PSYC

Which of the following is the best example of a habit?

chewing on your hair to relieve stress

Which of the following examples accurately reflects the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb.

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

Accomodation

Thalia suffers from insomnia. She tries everything, and she finally develops the habit of counting backward when she wants to sleep but cannot. Thalia finds that she falls asleep much easier once she starts counting backward, so she continues to do so. ________ theory suggests that she continues this habit because it results in homeostasis.

Drive

Which of the following are examples of the social level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Family and friendship

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school.

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

Which of the following exemplifies intrinsically motivated behavior?

attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

Body dysmorphia is a ________.

distorted body image

Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops________.

during early childhood

The culture display rule is one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of ______ that are acceptable.

emotion

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

esteem

motivation arises from external factors or rewards.

extrinsic

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

fine

Dorothy knows songs and rhymes by memory. She can name most colors and numbers, she can even write the letters of her name. Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?

four

A person's ________ rate is the amount of energy she expends in a given period of time.

metabolic

Specific normative events are also called ________.

milestones

Food, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

physiological

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________.

physiological and cognitive

In the _____ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.

preoperational

A(an)_____ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

zygote

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of motor skills.

gross

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

identity vs confusion

Which of the following is an example of instinct?

infant rooting for a nipple

Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

initiative vs guilt

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs despair

The concept conservation refers to ____.?

knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

A genetic disorder resulting in obesity

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud

which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

achievement gap

According to research, the need for _______ encourages Adam to engage politely with his coworkers.

affiliation

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Mercy probably suffers from ________.

anorexia

_____ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.

anorexia

Ego identity is our ________.

sense of self

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

A _____ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.

teratogen