PSY444

Which of the following is probably true for Ashley, an early-maturing girl who was short and stocky as a child?

After puberty, she will be shorter and heavier than her late-maturing peers

Given a choice, Mike would rather stay up until 1:00 a.m. and sleep until 10:00 a.m. This pattern is called the:

Delayed phase preference

During the _______________________, boys and girls can increase 3-5" in height per year

Adolescent growth spurt

Bickering and squabbling between teenagers and their parents is largely caused by:

Adolescent's ability to formulate counterarguments

Which of the following is true of most adolescents' jobs?

Adolescents are rarely required to use skills taught in school

Which of the following statements about adolescents' level and degree of interaction with parents it true?

Adolescents interact more often with, are closer to , and argue more with their mothers than with their fathers

Which of the following statements about the way in which teenagers related to mothers and fathers is false?

Adolescents perceive fathers as more controlling than their mothers

According to national surveys, sexual activity among adolescents is occurring ____________ than it has in past decades

Earlier

According to national surveys, sexual activity among adolescents is occurring _____________ it has in past decades

Earlier than

Research assessing the link between infant attachment and the quality of interpersonal relationships in adolescence and young adulthood finds:

Early relationships set the stage for later interpersonal relationships

Generalizing from the text, the children who are most likely to think of themselves as being "off schedule" with respect to their physical development are girls who mature _________ and boys who mature __________.

Early; Late

Professor Bertrande understands that most adolescents she talks to are not likely to engage in abstinence. Her research had demonstrated that the next best way for adolescents to protect themselves against sexually transmitted diseases is:

Effective condom use during sex

The rapid increase in body fat that adolescent girls experience:

Leads to a majority of adolescent girls dieting unnecessarily

Compared to 100 years ago, the adolescent period has been ________ and the transition into adulthood _________.

Lengthened; Prolonged

According to Baumrind, children of indulgent parents tend to be:

Less mature and more conforming to their peers

Compared to the situation 50 years ago, today's transition to adulthood is:

Long and disorderly

The popular notion of the generation gap has only been supported in differences between parents and children with regard to:

Personal taste

In the Mandingo tribe, boys and girls are separated until they have completed their religious instruction. This separation also occurs because sexual contact before marriage is strictly forbidden. According to Ford and Beach, this society would be characterized as:

Restrictive

Research on ADHD and its persistence suggests:

The majority of people with ADHD continue to display symptoms of the disorder into adulthood

True or False? Adolescents who come from family environments in which parents have set unrealistically high standards for their children's achievement and react very negatively to failure are most likely to develop fear of failure.

True

True or False? An important factor influencing the effect of maternal employment on her child is how happy the mother is about being employed.

True

True or False? Justin, a 16-year-old, was diagnosed with ADHD but his parents were uncomfortable putting him on stimulant medication because they worry about an increased risk for substance abuse. Research suggests that he is less likely to abuse drugs if he is treated with medication.

True

True or False? The incidence of ADHD is likely to be higher than reported because we are missing many girls who are not showing the hyperactivity and impulsivity.

True

True or False? The part-time worker/high school student is primarily an American phenomenon.

True

The transition from concrete operational thought to formal operational thought occurs:

Very gradually and unevenly across domains of functioning

Steve eats lunch with Jeff, Hans, and Mike every day. After school, they play computer games and talk about girls. This group of boys is called:

A clique

Adolescents who come from family environments in which parents have set unrealistically high standards for their children's achievement and react very negatively to failure are most likely to develop:

A fear of failure

When Lenny gets frustrated or upset, he turns to his peers rather than his parents for support. As a matter of fact, Lenny relies on his peers more than his parents for most things. Lenny is probably from:

A permissive home

Dave knows that kids who drink and drive sometimes get killed, but he believes that he is somehow immune to having such a terrible thing happen to him. Dave's belief is an example of:

A personal fable

Professor Umbridge takes pleasure in making her students look foolish. She stresses the importance of grades more than mastery of the course material. Her students are likely to demonstrate all of the following, EXCEPT: A. A need to outperform their classmates B. Hesitation about challenging themselves C. Reluctance to ask her for help D. Insecurity about their abilities

A. A need to outperform their classmates

Which of the following is NOT an effect of premature affluence? A. Increased social belongingness B. Increased materialistic attitudes C. Increased drug and alcohol use D. Decreased satisfaction with their financial situations as young adults

A. Increased social belongingness.

Which adolescent is least likely to date in high school?

A. Keiko, an Asian American

With which of the following statements would Erikson agree?

An adolescent must establish a sense of identity before he or she is capable of real intimacy

Within the United States and in Canada, adolescents of which racial/ethnic group are the least likely to date

Asian

All parts of the body do not grow at the same rate during adolescence. Usually the hands and feet grow first and the trunk is last to reach adult size. This phenomenon is referred to as _______________

Asynchronicity of growth

________________ parents place a high value on obedience and conformity. They favor more punitive and forceful discipline.

Authoritarian

Teens raised by ______________ parents are more responsible, self-confident, adaptive, creative, curious, and have higher social and academic skills than teens raised by parents who have different "styles" of parenting.

Authoritative

As used in the study of adolescence, the term intimacy refers to emotional attachment between two people that is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A. Concern for each other's well-being B. A sexual and/or physical relationship C. A willingness to disclose private, sometimes sensitive, information D. Sharing common interests and acitivites

B. A sexual and/or physical relationship

Felicia has a problematic relationship with her parents. All of the following negative effects are likely to occur for Felicia, EXCEPT: A. Rejection by classmates B. Active school involvement C. Development of an antisocial disposition D. School failure

B. Active school involvement

All of the following statements accurately reflect research on adolescent-sibling relationships, EXCEPT: A. Adolescent-sibling relationships involve more conflict than adolescent-friend relationships B. Adolescent-sibling relationships are characterized by a large increase in sibling rivalry C. Companionship, nuturance, and support are regular features of adolescent-sibling relationships D. The quality of adolescent-sibling relationships is affected by the quality of the parent-child relationship

B. Adolescent-sibling relationships are characterized by a large increase in sibling rivalry

Studies show that disadvantaged youth perform more poorly in school than their advantaged counterparts. Which of the following reasons best accounts for this disparity? A. Parents from higher social classes are more involved in the school B. All of the choices are correct C. Poor adolescents begin school at a distinct academic disadvantage D. Poor adolescents have more stress

B. All of the choices are correct

Tim and Carol are upset because they recently discovered that their 14-year-old daughter has already engaged in sexual intercourse. What other types of problems should they anticipate? A. Drug and alcohol problems B. All of the choices are correct C. Tolerance of deviant behavior D. Low interest in academics

B. All of the choices are correct

Debbie is moving from elementary school into middle school. We would expect her to experience declines in all of the following EXCEPT her: A. Self-image B. Standardized test scores C. Academic performance D. Motivation

B. Standardized test scores

What percentage of today's high school students will have worked in an after school job before graduating?

Between 65-75%

Some traditional societies practice _____________ where male and female siblings are not allowed any direct contact or interaction until one or both are married.

Brother-sister avoidance

All of the following contributed to the rise of age segregation in contemporary society, EXCEPT: A. Tougher child labor laws B. Increase of extracurricular activities C. Decrease in family values D. Rise of secondary education

C. Decrease in family values

According to the textbook, all of the following contributed to the rise of the adolescent workplace in the United States, EXCEPT: A. The expansion of the retail sector B. The expansion of the service sector C. Industrialization D. A relatively short school day compared with other countries

C. Industrialization

Changes in the structure of secondary schools have been linked to broader societal revolutions. All of the following factors have contributed to these changes, EXCEPT: A. Urbanization B. Industrialization C. Intellectualization D. Immigration

C. Intellectualization

___________ are settings for intimate interactions and friendships, whereas _____________ are based on reputation, rather than on actual social interaction

Cliques; Crowds

Children's relationships are based on ____________________ whereas adolescents' relationships are built on ___________________.

Common interests; Intimacy

_____________ is the most common method of birth control among sexually active adolescents.

Condoms

Societies in which hunting, fishing, and farming are the primary work activities tend to exhibit a more __________ transition between adolescence and adulthood.

Continuous

Not only are schools the chief educational arena for adolescents, but they also play an extremely important role in: A. Defining a young person's social world and social network B. Shaping psychosocial development C. The development of motivations, aspirations, and expectations D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Researchers have suggested that the lack of clarity and continuity in the transition into adulthood may contribute to our relatively high rates of: A. Divorce and family violence B. Juvenile delinquency and teenage alcoholism C. Youth unemployment D. All of the above might result from the lack of clarity and continuity in the transition into adulthood.

D. All of the above might result from the lack of clarity and continuity in the transition into adulthood.

By middle to late adolescence, cliques are often segregated by race. All of the following are possible explanations for this phenomenon, EXCEPT: A. Attitudes toward other races B. Socioeconomic influences C. Differential levels of academic involvement D. Differential abilities in athletics

D. Differential abilities in athletics

Which of the following is NOT associated with adolescents who work? A. Less time spent on homework B. Earn lower grades C. Greater absences from school D. Greater enjoyment of school

D. Greater enjoyment of school

According to a study by Caldwell and Darling presented in the textbook, research indicates spending time after school with friends is most problematic under which circumstance? A. When they lack supervision B. When the adolescent has friends who like to party and use drugs C. When the adolescent is easily susceptible to peer pressure D. It is a combination of all of the above

D. It is a combination of all of the above

Research has indicated that many young people do not use contraception regularly for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: A. Using contraception would indicate that they are planfully and willingly sexually active B. Their egocentric thinking leads them to believe that they are immune from getting pregnant or contracting sexually transmitted diseases C. Contraceptives may be difficult for them to obtain D. They unconsciously desire to become pregnant

D. They unconsciously desire to become pregnant

John and Mary want their children to develop a strong need for achievement. In addition to using an authoritative parenting style, they also should:

Encourage their children's successes

Kent has been involved in minor delinquent behavior. In order to curb this type of behavior, Kent's parents should:

Enroll Kent in an after-school activity

Molly's breasts are beginning to develop, she is beginning to grow pubic hair, and her body is growing rapidly. This change is brought about by the secretion of ____________ by the _____________.

Estrogen; Ovaries

Ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that:

Even though authoritative parenting is less commonly used by ethnic minority families, its effects on adolescent development are beneficial in all ethnic groups

Which of the following observations suggests that rising levels of the protein leptin is the most important signal that the body is ready for puberty?

Excessive thinness can delay onset of puberty

The two-sided change in status found at adolescence involves changes in privileges and rights, on the one hand, and changes in __________________________ on the other

Expectations and responsibility

Frank receives $50 for every "A" on his report cards but he is grounded for two weeks if he gets a "C". Frank is likely to develop what kind of motivation?

Extrinsic motivation

True or False? It has been suggested that low achievement scores among American adolescents is due to lack of involvement in extracurricular activities.

False

True or False? Regardless of the number of math courses taken, girls tend to score lower on tests of math achievement.

False

Decisions about whether to implement tracking in non-tracked schools, or whether to "de-track" schools that use ability grouping, are typically quite controversial; not surprisingly, parents of students in the higher tracks _____________, while parents in the lower tracks ___________.

Favor the practice; Oppose it

The adolescent growth spurt:

Generally begins two years earlier for girls than for boys

According to the media, serious differences exist between the values of adolescents and their parents; this is referred to as the ___________________.

Generation Gap

Sullivan's theoretical view may be more applicable to ___________ and Erikson's theoretical view may be more applicable to _____________

Girls; Boys

Adolescents who join antisocial peer groups are likely to have:

Had problematic parent-child relationships in childhood

Sullivan believed a precondition to forming close relationships as an adolescent is:

Having secure interpersonal relationships since childhood

Many studies find that rates of smoking, drinking, and drug use are ___________ among teenage workers than nonworkers, especially among students who _________.

Higher; Choose to work long hours

If an adolescent is making a decision regarding long-term occupational plans, he or she is likely to go to ____________ for advice.

His or her parents

Hormone levels are continuously monitored and adjusted by the _______________ which is the brain structure that sits on top of the pituitary gland.

Hypothalamus

Identity that is incoherent, disjointed, and characterized by an incomplete sense of self is called:

Identity Diffusion

Elkind suggested adolescents are preoccupied with an ______________ such that they believe their appearance and behavior is the focus of everyone's concern and attention.

Imaginary audience

John is a junior in high school. Although he is sociable, he feels very self-conscious. He feels as if everyone is evaluating him. David Elkind refers to this loss of perspective in adolescence as:

Imaginary audience

Adolescents are most likely to behave _______________ in romantic situations and with a classmate, and they are least likely to engage in ______________ with parents.

Inauthentically; False self-behavior

During the 1950's, how did the US respond when politicians felt the United States had lost its scientific edge to the former Soviet Union?

Increased emphasis was placed on math and science education

Dr. Brown argues that adolescents can solve problems better than younger children because they can store more information in memory and because they have more effective strategies. Dr. Brown's view is most consistent with which of the following perspectives?

Information-processing perspective

In some societies, a dramatic and elaborate _______________ marks the social redefinition of a young person.

Initiation ceremony (rite of passage)

The pendulum has swung back and forth several times between a focus on general education (i.e., preparation for adult roles) and a focus on _________________________.

Intellectual education/Standardized testing back to basics

Sullivan believes the crisis of adolescence is _____________. Erikson believes it is __________________.

Intimacy; Identity

Leroy plays video games not because he will win anything by doing well, or because anyone approves of his increasing skill, but because he enjoys getting better at the games. His behavior is an example of:

Intrinsic motivation

Whitney's present goal is to get good enough at spelling to earn the school's spelling trophy. Whitney's ambition is an example of:

Intrinsic motivation

Joe is extremely moody. His mother attributes his mood swings to being an adolescent. Based on your understanding of adolescent mood swings, what would you tell Joe's mom?

Joe's moods are most likely linked to his daily activities

Mrs. Denny wants to provide the best educational opportunities for all of the students in her high school. As school principal, she should:

Keep remedial classes small, but not worry if other classes have as many as 40 students

Which adolescent is most likely to engage in sexual intercourse at the youngest age?

Laurence, an African American

One reason that the adolescent years may constitute a difficult period of adjustment is that parents:

May also be experiencing identity crises of their own

The onset of menstruation in girls, called _____________, occurs relatively late in the process of pubertal maturation.

Menarche

_____________ includes being aware of thinking, being aware of one's comprehension or learning and being able to explain one's thoughts to others.

Metacognition

Renee, a 6-year-old, is unable to answer the question, "How are a motorcycle and a bicycle alike?". Mohammed, a 17-year-old, answers the same question by saying, "They are both types of transportation". What statement about Renee and Mohammed is most true?

Mohammed has demonstrated the ability to think abstractly

International comparisons of student achievement consistently found that American teens were fairing poorly. Noting that America was losing its competitive edge in the world market, what did reformers call for?

More academic rigor

The transition into adulthood 50 years ago was characterized by _______ prior preparation for family roles and _______ prior preparation for work roles.

More; More

Research on the nature of parent-adolescent relationships reveal that:

Most adolescents appear to maintain positive, supportive, and mutually respective relationships with parents

Robert, a 15-year-old, works for a fast-food restaurant. How old is Robert's supervisor most likely to be?

Not much older than Robert

Which of the following would NOT be considered an initiation ceremony?

Obtaining a driver's license

Mark is a teenager who generally respects his parents. On which of the following issues, however, is Mark most likely to side with his friends and against his parents?

On how to wear his hair

If an adolescent is making a decision regarding long-term occupational plans, he or she is likely to go to ____________ for adivce

Parents

According to the research, conformity to peer pressure:

Peaks in adolescence relative to childhood and adulthood

Which of the following factors have NOT been found to influence the onset of maturation?

Peer Pressure

If an adolescent always goes along with the deviant activities that his friends suggest, which type of parenting would you think his parents use?

Permissive

Lisa earns approximately $300 a month from her part-time job. She is most likely to spend the money on:

Personal luxuries

Dr. Martino argues that development proceeds in stages and that each stage is marked by fairly consistent behavior. Then, as the child's biological development progresses and new experiences are acquired, a shift occurs and development breaks through to the next level. Dr. Martino's view is most consistent with that expressed by the:

Piagetian perspective

Hostile attributional bias:

Plays a central role in the aggressive behavior of rejected adolescents

______________________ refers to the large amount of discretionary income working adolescents have. It has been associated with increase cynicism about the value of working hard, increased use of drugs and alcohol and other negative efffects

Premature Affluence

A double shift in social status takes place during adolescence with an increase in both _____ and _______.

Privileges; Expectations

Today, people go through ______ earlier than 100 years ago, but tend to stay in ________ longer.

Puberty; School

Which of the following female sex characteristics is usually the last to develop?

Regular ovulation

Karen, a 9th grader, was mad at Cheryl for spilling juice on Karen's shirt. Karen spread a rumor that Cheryl has gossiped about her friends. Karen is using __________ to express her aggression toward Cheryl.

Relational aggression

During adolescence, individual's IQ scores ___________, whereas their mental abilities _____________.

Remain stable; Increase

Which had a greater effect on students' scholastic achievement: school size or class size?

School size

Concern about the "leakage" of young adolescents from the 2-school educational system led to the creation of separate ____________________ for early adolescents.

Secondary schools

Which of the following patterns of attachment is positively correlated with high sociability in childhood?

Secure

Charlie is able to tune out the television so that he can focus on his art project, which is due in class tomorrow. This is an example of:

Selective attention

Even though Chloe works very hard in school, she gives her classmates the impression that she is uninterested in school in order to have an excuse for her poor performance. What type of behavior is this?

Self-handicapping

Molly and Lawrence were caught kissing in school and were sent to the principal's office. He gave them each after-school detention (in separate rooms) and instructed them that this behavior was to cease immediately. However, when the principal saw Lawrence and Molly kissing in the mall on Saturday, he ignored their behavior. This type of attitude is consistent with which type of society?

Semi-Restrictive

_____________ refers to the tendency of boys and girls to associate primarily with same-sex friends

Sex-Cleavage

Jeanette, a 17-year-old, has decided to engage in sexual intercourse with her boyfriend. Tammy, also 17, has decided to abstain from sex until she is older. Which adolescent is more likely to experience psychological disturbances?

Sexual activity during late adolescence is not associated with psychological disturbance

The most important influence on the formation of a clique is ________________. It is so important that an adolescent will terminate a relationship when he or she differs from a friend on an important dimension.

Similarity

Kaji, a 16-year-old male, has gone through the rite of passage and is now considered a warrior by his tribesmen. This change in Kaji's role and status may be referred to as:

Social redefinition

Research about contemporary adolescents is clear that these adolescents _______________ than adolescents in previous times.

Spend more time in their peer groups

Jacob and Stephen just got a project back from their teacher that they had worked on together. They received a D on the project. Jacob said it was because the project was too hard. Stephen said it was because they hadn't worked hard enough on the project. Which adolescent is most likely to try harder on future projects?

Stephen

Which of the following statements about tracking is false?

Teaching quality is more or less the same in different tracks.

Adolescence was not considered a distinct transitional period until:

The Industrial Revolution

Which of the following statements about the production of hormones at puberty is FALSE?

The body begins to produce several hormones that have not been present in the body up until this time

One reason for the difference in the body shapes of the sexes is:

The difference in the amount and distribution of body fat

Although the rate of sexual activity among adolescents in the United States does not differ much from that reported by other industrialized countries, the rate of teenage pregnancy in the United States is:

The highest in the world among industrialized nations

As Alex enters adolescence, he and his parents are experiencing severe relationship problems. These difficulties suggest that:

The problems in their relationship have existed since Alex's childhood

According to the textbook, in general, how does employment affect adolescent development?

The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on many factors, including the nature of the job, the number of hours worked each week, and the aspect of development studied.

Which of the following theses is generally not a universal element in the process of social redefinition?

The separation of adolescents experiencing menarche from elder members of the community

Sarah is a junior high student anticipating and preparing for puberty. She wants to know when puberty will start and how long it will take until she looks and is considered an adult. What would you tell her?

The timing of puberty, as well as the rate with which it occurs, is highly variable and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

According to the textbook, a good deal of adolescent's risk taking takes place in contexts in which:

They are unsupervised by adults and exposed to peer pressure

When are adolescents usually in the "worst" mood?

When they are alone

Adolescents have better ____________ memories, or the ability to hold information in one's conscious awareness for brief periods.

Working