.
role expectations
_________________ are socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role
rationality
__________________ involves subjecting every feature of human behavior to calculation, measurement, and control.
exchange
__________________ theory holds that people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with other people
role strain
_____________________ occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status
true
Gemeinschaft means community where most members know one another
false
Gesellschaft means community where most members know one another
postindustrial society
Society characterized by the production of information and the provision of services is a ___________________
hunter-gatherer
The __________________ is a type characterized by the collection of plants and animals
out-group
any group to which a person does not belong or identify with
true
compromise, truce, mediation, and arbitration are all forms of accommodation
false
conflict emphasizes achieving a goal, while competition emphasizes defeating an opponent
occupation
one example of an achieved status is __________
bureaucracy
ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and procedures is a ________________
false
role performances always match role expectations
true
social structure is the network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction
role expectations
socially determined behaviors expected of an individual performing a role are called ____________
role
the expected behavior of someone occupying a particular status is called ____________
social category
the term _____________ refers to the classification of people according to a shared trait or a common status
role conflict
when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status, the situation is known as__________________________
