PSY313 Chapter 7 Quiz

What type of medication is the most commonly prescribed for OCD and BDD?

Antidepressants

Phoebe recently experienced a traumatic event. She is less interested in things that she used to enjoy, feels intense distress whenever she is reminded of the trauma, and has been feeling "jumpy" and easily startled. Which type of symptom of PTSD is Phoebe NOT experiencing?

Avoidance symptoms

Obsessive-compulsive disorder tends to begin

before adolescence.

Lacey has been struggling for some time with body dysmorphic disorder. What is the best way to characterize her visual processing when Lacey sees herself in a mirror?

detail-oriented

Neurobiological studies of PTSD show that it may be due to

diminished volume in the hippocampus.

Mei told her therapist that after a bomb went off at the parade, everything seemed to unfold in slow motion and she felt like she was watching a movie. What did Mei experience?

dissociation

From a cognitive behavioral model, BDD is thought to develop due to

examination of one feature in detail versus the appearance as a whole.

Which of the following treatments is most effective in treating PTSD?

exposure therapy

Therapists from varying perspectives share a common focus that effective treatment for anxiety disorders and PTSD involves __________

exposure to feared stimuli.

To help her get over a compulsive need for cleanliness, Thuy's therapist puts mud, chocolate, or raw eggs on her hands and then makes her wait for long periods without washing them. The goal of this exposure treatment is to

extinguish Thuy's anxiety.

All of the following are associated with a diagnosis of PTSD EXCEPT

hallucinations

Erin, who is now 30, was sexually assaulted in college. Shortly after the assault she began to dissociate. This behavior has continued for several years. Erin's risk for ongoing PTSD symptoms is

high.

Irene, who has been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, has difficulty when hearing siren-like sounds because they bring back memories of the massive tornado that killed many of her family members two years ago. Which part of Irene's brain is likely causing a problem contextualizing what she hears?

hippocampus

The _________ plays a central role in our ability to locate autobiographical memories in space, time, and context, and changes in the function of this brain region appear to be related to the risk of developing PTSD.

hippocampus

Beyond difficulties with organizational skills, the cognitive model of _________ disorder suggests that individuals also have unusual beliefs about their belongings.

hoarding

As part of his therapy for PTSD, Manuel's therapist asked him to describe in detail the sights, sounds, smell, and feelings of the traumatic event that led to his disorder. What type of treatment is Manuel's therapist using?

imaginal exposure

Malcolm struggles with nightmares of the time his platoon was ambushed in Afghanistan and several of his comrades were killed. How would his experience be classified as a possible PTSD symptom?

intrusive re-experience

In order to be diagnosed with PTSD, the individual must experience or witness an event that ____.

involved actual or threatened death involved serious injury involved a threat to the physical integrity of self or others Any of the above X

Women are __________ likely to develop PTSD compared to men. In studies that control for __________, men and women have comparable rates of PTSD.

more; sexual abuse and assault

Mandy is constantly worried that she will run someone over when she drives her car. She thinks about it all of the time. Whenever she drives, she feels the urge to retrace her route multiple times before she goes home in order to confirm that she did not hit anyone. Mandy's thought that she has run someone over would be considered a(n) ___________ and her behavior of retracing her route would be considered a(n) ____________.

obsession; compulsion

About _____________ of people with hoarding disorder, much more often women than men, also engage in animal hoarding.

one-third

Research on conditioning models of OCD suggests that

people with OCD are slower to change their response to a conditioned stimulus once it is no longer rewarded.

Lucy was diagnosed with PTSD after being involved in a violent hostage-taking event. Which term describes the nightmares, negative emotion, and irritability that Lucy will experience?

persistent

Madge, an esteemed psychologist, became concerned when her son Colin returned from college and began demonstrating obsessions. Which of the following is Colin experiencing?

repetitive thoughts

Which of the following is NOT typically comorbid with the OCD, BDD, and hoarding disorder?

schizophrenia

The effectiveness of SSRIs in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder indicates that which of the following plays a key role in this illness?

serotonin

Research on cultural variations in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) suggests that

the disorder is experienced similarly around the world, but the body part that is the focus of concern differs.

If someone were to tell you, "Don't think about a baby seal," and you tried your best to avoid thinking about a baby seal, you would most likely think about a baby seal more frequently than if someone told you to intentionally think about a baby seal. This is an example of a failure of

thought suppression.

About ______________ of people who develop PTSD have a history of another anxiety disorder.

two-thirds

After being bothered by strange symptoms for months, Hernani set up an appointment with a therapist. He felt some relief when she said he was experiencing compulsions and could begin a treatment plan. Which of the following led Hernani to seek a therapist's help?

uncontrollable actions

Acute stress disorder is diagnosed when symptoms lasts between 3 days and _______ after a trauma.

1 month

Which of the following is NOT a protective factor against developing PTSD after experiencing a traumatic event?

Social support

Taylor's family tries repeatedly to get him to clear out his stacks of useless possessions and stop hoarding, but they are never successful. What is the likely reason for their failure?

Taylor lacks understanding of his problem.

The following are reasons why acute stress disorder (ASD) is not as well-accepted compared to PTSD EXCEPT:

The duration of ASD is too brief to meet criteria to be a mental illness.

The development of PTSD following a traumatic event is more likely in each of the following scenarios EXCEPT:

The person who experienced the trauma relies very little on avoidant coping.

Heather's home is literally overflowing with stuff: old toys, newspapers, cookbooks, and more stacked high. Instead of throwing some of the items away, she rented a storage locker so she could collect more things. What drives Heather to behave this way?

The possessions give her a sense of self.

Which of these factors seems to influence whether a person will develop PTSD?

The severity of the trauma

What does most research suggest about the effectiveness of medications for individuals who have both OCD and hoarding disorder?

They are less effective for hoarding symptoms.

Tina recently gave a presentation on body dysmorphic disorder in school. Many of her classmates were surprised to learn that the aspects of appearance that trouble people with this disorder

are often imaginary.

There is a moderate genetic contribution to OCD, BDD, and Hoarding Disorder, with estimates of heritability ranging from _______________ percent.

40 to 50

On average, people with Body Dysmorphic Disorder think about their appearance for ___________ hours per day.

3 to 8

Short-term cognitive behavioral therapy, 4-6 sessions in length, helps prevent _____ from developing into _____.

ASD; PTSD

All of the following are criteria for BDD EXCEPT:

Accurate perception of any appearance-related flaws or defects.

Which antidepressant is the most commonly used medication for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Anafranil

Individuals with __________ are preoccupied with an imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance.

BDD

Toni is convinced that her nose is too large and ugly. Her boyfriend and all her friends repeatedly tell her that her nose is just fine, but she doesn't believe it. She is preoccupied with her nose to the point that she is reluctant to leave home. Toni meets the diagnostic criteria for

BDD.

Which of the following traumatic events is more likely to cause PTSD?

Being raped and beaten.

Individuals with which disorder are often preoccupied with an imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance?

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

There was a shooting at Kevin's office. Within three days of this terrible event, a therapist was hired to visit his office and offer one long session to address the shooting with everyone who was there, whether or not they were experiencing any symptoms of PTSD. This type of therapy was most likely ______ and research shows that it is ______ effective compared to receiving no treatment at all following a traumatic event.

CISD; less

Which disorder has been getting more attention lately from television shows that highlight an individual's need to acquire items and their inability to part with them?

Hoarding Disorder

Which of the following statements about hoarding disorder is FALSE?

Hoarding behavior usually begins in middle age or older.

Which of the following diagnoses tend to co-occur with OCD?

Depression Substance Abuse Other anxiety disorders all of the above +

Which of the following statements on the psychological treatment of PTSD is FALSE?

EMDR is more effective than traditional exposure treatment.

The most widely used psychological treatment of OCD is

ERP

Which treatment of choice for OCD has been modified to address the symptoms of BDD?

ERP

Which of the following is a reason why someone with OCD may be reluctant to follow through with ERP treatment?

ERP can be a difficult and unpleasant experience for some people with OCD

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing PTSD?

Extraversion

Jonathan is in therapy to address his PTSD after serving in the military overseas. Due to the fact that it is not feasible or safe for Jonathan to return overseas, his therapist decides to ask Jonathan to deliberately remember the traumatic events as a way for him to "face his fears." This is an example of what therapy technique?

Imaginal exposure

Jason was diagnosed with acute stress disorder several days after seeing a jetliner crash on his farmland while he was plowing. If Jason receives treatment for his acute stress, what affect will it have on PTSD?

It will prevent PTSD.

Toby enjoys going out to eat at expensive restaurants. He often takes friends and family to the nicest restaurants in town multiple times a week, even when he can't afford to do so. He says that he can't help himself - he just wants to eat the best food in the best restaurants all of the time because he likes the experience. Does Toby have a clinically-defined compulsion?

No - because he enjoys his behaviors

____________ and ____________ are slightly more common in women than in men.

OCD; BDD

Which term refers to intrusive and recurring thoughts, images, or impulses that are persistent and uncontrollable?

Obsessions

Dr. Robin Zasio describes the relationship between obsessions and compulsions. Which of the following statements is true of obsessions and compulsions in OCD?

Obsessions produce anxiety

According to your text, about a third of people with body dysmorphic disorder meet diagnostic criteria for ________________ during their lifetime.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Brain-imaging studies indicate that the orbitofrontal cortex, the caudate nucleus, and the anterior cingulate areas of the brain are unusually active in people with _______________.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Which disorder is characterized by persistent and uncontrollable thoughts or urges and by the strong urge to repeat certain acts again and again?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Which brain areas seem to be more active in individuals with OCD, BDD, and hoarding disorder?

Orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and anterior cingulate

What does the research suggest about plastic surgery as a treatment option for Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

People with BDD often undergo multiple surgeries with little to no improvement in their view of the perceived defect.

All of the following symptoms describe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) EXCEPT:

Preoccupation with an imagined flaw in one's appearance

Ataque de nervios, originally identified in ____________, involves physical symptoms and fears of going crazy in the aftermath of severe stress and thus is similar to PTSD.

Puerto Rico

For women, which is the most common type of trauma preceding PTSD?

Rape

A list of diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders is shown below. Select all of the diagnostic criteria for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Recurrent or persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and cause anxiety or distress.

Which class of antidepressants has received strong support as a treatment for PTSD?

SSRIs

Jesse has begun meeting with a cognitive behavioral therapist to learn about and begin treatment for his hoarding disorder. To get a sense of how he got to this point, the therapist explained that Jesse's behavior is likely caused because he has difficulty

categorizing things.

Gary has begun working at a Veterans Administration hospital as a psychologist. According to formal DSM criteria, before he diagnoses patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, he must

consider possible causes.