PsY1

Which of the following statements concerning anecdotal evidence is false? Anecdotal evidence is based on a single example and may reflect sampling bias. Correct Anecdotal evidence rarely influences a person's opinion or behavior. Anecdotal evidence can usually be found to support any position. Anecdotal evidence often reflects a distortion in self-report.

Anecdotal evidence rarely influences a person's opinion or behavior.

Conclusions concerning cause-and-effect relationships are only possible when the ____ method is used.

Experimental

Bottom-up processing is based on experiences and expectations, while top-down processing begins at the level of sensory receptors.

False

Empiricism means scientists draw conclusions based on reasoning and logical inference.

False

In an experiment, the investigator varies the dependent variable and measures the independent variable.

False

Laying in a field, you watch fluffy clouds float across the blue sky. The fluffy clouds are the ground and the blue sky is the figure.

False

The largest and most complex part of the human brain is the cerebellum.

False

The school of psychology that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, and suggests that we have self-determination is

Humanism

Which of the following is NOT included in the ethical guidelines for human participants in psychological research?

Participants should be paid for their participation.

The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behavior is MOST consistent with the views of

Sigmund Freud

The __________________ division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response.

Sympathetic

A chemical that transfers information from one neuron to another is referred to as a neurotransmitter.

True

An action potential travels along the axon.

True

Emotions, like love or anger, influence our perception.

True

If you saw your instructor at a restaurant and do not immediately recognize her, then you are experiencing context effects.

True

Inattentional blindness occurs when individuals fail to see highly visible objects because their attention is focused elsewhere.

True

The best way to reduce the risk of experimenter bias is to use a double-blind research procedure.

True

The brain structure responsible for relaying sensory information to various locations in the brain is the thalamus.

True

The goals of the scientific enterprise in psychology are to describe, understand, predict, and control behavior.

True

The limbic system is a network of structures that play a role in learning, memory, and the regulation of emotion.

True

Today's psychologists generally accept the idea that behavior is exceedingly complex and that it is governed by a complex network of interacting factors.

True

A theory is

a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations.

The idea that psychology should only study observable events is the cornerstone of the school of psychology known as ____________________.

behaviorism

The ____________________ nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord, while the sensory and motor neurons that transmit messages to the muscles make up the ____________________ nervous system.

central, peripheral

The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations, and environments is defined as

consciousness

The cells that provide support and nourishment for the cells that communicate in the nervous system are called ____________________.

glia

Sensory adaptation can explain all of the following EXCEPT getting used to the smell of the perfume you are wearing. hearing your name spoken in a noisy room. feeling comfortable in a cold swimming pool after being in for a few minutes. getting used to the touch of your clothes on your skin.

hearing your name spoken in a noisy room.

The first step in a research study is the formulation of a(n) ____________________.

hypothesis

In the disease multiple sclerosis, the ____________________ deteriorates, which causes disruption in the transmission of the neural impulse.

myelin sheath

The text's unifying theme that "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" is often referred to as describing the

nature versus nurture issue.

The Gestalt principle of proximity refers to the idea that

objects nearer to each other are seen as forming a unit.

A perceptual set implies that

people often see what they expect to see.

Psychology's intellectual roots are the disciplines of

philosophy and physiology.

When individuals in a research study experience some change even though they received an ineffectual treatment, they are displaying ____________________ effects.

placebo

Our working definition of psychology provided in class is _______________________________________________________.

science, profession

While ____ involves the stimulation of sense organs, ____ involves the selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input.

sensation; perception

The fact that trends, issues, and values in society have influenced psychology's evolution illustrates that psychology develops in a(n) ____________________ context.

sociohistorical

The ____________________ is the junction between two neurons.

synapse

In descriptive/correlational research, the investigator

systematically observes two variables to see whether there is an association between them.

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is theoretically diverse" implies that

there are often several ways to interpret a set of observations