PSYC 309 Memory Practice Exam

___________ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.

consolidation

According to the ______ approach to memory, what people report as memories is based on what actually happened plus additional factors such as other knowledge, experiences, and expectations.

constructive

Hebb's idea of *long-term potentiation*, which provides a physiological mechanism for the long-term storage of memories, includes the idea of

increased firing in the neurons

The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is

active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.

The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented

after the event

Neuropsychological evidence indicates that short- and long-term memories probably

are caused by different mechanisms that act independently.

Your text's discussion of false memories leads to the conclusion that false memories

arise from the same constructive processes that produce true memories.

Unconscious plagiarism of the work of others is known as

cryptomnesia

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds

decreases recency effect

According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on the depth at which information is

encoded

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as encoding

encoding specificity

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that

extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate.

The observation that older adults often become nostalgic for the "good old days" reflects the self-image hypothesis, which states that

memory for life events is enhanced during the time we assume our life identities.

__________ occurs when reading a sentence leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the sentence.

pragmatic inference

Which of the following is key to the illusory truth effect?

repetition

Memories of the past that have been pushed out of a person's consciousness are considered to be ________.

repressed

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ___________ in long-term memory.

retrieval cues

What is the key difference between synaptic consolidation and systems consolidation?

scale

The predominant type of coding in long-term memory is

semantic

Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos

the person took himself or herself.

Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of the test stimulus being

the same as or resembling the priming stimulus

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if

the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task.

Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that

when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed.